阅《牛虻》之感想
主要人物：阿瑟——牛虻（里瓦雷斯）
神父——主教（蒙塔奈利）
琴玛——博拉太太
作者：【英】埃塞尔·莉莲·伏尼契（1864-1960），大家庭中一家子都信任天主教，唯有埃塞尔是个例外。
背景：十九世纪三四十年代的意大利处在奥地利人统治之下，国家陷于四分五裂之中，罗马是教皇的统治中心，其它地区的统治者都跟教皇有着千丝万缕的联系。在主人公牛虻看来，要实现意大利统一，需要：驱逐奥地利人；在教皇国举行武装起义；揭露教会的黑暗与腐败，推翻教皇统治。
初读《牛虻》，主人公阿瑟给我的印象是天真、好学、可爱和羞涩但又有一点胆小和懦弱。暂且不提出生于富商家庭的阿瑟有着怎样的少爷情节，认为这个世界皆为他生活的中上流社会的样子，这是他的出身，无法改变。但是当一些意大利爱国青年邀请阿瑟“一起干”的时候，阿瑟却对要帮助他的神父蒙塔奈利说：“我一定得直接从天主那听到回答，要知道，这是为我的一生负责，为我的整个灵魂负责啊！”未曾真正经历过生活的十九岁的阿瑟天真的把天主作为他一生的决策者，这与后来痛恨、讥讽天主的里瓦雷斯形成及其强烈的对比。依文章概述，阿瑟是认真研究过神学的，在其学习过程中，蒙塔奈利即阿瑟的生身父亲为其提供过巨大的帮助，这不仅为他今后异常犀利的笔锋奠定了文学基础，更重要的是，他青年时代学来的那套神学理论成为日后与蒙塔奈利唇枪舌剑中的一种思想武器，蕴含着极大的讽刺意味，这与后期的里瓦雷斯的性格特点是相辅相成的。至于阿瑟的可爱和羞涩，那是在面对自己心爱的姑娘——琴玛而说的。二人互相爱慕，青梅竹马，感情如白雪般纯洁无暇，也正是因为这感情的珍贵，使得琴玛对阿瑟的误会成为阿瑟假装自杀而出走的导火线，也使得阿瑟出走十三年回到佛罗伦萨后，在二人未曾相认的情况下，里瓦雷斯对博拉太太不一样的对待：既包括冷漠但充满深意的眼神，又包括伏在她怀里痛哭的样子，还有能唤起琴玛对阿瑟的回忆的用力撕扯花朵的动作。十九 - 1 -
岁时的阿瑟的胆小和懦弱表现在他出走之前，面对革命的萌芽不知何去何从，竟然请求天主将他和母亲一起带走，以摆脱自己的困扰。
在异国他乡漂泊了整整十三年的里瓦雷斯已完全不再是那个面容白皙，羞涩拘谨的大男孩儿了，“他肤色奇深，像个黑白混血儿，右足带跛 ，左臂蜷曲，左手缺少两指，脸上有新砍刀伤，说话口吃，虽说瘸着一条腿，行动却像猫一样敏捷，他的许多特点合在一起，却使人不由得想起了一头黑豹”；不再是那个说话温文儒雅，极具贵族气质的无知青年了，“他诙谐，写政治小说，说话慢条斯理，威严十足，但声音异常柔和，颇具音乐之美；从穆拉多里和柴姆卡贝里一直到最最粗野的山民，没有一个不热爱他的”。使得琴玛初见里瓦雷斯的时候，他的眼睛在她脸上身上一扫，她觉得那大胆的目光好生锋利，竟有些刺探的味道；也使得蒙塔奈利再见他的亲生儿子的时候痛的竟昏了过去。
在小说的最后，在近乎只有里瓦雷斯与蒙塔奈利的对手戏中，经受了非人折磨的里瓦雷斯最终没能经受亲情的冲击，在他被枪杀的前一天与蒙塔奈利相认。这时的里瓦雷斯的是决绝的，他执意要他的神父在天主和他之间做一个抉择，没有任何妥协的余地；这时的里瓦雷斯又是痛苦的，自己真诚的呼唤仍唤不回迷途中的亲身父亲，却要接受父亲对自己的宣判，最终，我们尊重的里瓦雷斯还是牺牲了，倒在那并不致命的六枪之下，因为那些人不忍心打死他，他们只是瞄准那些不是利害的部位。自己的儿子的死终究还是唤醒了蒙塔奈利，当然，其中既包含他对虚伪的宗教的失望与痛恨，更重要的是痛失爱子的心伤。当这位博爱的主教痛斥那些啃噬世间最纯美的教徒时，当他面对众人承认阿瑟是他的亲生儿子时，当他愤怒的将神龛砸向众人时，这都预示着一种高潮：人们将要觉醒，革命的大潮即将涌来，负罪沉重的人终将灭亡。正如蒙塔奈利说的：“会轮到你们的，等着好了！”
向里瓦雷斯致敬！
向人类觉醒致敬！
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第二篇：牛虻读后感(英文版)
Whether I'm alive
Or I die
I have been a gadfly
A happy fly
This poem, is the final writing, writing it, he was on the line, and then he died. He died very hard, because he has to soldier, was so loved him, they took the tremulous gun hand, their tears in the cheeks, but they still have to kill him, that is the work. In countless bullet sound, gadfly is dead, all in the play, but the dead so strong, so bright.
China looks at his son's death, he had killed him, he is in God, and sons,
decided to choose the false god, gave up so miserable and so need loving son. He was destined to regret their decisions, he was destined to be your crazy, finally, great cardinal or crazy, or dead, God is not the God of mercy, not because of his loyalty and loyalty to him.
Arthur is poor, Qiongma a slap him from Italy to South America, many years of suffering, he put down, finally, he returned to Italy, he saw Qiongma, they love each other, but not forever. He died, she cried in pain, he all the time, she was also suffering. And as she know he is still alive, she can be relieved, she can forget their past mistakes, he once again living dead in front of her.
Arthur was 17 years old, know God is just a hammer to knock out the clay sculpture, his beloved Padre lied to him, God is not a god of compassion, one can rely on, only yourself. Arthur in trouble and became a fully-fledged atheist, he hated the hypocrisy of prayer, hate all priests, but he knows that, in any case, he still loves the Padre, he doesn't hate him, as long as the Padre to spend the rest of my life to love him, he will be satisfied, he will be happy. But China does not do so, he cried, cry very sad, but his choice is still God, only god ... ...
As the great cardinal, choose God is behoove, Christ was crucified, he is
destined to be merciful, he was acceptable to all confession, and he can do, is only the acceptance of the confession. He is not what people do, he can't, he couldn't save China, more save Arthur. But China does not know, never know, the way he treated his own son, is very unfair, but he did not know God, he was puzzled by his mind, only the empty god.
When China finally wakes up, you must face the heaven or hell of the God, and he will say, he still love God? Also keep your faith? He would regret it, will be.
He will see, and the God was broken into pieces, he will put the heart away from God, he really loves, is his son. But all this is already late, heaven is infinitely high, hell is a bottomless, he 'll never find his beloved son ... ... Once again the confession?
Then ... ...
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