读《牛虻》有感
牛虻，是虻的俗称，强壮而有软毛。“牛虻”一词源出希腊神话，天后赫拉嫉妒丈夫宙斯爱上了少女安娥，放出牛虻来日夜追逐已化为牛的安娥，使得她几乎发疯。后来希腊哲学家苏格拉底把自己比喻为牛虻，说自己甘冒天下之大不韪，对当时社会的弊端实行针砭，即使自己为此而死也在所不惜。伏尼契以“牛虻”作为新生亚瑟的名字，意味着他将是一个坚定的反教会统治的革命者。果然，当“牛虻”出现在读者面前时，人们看到的是一个饱经忧患、意志坚强、机智勇敢的革命者的形象。牛虻对革命的无限忠诚激起读者对他的崇敬之感。
《牛虻》一书生动地反映了19世纪30年代意大利革命者反对奥地利统治者、争取国家独立统一的斗争，作者成功地塑造了以牛虻为代表的一批革命党人甘愿为革命事业献身的形象。作者伏尼契以出色的艺术手段，以主人公坎坷的一生为主线，通过跌宕起伏的情节，向读者展示了一个为统一和独立的意大利而忘我战斗的革命者形象亚瑟从小在家里受异母兄嫂的歧视，当他进入比萨宾查大学以后, 神父即比萨神学院长蒙泰尼里常常给他讲解哲学,并且和他一起读书,学习.他们相互信任,尊重.亚瑟.非常崇敬蒙太尼里神甫的渊博学识，把他当作良师慈父，以一片赤诚之心回报蒙太尼里对自己的关怀。然而当时的意大利正遭到奥地利的侵略，亚瑟决定献身于争取民族独立这项事业。当时蒙太尼里调到罗马当了主教，警方的密探卡尔狄成了新的神父。亚瑟在忏悔中向卡尔迪透露了他们的行动和战友们的名字，以致他连同战友一起被捕入狱，出狱后，他遭爱人误解，更得知蒙太尼里神父是他的生身父亲！这一连串的打击使他陷入极度痛苦之中。他一锤打碎了心爱的耶稣蒙难像，以示与教会决裂。然后伪装了自杀的现场，只身流亡到南美洲 。后来,亚瑟成长为一个不再对黑暗惊呼，确与之融为一体互相折磨誓不罢休的人，一个浑身伤疤嘲讽教会的人，并以牛虻为笔名，抨击教会，同情广大人民，深受群众拥护。最终不幸被捕，英勇就义。
《牛虻》一书之所以能令人心弦激动，就是因为在牛虻的身上，集中了许多方面的“冲突”之故。这就应验了文学评论家勃兰兑斯说过一句名言：“没有冲突，就没有悲剧。” 这“冲突”或者是政治信仰的冲突，或者是爱情与理想的冲突，而由于这些不能调和的冲突，就爆发了惊心动魄的悲剧。最的冲突没过于最终亚瑟和生父蒙太尼里的选择，蒙泰尼里在上帝和儿子之间，毅然选择了虚假的慈悲的上帝，而放弃了自己那么可怜又那么需要爱的儿子。在牛虻死后，蒙太尼里也被这对与错所纠缠，他痛苦，他无奈，最终，伟大的红衣主教还是疯了，还是死了，死在痛苦交加中。
亚瑟说过：“献身于意大利，帮她从奴役和苦难中解放出来!”正是这崇高的信念，支持着他重新站起来，用残废的手握起笔，对准一切虚伪外表下的丑恶灵魂，毫不留情地抨击和鞭挞；也正是这崇高的信念，支持他“怀着轻松的心情，就像是一个放假回家的学童”一样走进刑场，昂首面对乌黑的枪口。牛虻，是真正的勇士。
人不能没有独立的精神，失去了精神，人就不能成为真正的人，是精神的支柱，崇高得如同一盏指路明灯，赋予人无穷的精神力量。这股精神力量鼓舞人直面人生，勇敢承受生活的各种艰难困苦，也使人以更加超脱的态度看待生与死。任何人，任何社会，任何时代都需要这股精神力量。如今，站在新世纪的门槛上，迎接我们的是一个机遇与挑战并存的时代，只有拥有坚强意志和独立精神的人，才能走在时代的最前端。精神的浩气长存，即使相隔百年，依然可以感受到那深
深的震撼力。本书所具有的精神财富是永恒的，它告诉我们：逃避现实，与世无争是懦夫的表现；直面人生，义无反顾的人才是真正的英雄。最后以亚瑟写的一首小诗结尾：
“不管我活着，还是我死去，我都是一只牛虻，快乐地飞来飞去。”
第二篇：牛虻读后感(英文版)
Whether I'm alive
Or I die
I have been a gadfly
A happy fly
This poem, is the final writing, writing it, he was on the line, and then he died. He died very hard, because he has to soldier, was so loved him, they took the tremulous gun hand, their tears in the cheeks, but they still have to kill him, that is the work. In countless bullet sound, gadfly is dead, all in the play, but the dead so strong, so bright.
China looks at his son's death, he had killed him, he is in God, and sons,
decided to choose the false god, gave up so miserable and so need loving son. He was destined to regret their decisions, he was destined to be your crazy, finally, great cardinal or crazy, or dead, God is not the God of mercy, not because of his loyalty and loyalty to him.
Arthur is poor, Qiongma a slap him from Italy to South America, many years of suffering, he put down, finally, he returned to Italy, he saw Qiongma, they love each other, but not forever. He died, she cried in pain, he all the time, she was also suffering. And as she know he is still alive, she can be relieved, she can forget their past mistakes, he once again living dead in front of her.
Arthur was 17 years old, know God is just a hammer to knock out the clay sculpture, his beloved Padre lied to him, God is not a god of compassion, one can rely on, only yourself. Arthur in trouble and became a fully-fledged atheist, he hated the hypocrisy of prayer, hate all priests, but he knows that, in any case, he still loves the Padre, he doesn't hate him, as long as the Padre to spend the rest of my life to love him, he will be satisfied, he will be happy. But China does not do so, he cried, cry very sad, but his choice is still God, only god ... ...
As the great cardinal, choose God is behoove, Christ was crucified, he is
destined to be merciful, he was acceptable to all confession, and he can do, is only the acceptance of the confession. He is not what people do, he can't, he couldn't save China, more save Arthur. But China does not know, never know, the way he treated his own son, is very unfair, but he did not know God, he was puzzled by his mind, only the empty god.
When China finally wakes up, you must face the heaven or hell of the God, and he will say, he still love God? Also keep your faith? He would regret it, will be.
He will see, and the God was broken into pieces, he will put the heart away from God, he really loves, is his son. But all this is already late, heaven is infinitely high, hell is a bottomless, he 'll never find his beloved son ... ... Once again the confession?
Then ... ...
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