Unit 1 Part 1 Word Dictation
1. chase 2. cruelty 3. exploit 4. idle 5. continuity 6. sustain
7. minute 8. discount 9. distinct 10. pessimistic 11. bankrupt
12. worship
13. drown
14. justify
15. contaminate
16. enquire/inquire
17. deposit
18. container
19. moist
20. amuse
21. obligation
22. relief
23. melt
24. induce
25. restore
26. initiative
27. glue
28. furnish
29. spur
30. imperial
31. spray
32. bathe
33. freight
34. auction
35. banquet
36. desperate
37. expel
38. attorney
Unit 1 Part 2 Understanding Short Conversations
Directions: In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
1. Recording 1
A. The man taking something from her.
B. The man stealing from her grandmother.
C. The man stealing from his grandmother.
D. The man telling his grandmother that she steals.
Correct answer: A
Transcript:
M: What's the matter? Don't you know you can trust me? I'm honest.
W: How can I be sure of that? From what everyone says, you'd steal from your own 1
grandmother. If that's true, you'd steal from me.
Q: What's the woman concerned about?
2. Recording 2
A. The woman doesn't worry about important things in society.
B. The woman doesn't know what's important in society.
C. The man doesn't consider himself part of society.
D. The man doesn't care about children saying ma'am or sir.
Correct answer: D
Transcript:
W: When was the last time that you heard a child use the words ma'am and sir? Honestly, I think civility is fading from society.
M: Come on! Isn't there anything more important to worry about?
Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?
3. Recording 3
A. The reasons why the woman is important.
B. The reasons why the woman is wrong.
C. The woman's working experience.
D. The woman's work as a writer.
Correct answer: D
Transcript:
W: When I took this writing job, I thought you'd give me something worthwhile to do. When will I be able to write a big story?
M: I think you're looking at your job all wrong. Write about these small things as if they are important.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
4. Recording 4
A. His studies at school.
B. Deaths because of war.
C. Wars he has studied.
D. Things he can control.
Correct answer: B
Transcript:
W: I think you should concern yourself less with war and terrible things in the world, and concern yourself more with things you can control, like your
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studies.
M: What? How can I possibly study when so many people are dying in the world?
Q: What is the man concerned about?
5. Recording 5
A. Have independent thought.
B. Show respect to the teacher.
C. Disagree with the teacher.
D. Get angry at the teacher.
Correct answer: B
Transcript:
W: My teacher gets angry every time I don't agree with her. This is ridiculous! She should encourage independent thought!
M: I don't think she'd get angry if you were a little more respectful when you disagreed. Try that next time.
Q: What does the man want the woman to try?
6. Recording 6
A. The company policy.
B. The shop.
C. The shirt.
D. The service.
Correct answer: C
Transcript:
M: I bought the shirt last week, but it is too small for me. Can I exchange it for a larger size?
W: Sorry, Sir. That's against the company policy.
Q: What are they talking about?
7. Recording 7
A. A prison.
B. A classroom.
C. A big city.
D. A small town.
Correct answer: B
Transcript:
W: Before I begin today's lesson on crime and the prison system, could anyone tell me why crime is more common in cities than in small towns?
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M: Didn't you answer this question yesterday—that crime is common where people don't know one another?
Q: Where is this conversation taking place?
8. Recording 8
A. 5.
B. 6.
C. 2.
D. 3.
Correct answer: D
Transcript:
W: Before we decide on whether to hire the guard, I think we should talk to 5 or 6 people who know him, maybe even a family member or 2.
M: Sounds reasonable. But I've already spoken to 3 former employers of his, and he checks out well so far.
Q: How many of the guard's old bosses have been spoken to?
Unit 1 Part 3 Understanding Long Conversations
Directions: In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
Recording 1
1. A. Responsibilities in the home.
B. Things they do together.
C. Troubles in their marriage.
D. The worst day.
Correct answer: C
2. A. They agreed to share the work.
B. They have responsibilities.
C. They are both tired.
D. They are bothered by it.
Correct answer: A
3. A. The state of the marriage.
B. The silly things they did.
C. The terrible cold she had.
D. They haven't gotten married.
Correct answer: A
4. A. Go to their parents.
B. Have arguments.
C. Walk in the park.
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D. Go to the cinema.
Correct answer: B
5. A. The park.
B. The cinema.
C. A parent's home.
D. Their home.
Correct answer: D
Transcript:
W: You know, it doesn't look like you've cleaned the living room.
M: No, I haven't. Ugh. I had the worst day. I am so tired. Look, I promise I'll do it this weekend.
W: Listen, I know the feeling. I'm tired, too. But I came home and I did my share of the housework. I mean, that's the agreement, right?
M: All right. We agreed. I'll do it in a minute.
W: Come on. Don't be that way. You know, I shouldn't have to ask you to do anything. I mean, we both work, we both live in the house, we agreed that housework is... is both of our responsibility. I don't like to have to keep reminding you about it. M: What's the matter with you today? You seemed bothered by something? W: It's us.
M: What do you mean by "us"?
W: Well, we used to talk to each other before we were married. Remember? M: What do you mean? We are talking now, aren't we?
W: Oh, yes, but we used to do so much together.
M: We still go to the cinema together, don't we?
W: Yes, but we used to go out for walks together. Remember?
M: Of course.
W: And we used to do silly things, like running barefoot through the park... M: Yes. I used to catch terrible colds. Honestly, you are being totally ridiculous.
W: But we never argued. You used to think I was wonderful. Once... Where are you going?
M: Back to live with my parents. That's something else we never used to do before we were married.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
2. Why did the woman say she shouldn't ask the man to do anything?
3. What is the woman bothered by?
4. What did they never do?
5. Where is the conversation taking place?
Recording 2
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Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What are the speakers talking about?
2. What does the woman want the male speaker to do soon?
3. What does George do all day?
4. According to the man, what kind of job might the young man be suited for?
5. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
Unit 1 Part 4 Understanding Passages
Directions: In this section you'll hear a passage or passages. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
Recording 1
1. A. The responsibilities of married people.
B. The British sense of society.
C. The masters of British family life.
D. The meaning of family in Britain.
Correct answer: D
2. A. Family.
B. Children.
C. The house.
D. Duty.
Correct answer: A
3. A. Start a person's real life.
B. Make a person independent.
C. Start a new family.
D. Support a person financially.
Correct answer: C
4. A. British children have a responsibility to their parents.
B. British people care more for spouses than for children.
C. British men have more responsibilities than women do.
D. British women have more responsibilities than men do.
Correct answer: B
5. A. The wife's parents.
B. The couple themselves.
C. The couple's sisters.
D. The husband's parents.
Correct answer: B
Transcript:
"Family" is of course an elastic word. But when British people say that their society is based on family life, they are thinking of "family" in its narrow, peculiarly European sense of mother, father and children living together alone in their own house as an economic and social unit. Thus, every British marriage indicates the beginning of a 7
new and independent family—hence the great importance of marriage in British life. For both the man and the woman, marriage means leaving one's parents and starting one's own life. The man's first duty will then be to his wife, and the wife's to her husband. He will be entirely responsible for her financial support, and she for the running of the new home. Their children will be their common responsibility and theirs alone. Neither the wife's parents nor the husband's, nor their brothers or sisters, aunts or uncles, have any right to interfere with them—they are their own masters.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard.
1. What is the passage about?
2. What is British society based upon?
3. What does a British marriage do?
4. What can be inferred in the passage?
5. Who will take care of the children of a British couple?
Recording 2
1. A. The plays of the 1930s.
B. The life of a writer.
C. Death of a Salesman.
D. The "common man".
Correct answer: B
2. A. To speak on society and politics.
B. To establish the American tradition.
C. To win Tony Awards and the Pulitzer Prize.
D. To cause trouble for a US senator.
Correct answer: A
3. A. 1957.
B. 1949.
C. 1961.
D. 1964.
Correct answer: A
4. A. His short stories.
B. His essays.
C. His plays.
D. His novels.
Correct answer: C
5. A. Miller was known for being un-American.
B. Miller once ran for Senator.
C. Miller wrote the screenplay for The Misfits with his wife.
D. Miller was a more productive playwright when he was younger.
Correct answer: D
Transcript:
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problem. (10) to the very young.
Correct answer: (1) novel (2) old-fashioned (3) convinced (4) insisting (5) when (6) yielding (7) sound (8) caught in a struggle between parental pressure and a wise educational decision (9) that it is not necessary that computers can teach as well as with pencil and paper (10) Even those who believe that all children should have access to computers have been warned of potential dangers
2. London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. Just jump into one of the city's 22,000 (1) shaped cars and enjoy your trip. All you have to do is just to tell the driver your (2), and no matter how small the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble.
It is well known that London taxi drivers are (3). They have all gone through a very (4) training period to get the special license needed to drive taxis.
During this period, which can take from two to four years, the (5) taxi drivers have been tested several times. They have to learn the most direct (6) to every important building in London. Learner taxi drivers are also (7) to take part in a written test for traffic rules.
Once a new taxi driver has a license, the next thing he or she has to cope with is the public. (8). But, as Brian Turner, 52, a taxi driver for 20 years, explains: "Your job is to take them where they want to go in a polite and pleasant manner, whatever they are like. After all, if you're unpleasant to your passenger, you won't get a tip."(9) as soon as the passenger steps into their vehicle. They talk and drive smoothly. This is the art that London taxi drivers have brought to perfection. (10), along with the Queen and Big Ben, as a great British tradition.
Correct answer: (1) distinctively (2) destination (3) efficient (4) rough (5) would-be (6) route (7) required (8) Drivers agree that most passengers are very pleasant, although occasionally they can be nasty (9) London taxi drivers love to talk to people and most of them start a conversation (10) They and their taxis are a landmark of the capital and are recognized throughout the world
3. Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? I'm sorry to have to tell you that the police have (1) us to leave the building as quickly as possible. A carrier bag, possibly containing a(n) (2) device, has been found in one of the dressing rooms backstage. Experts are on their way to (3) it. We ask you to leave in a quiet and
(4)way. There is absolutely no need for (5). Please make your way out by Exit 1, cross over the road and wait outside the (6) on the corner of King's Road. Leave your seats row by row, as directed by our (7). Be kind as you leave. Please do give any assistance necessary to elderly and disabled people when you think they are in need of help. If you have children with you, (8). If you forget anything, such as your umbrella, 10
your coat, or even your handbag, please do not try to go back for it. (9). If you see any suspicious object—a bag or a case—(10). Please extinguish all cigarettes. We rely on your cooperation and hope that you'll be able to return to your seats shortly to enjoy the last act of the play.
Correct answer: (1) demanded (2) explosive (3) examine (4) orderly (5) panic (6) supermarket (7) attendants (8) make sure you do not become separated from them, and hold small children firmly by the hand (9) This will only cause unnecessary confusion and delay, which might mean the loss of your precious time (10) do not touch it but inform one of our attendants as you leave
4. If you listen to American music, watch American television, or read American magazines, you will probably agree that the most popular subject of these forms of entertainment is love. Romantic love always finds an (1) in the United States. Falling in love, solving the problems of love, and achieving the happy ending—the big wedding—are subjects of interest to the adults as well as the (2) public. Millions of Americans (3) Valentine's Day with special cards and gifts that announce their love to their mates, their friends, their coworkers, and their families. (4) songs tell us that "All the world loves a lover".
A popular saying is "Love (5) all". Numerous (6) in magazines and newspapers offer advice to the lovelorn, those with difficulties of the heart. To most Americans, (7) love is central to a happy life. Americans consider marriage (8). Young Americans feel free
(9). The man or woman may have strong ties with parents, brothers, or sisters, but when he or she falls in love, (10). When an American couple marries, they generally plan to live apart from parents and build their own independent family structure.
Correct answer: (1) audience (2) teenage (3) celebrate (4) Popular (5) conquers (6) columns (7) romantic (8) a private arrangement between the two people involved (9) to choose their own marriage partners from any social, economic, or religious background (10) the strongest feelings are supposed to be for the loved one
Unit 1 Part 6 Fill in the Blanks (with the initial letters provided)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of the first letter(s). Use only ONE word to fill in each blank.
1. I around all day looking for a birthday present to give her.
Correct answer: chased
2. A police motorcycle his car twelve miles, and cornered him near Rome. Correct answer: chased
3. Her black eye and bruises (青肿) were undeniable evidence of his . Correct answer: cruelty
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4. What kind of person could treat a fellow human being with such ?
Correct answer: cruelty
5. If executives fail to the opportunities of networking they risk being left behind.
Correct answer: exploit
6. There is a further fear that criminals will the lack of co-operation between different police agencies in Europe.
Correct answer: exploit
7. One aim of the network would be to the entry of new research into clinical practice, a process that most researchers have long felt to be much too
slow.
Correct answer: hasten
8. Some doctors may even death with the pain-killing drugs they administer (给药) at this time, but their "intent to kill" is rarely tested in a court.
Correct answer: hasten
9. She could see nothing except a vivid red , the color of a London bus. Correct answer: blur
10. I just saw the of the car as it passed in front of me.
Correct answer: blur
11. Hundreds of workers sat on the factory floor waiting for the assembly line to start again.
Correct answer: idle
12. They closed a few plants and decided to use the machinery to make plastic parts for cigarette filters.
Correct answer: idle
13. Kelly gets a new job, and two weeks later she's with it.
Correct answer: bored
14. Doing the same job all day her to tears.
Correct answer: bored
15. is important, and the dog is likely to respond best to one person, especially when learning new routines.
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27. Police are investigating but said they had no clue as to the .
Correct answer: motive
28. His crews him and he responded by showing a genuine concern for their welfare.
Correct answer: worshipped
29. The growth of tourism has equivalent developments in the hotel and leisure-related sectors.
Correct answer: spurred
30. I had felt the of the unexplored, the desire to go where others had not been. Correct answer: lure
31. The noise of the battle was out by his aircraft's engine.
Correct answer: drowned
32. The tears rolling off her chin on to her fingers, she sang louder, out her other noises.
Correct answer: drowning
33. How can you possibly charging four pounds for a glass of beer?
Correct answer: justify
34. People try to the breakdown of their marriage by blaming their spouse. Correct answer: justify
35. It was weeks before they realized that the young man who had charmed them all was a .
Correct answer: fraud
36. Food producers do their best to make sure that food is not with any poisonous organisms.
Correct answer: contaminated
37. He had marked the passages in pencil and words that he did not understand so that he could look them up.
Correct answer: underlined
38. The police the importance of the public's co-operation in the hunt for the bombers.
Correct answer: underlined
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39. But I have met many who to the kind of society it has created because of its injustice and inhumanity.
Correct answer: objected
40. Human rights groups to the proposed 50 percent reduction in the number of refugees who could be admitted to the country.
Correct answer: object
41. Can teachers be for making negative comments about students in classrooms or in the teachers' lounge (休息室)?
Correct answer: sued
42. They threatened to him if he didn't follow the party line.
Correct answer: expel
43. Inspectors have the power to any passenger traveling without a ticket. Correct answer: fine
44. Reports suggest he could be suspended several races next season and as much as $1 million.
Correct answer: fined
45. A former businessman has gone on trial of a two-million-pound investment fraud.
Correct answer: accused
Unit 1 Part 7 Fill in the Blanks (with the right preposition or adverb)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb. Fill in each blank with only ONE word.
1. Essential equipment to enable a child to participate a group may be provided and opportunities for training may be shared.
Correct answer: in
2. When employees participated the problem-solving process, they were much more willing to implement solutions to the problems.
Correct answer: in
3. Anyone traveling without a passport runs the risk being arrested.
Correct answer: of
4. Rather than running the risks using harmful pesticides (杀虫剂) in your garden, try using natural methods of pest (害虫) control.
Correct answer: of
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5. If the partners have agreed to work together and play to each other's strengths, the same is likely to be true their customers.
Correct answer: of
6. The conversion (转化) process is inefficient and about two-thirds of the energy is wasted. The same is nuclear power stations.
Correct answer: of
7. Mr. Bush's father paid dearly breaking his promise and raising taxes, so Mr. Bush must deliver something.
Correct answer: for
8. Most drugs offer either no real improvement or, best, only moderate improvements.
Correct answer: at
9. The technique is best ineffective and at worst dangerous.
Correct answer: at
10. So far we've been received, I'd say, worst warmly and in some cases enthusiastically.
Correct answer: at
11. My husband created a lot of problems for me so that I ended bankrupt due to his gambling habits as well as ruining my career.
Correct answer: up
12. Nancy had sat up with him all night and was with him when he passed . Correct answer: away
13. He came a family of lions—a big male, a beautiful female, and two half grown cubs (幼兽).
Correct answer: upon
14. She objects the tests the Government's advisers have devised because they constrict (限制) her teaching style.
Correct answer: to
15. Local corner shops object seeing their more expensive personal service undermined by cut-price supermarket-style selling.
Correct answer: to
16. Some parents are accused being careless with their children's health. 16
Correct answer: of
17. It became difficult to promote conventional ideas of excellence without being instantly accused elitism (精英统治).
Correct answer: of
18. Managers are also accused paying themselves excessively high salaries. Correct answer: of
19. He lost his job and entered risky business ventures and eventually ended bankrupt.
Correct answer: up
20. They would remain true their old friend no matter what happened. Correct answer: to
21. Don't worry about him; maybe he's trying to cool out there in the rain. Correct answer: off
22. We were told that inspectors were appointed to enquire the affairs of the company.
Correct answer: into
23. When he heard these words, Shawn felt his inner doubts about her ability melt . Correct answer: away
24. As a player, you could always shrug defeats or deflect (转移) blame because you were part of the team, but you can't do that as a coach.
Correct answer: off
25. I offered my thanks to Oliver, and even suggested some debt restructuring by way of gratitude, but he just shrugged it .
Correct answer: off
26. You could not tell if he in fact planned that his plans should fall , or if he had never actually planned anything at all, merely wishing that things
would happen, preferably in a certain order.
Correct answer: apart
27. The work was never finished and bit by bit the building fell .
Correct answer: apart
28. The woman made no attempt to wipe the tears that streamed down her cheeks 17
as she bent down and held her son's head in her arms.
Correct answer: away
29. To understand land contracts, you just imagine that you buy a refrigerator credit.
Correct answer: on
30. They put forward a new proposal intended to pave the way the signing of a chemical weapons reduction agreement.
Correct answer: for
Unit 1 Part 8 Replacement
Directions: Replace the underlined words in the following sentences with expressions or phrases using the key word(s) supplied in brackets. Please take care to use the right word form and keep the original meaning.
1. If forced into hospital by a serious illness, these people often become bankrupt and homeless in the end. (end)
Replacement:
Correct answer: end up
2. In the United States small specialized bookshops survive quite well. The same applies to small publishers. (true)
Replacement:
Correct answer: is true of
3. This autumn, 6,000 residents will take part in the first phase of the project. (participate)
Replacement:
Correct answer: participate in
4. His wife had just died, and he didn't want to be around people. (pass)
Replacement:
Correct answer: passed away
5. People sing less than they used to except at football matches. (other than) Replacement:
Correct answer: other than
6. It is believed that overweight people are slightly more likely to have cancer than people of average weight. (risk)
Replacement:
Correct answer: run a slightly higher risk of
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7. We discovered by chance a little cottage just on the edge of the wood. (come) Replacement:
Correct answer: came upon
8. Alf asked me to join the club and he said it would make me forget my problems and feel more confident. (take)
Replacement:
Correct answer: take me out of myself
9. Human rights groups say that they oppose the proposed 50 percent reduction in the number of refugees who could be admitted to the country. (object)
Replacement:
Correct answer: object to
10. After the accident, people said the management was guilty of failing to take adequate preventive measures. (accuse)
Replacement:
Correct answer: accused the management of
11. He has spent the last three years in jail. He has been punished for what he did. (pay)
Replacement:
Correct answer: has paid for
12. Branson had fully intended not to break his promise on not seeing or communicating with Joan for three months. (word)
Replacement:
Correct answer: to keep his word
13. When money can be moved instantly on a personal computer, the whole idea of capital controls disappears gradually. (melt)
Replacement:
Correct answer: melts away
14. Any manager knows that his company will start failing if his attention wanders. (fall)
Replacement:
Correct answer: falling apart
15. They've clearly not worried about the disappointment of last week's defeat. (shrug)
Replacement:
Correct answer: shrugged off
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16. Disgusting sex discrimination still existed and could not be avoided in some parts of the country. (fact, life)
Replacement:
Correct answer: a fact of life
17. She removed a tear that had crept unnoticed onto her cheek. (wipe)
Replacement:
Correct answer: wiped away
Unit 1 Part 9 Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
1. I will hold your note until Christmas Day, _______ you certainly will have received your allowance.
A. by that time
B. at that time
C. by which time
D. at which time
Correct answer: C
2. The Prime Minister commanded that farmers ________ loans from the government.
A. would receive
B. received
C. ought to receive
D. should receive
Correct answer: D
3. They packed the instruments carefully ____ they would be broken during transportation.
A. so that
B. on condition that
C. for fear that
D. provided that
Correct answer: C
4. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim ________.
A. may be hardly doubted
B. may be seriously doubted
C. may be hard doubting
D. may be doubted serious
Correct answer: B
5. ______ hostels (客栈) may not offer the most comfortable quarters, they are convenient, inexpensive, and attractive to traveling students and young
people.
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A. respectable
B. respective
C. respectful
D. respected
Correct answer: B
19. The theory of class currently prevailing in the West is _____ based on what Max Weber, a German sociologist, proposed.
A. fairly
B. kindly
C. greatly
D. largely
Correct answer: D
20. His answer was so confused that I could hardly make any ________ of it at all.
A. interpretation
B. meaning
C. reason
D. sense
Correct answer: D
21. No one in the class could ________ the right answer to the question.
A. describe
B. furnish
C. install
D. assess
Correct answer: B
22. The dentist could ________ no signs of decay in my teeth.
A. determine
B. define
C. assign
D. detect
Correct answer: D
23. To his great joy he discovered that his ears became ________.
A. sensitive
B. aware
C. efficient
D. sensible
Correct answer: A
24. He made no ________ to his illness till after the lesson.
A. remark
B. comment
C. reference
D. opinion
Correct answer: C
25. The pilot of the plane is ________ for the passengers' safety.
A. conscious
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A. motives
B. reasons
C. ideals
D. initiatives
Correct answer: A
33. The government is trying to _____ public confidence in its management of the economy.
A. recover
B. relieve
C. preserve
D. restore
Correct answer: D
34. She was using all her powers of persuasion to ______ the Griffins to remain in the town.
A. make
B. induce
C. expel
D. tempt
Correct answer: B
35. Unless you have a heated greenhouse we feel you will have difficulty in keeping the plant for very long indoors because they like a really warm and
_______ atmosphere.
A. vivid
B. amused
C. moist
D. contaminated
Correct answer: C
36. I don't think his remarks are relevant ________ our discussion.
A. to
B. at
C. for
D. with
Correct answer: A
37. He won't succeed any way, ________ hard he tries.
A. whatever
B. no matter
C. as
D. however
Correct answer: D
38. We haven't got the right answer yet, because the problem ________ is quite complicated.
A. solved
B. is solved
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C. being solved
D. having solved
Correct answer: C
39. You must speak slowly, so that you can make yourself ________.
A. to be understood
B. understood
C. understanding
D. being understood
Correct answer: B
40. It was ________ that he didn't go to the party.
A. because he was ill
B. he was ill
C. his illness
D. because his illness
Correct answer: A
41. There's nothing on TV tonight, ________ rubbish.
A. rather than
B. more than
C. better than
D. other than
Correct answer: D
Unit 1 Part 10 Cloze (with no choices provided)
Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with one word. In each case, use the exact word that appears in your textbook.
1. Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of (1) their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. They develop a style that (2) market aggressively to
(3) popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a (4). Most would be hard pressed to tell you how they even got there. Artists cannot remain (5), though. When the performer, painter or writer becomes (6), their work begins to show a lack of (7) in its appeal and it becomes difficult to (8) the attention of the public. After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month.
Artists who do attempt to remain (9) by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor. The public simply (10) styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.
Correct answer: (1) exploiting (2) agents (3) hasten (4) blur (5) idle (6) bored (7) continuity (8) sustain (9) current (10) discounts
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Unit 1 Part 11 Cloze (with four choices provided)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank.
1. I have goals for my life, but they are not fame or fortune. But that does not mean I can just sit (1)calmquietpeacefulstill, doing nothing at all. I want
(2)accidentadventureriskchance, something unusual, exciting and even dangerous sometimes. One dream I have is to be (3)stuckstruckconfrontedstrapped into the harness of a jet and fly at twice the speed of sound. Or, I could go into space and
(4)defydenyopposeviolate gravity. On an outer space adventure, I could
(5)chasesurroundorbittwist the Earth in a spacecraft. I also would like to jump from an airplane, (6)hangwonderflysuspend in the sky and parachute (跳伞) to the ground. Or maybe I'll climb steep mountain (7)heightspeakspointsmaximums in China. It's also possible for me to (8)exploreinvestigateresearchsearch tropical jungles in Brazil. No, I'm not (9)disappointedhorriblehopelessdesperate for the spotlight. I don't want to join the (10)conquestdisputedefeatvictory of fame. I simply don't want my life to be
(11)fascinatingamazingdisgustingboring. I could go on a fantastic
(12)commissionmissionprocessionresponsibility. I could uncover
(13)sunksubmergedemergedoverwhelmed treasures in the mysterious Bermuda triangle or become a captain on a naval aircraft carrier and (14)orbitcirclecruisefloat the seven seas. Maybe I'll investigate crimes or be an attorney for the public and
(15)accusechargeblamecriticize large corporations of terrible crimes. I could catch them as they are (16)compellingmisleadingstealingcheating citizens out of their hard-earned money. Or, I could be a government agent and
(17)spyinvestigateinspectobserve on foreign countries. I could find out if they are planning a(n) (18)violationcorruptioninvasionpursuit of our mother country.
On second thought, this all seems quite (19)boringdestructivetiresomecomplicated. I take back everything that I have said. A(n) (20)worthlessidleemptyunemployed life is for me. I think that I will simply sit back in my big comfortable chair with the air-conditioning set at a perfect 24 degrees centigrade and read about someone else doing those dangerous things. This book about mining for gold will do fine.
Correct answer: (1) still (2) adventure (3) strapped (4) defy (5) orbit (6) fly (7) peaks (8) explore (9) desperate (10) conquest (11) boring (12) mission (13) submerged (14) cruise (15) accuse (16) cheating (17) spy (18) invasion (19) complicated (20) idle
2. Lured by fame and fortune, Howard Hughes became the richest man in the world. Born in Houston, Texas in 1905, Hughes' life was
(1)everythingsomethinganythingnothing but boring. He was a moviemaker, a pilot of an airliner, an inventor of ladies' underwear (内衣) and the head of a company that
(2)resigneddesignedassignedcomposed and built aircraft.
In 1924, he moved to Hollywood to (3)conquerconcludechaseenhance his dream of making movies. It was in Hollywood, (4)wherethatwhenwhich his film Two Arabian 27
Nights (1928) was a big hit, that he made a name for himself in film. It won two academy (5)rewardsgiftshonorsawards. His next film, Hell's Angels (1930), was the most expensive movie of (6)itswhosetheirwho's time and lost $1.5 million at the theaters.
In 1932, Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company, which made many
(7)approachesadvancespromotionssteps in airplane technology. After
(8)sittingapproachingsustainingentering and winning the 1934 Air Meet in Miami, Hughes built the world's most advanced aircraft. He then
(9)personallyvirtuallyexactlyspecifically strapped himself into it. He was in the
(10)restraintsutilitiesharnesschecks of the plane when it was tested. In 1935, he
(11)setputlocatedseated a new speed record, taking the plane to 352 mph. As World War II (12)reachedapproachedappearedemerged, things changed for him.
Hughes turned his full attention (13)inonforto building military aircraft.
(14)AsButHoweverMoreover he was unable to do what he promised the government, he had some troubles. He failed to (15)come outturn outwork outthink out any planes. This is why the US Senate (16)quizzedsearchedinvestigatedenquired Hughes's failure to meet his wartime contracts.
Hughes was just (17)assomoreeven famous for his fall from public grace as he was for his exploits on the big screen and in the air. After time, he realized the
(18)violencecrueltycircumstanceforce of being in the spotlight. He then became a mysterious (19)patternmodelfigureimage. Towards the end of his life, he hid away from the public's (20)lookmemoryeyefancy. He died in 1976.
Correct answer: (1) anything (2) designed (3) chase (4) where (5) awards
(6) its (7) advances (8) entering (9) personally (10) harness (11) set (12) approached (13) to (14) As (15) turn out (16) investigated (17) as (18) cruelty (19) figure (20) eye
Unit 1 Part 12 Translation from Chinese into English
Directions: Translate the following Chinese into English, using the expressions (or following the instructions) given in the brackets.
1. 除了你所在的系之外，你对学院里其他系了解吗？ (other than)
Suggested answer: What do you know about departments within the College, other than your own?
2. 除了化学外，你还在学习别的理科课程吗？ (other than)
Suggested answer: Are you taking any science courses other than chemistry?
3. 他与别人不同之处正是他对他人的完全信赖。 (with an "of" phrase)
Suggested answer: What made him different from others was his absolute trust of other people.
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4. 过上更好生活的梦想使得一个人在这个悲惨的世界上更容易忍受困难。(with an "of" phrase)
Suggested answer: Dreams of a better life make it easier for a person to endure difficulties in this sad world.
5. 他的行为遭到了大多数人的反对，他为保持真实的自我付出了惨痛的代价。(object to, pay for)
Suggested answer: Most people objected to his behavior and he paid heavily for remaining true to himself.
6. 他们家庭的好名声为他打开了通往成年人的尊敬和信任的大门。(open a door to)
Suggested answer: Their family's good name had opened a door for him to an adult's respect and trust.
7. 任何一个诚实守信的体面人都自尊自重，尊重别人，不干坏事。(keep one's word)
Suggested answer: Any decent person who keeps his or her word respects himself or herself, respects others and has never done wrong.
8. 冲突往最好处说是令人不安的，在最坏情况下是具有高度破坏性的。 (at best)
Suggested answer: Conflict is at best uncomfortable, at worst highly destructive.
9. 在过去几年中，500多名高中生因作弊而被学校开除。(be expelled from) Suggested answer: More than 500 senior school students have been expelled for cheating for the last few years.
10. 另一件烦心事是，如果丁博士出了什么事，靠他凝聚起来的团队将会随之瓦解。(fall apart)
Suggested answer: Another worry was that, if something happened to Dr. Ting, the team he held together would fall apart.
11. 为什么不试着学学他们无忧无虑的样子，抛开你的烦恼呢？ (shrug off) Suggested answer: Why not try to follow their carefree example and shrug off your worries?
12. 我们大家肯定都了解有些学生英语学得非常刻苦，可是使他们感到极度失望的是他们最终学得很糟糕。 (end up)
Suggested answer: We must all have known that some students have worked very hard on an English course, but to their intense disappointment, they end up doing badly.
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13. 经过长久的、精心的准备，他能够十分熟悉地演奏音乐，不必担心出错。 (without fear of)
Suggested answer: After long and careful preparation, he was able to play music with full knowledge and without fear of error.
14. 我确实相信他们20年来自己没有任何资本，而是完全靠赊欠在从事买卖。 (on credit)
Suggested answer: I really believe they have not had any capital for 20 years, but were trading entirely on credit.
15. 更严重的刑事诉讼首先由警方进行调查，目的是为了弄清楚是否有足够的证据进一步推进诉讼。(criminal cases, enquire into)
Suggested answer: More serious criminal cases are first enquired into by the police to see if there is sufficient evidence for the case to go further.
16. 与政府官员谈判的进一步努力失败了，人群失望地慢慢散去。(melt away) Suggested answer: Further attempts at negotiation with the government officials having failed, the crowd melted away with disappointment.
17. 第一架商用喷气式飞机的到来为更加快捷的环球旅行铺平了道路。 (pave the way)
Suggested answer: The coming of the first commercial jet paved the way for faster and faster travel around the world.
18. 埃尔维斯 (Elvis) 属于世间绝无仅有的那种人，还没有任何一个明星能与他相比。(they broke the mold when they made someone/something)
Suggested answer: They broke the mold when they made Elvis. There's never been a star to match him.
19. 他对冒险的探求使得他放弃了这公司并和一个朋友在20xx年驾船周游了世界。 (quest for
Suggested answer: His quest for adventure led him to give up the business and sail around the world with a friend in 2006.
Unit 1 Part 13 Translation from English into Chinese
Directions: Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.
1. All courses are examined at the end of the year in which they are taught, but students have the option of having up to 50 per cent of their work assessed by methods other than formal examinations.
Suggested answer: 所有的课程都要在所授学年末进行考试，但是学生可以选择正式考试之外的其他方式来评定其不超过50%的课程。
2. It is an offence to sell liquors other than of the types specified in the licence. 30
Suggested answer: 出售未被列入许可证的酒类，当视作犯罪。
3. The advancement of our research project will come at a cost.
Suggested answer: 推进我们的研究项目会有代价的。
4. The attainment of wealth is seen by many to be the meaning of life.
Suggested answer: 获取财富被许多人看作是人生的意义。
5. I think they broke the mold when they made Ronnie. He was a man of strong principles and integrity.
Suggested answer: 我认为罗尼跟别人不一样，他这人很讲原则，十分正直。
6. They believe that most professional artists need to exploit a variety of methods for selling their work.
Suggested answer: 他们相信大多数职业艺术家需要用尽各种方法去出售他们的作品。
7. It is rare for a child to sustain interest in reading material that is completely beyond him or her.
Suggested answer: 一个孩子能对完全超出他或她水平的读物保持阅读兴趣是很少见的。
8. You shouldn't discount the possibility of losing your readers if you change your writing style.
Suggested answer: 你不应该忽视这种可能性：你改变自己的写作风格的话你会失去读者。
9. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form and gained them fame and fortune.
Suggested answer: 他们鲜明独特的风格标志着形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收。
10. The judge seconded my call to have the man pay for damaging my name, and fined him.
Suggested answer: 法官支持了我提出的要那个男子赔偿损毁我名声的请求并对他罚了款。
11. The doctor has simply deleted the word "loving" which is, at best, unnecessary and, at worst, misleading in that sentence.
Suggested answer: 那位医生直接就把loving那个词删除了；loving这个词在那句子中往最好处说没必要，在最坏情况下具有误导性。
12. Whenever we go out to dinner with them, I always end up paying the bill. Suggested answer: 无论何时我跟他们一起出去吃饭，最终总是我付钱。 31
13. In either case, we shall be accused of presenting a one-sided view in our report. Suggested answer: 无论在两者中哪种情况，我们都将被指责在我们的报告中只提出一种片面的看法。
14. The firm will be accused of distributing software illegally as part of its service to customers.
Suggested answer: 这家公司将被指控非法供应软件作为其为客户服务的一部分。
15. About two thousand people were killed, while hundreds of thousands were imprisoned (监禁) or expelled from their homeland.
Suggested answer: 大约有2,000个人丧生，而成千上万的人被监禁或被驱除出自己的家园。
16. At last I will develop much more confidence in myself, more confidence in my ability to do whatever I want to do without fear of failure, and without fear of the consequences.
Suggested answer: 最终我会对自己产生多得多的信心，对自己想做的任何事情，我对自己的能力都有更多信心，不必担心失败，不必担心会产生什么后果。
17. Mostly, they bought on credit because they did not have the cash, or because it would take them too long to save it up.
Suggested answer: 通常，他们用赊购方式购买东西，因为他们没有现金，或者因为要积攒那笔钱的时间太长。
18. And as soon as we begin to enquire into the meaning of the term, we discover that it has been and still is understood in a variety of different ways.
Suggested answer: 当我们一开始查究那条术语意义时，发现这条术语直到现在仍然被理解成不同的意思。
19. What happens to the aspirations of youth as we grow older? Do they just melt away?
Suggested answer: 当我们变老时，年轻时的抱负怎么了？它们就慢慢消失了吗？
20. The military withdrawal paved the way for the civilian development of the site, though details of the early occupation in the town centre have proved difficult to define.
Suggested answer: 尽管军队早先对市中心占领的许多细节很难界定，可是军队的撤退为该地方民用发展铺平了道路。
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Unit 1 Part 14 Skimming and Scanning (True or False Questions + Blank Filling) Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose Y (YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage, choose N (NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage, choose NG (NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Passage 1
Should You Be the Boss?
Soul-searching questions for teachers considering administration.
As a teacher, you manage the needs of 20 or more students at one time. Try handling 200, even 20,000 children—along with their teachers, parents, principals, and school boards. If that situation excites you, you may have what it takes to be a school administrator. In fact, 98 percent of all school administrators come from the teaching ranks, says Emil J. Haller, professor of educational administration at Cornell University. Opportunities are there. Most districts have a variety of administrators, from assistant principal to director of curriculum to superintendent (负责人), the person who manages all of the schools in a district.
What is it like to give up the direct daily contact with children for a broader role in administration? Instructors spoke with teachers-turned-administrators to find out what teachers should ask themselves before pursuing a position in the ranks of administration.
Do you have a passion for education? A desire to spread your vision?
"I had a certain conviction about the learning environment for kids," says Georgene Mais, director of elementary instruction in the 21,000-student Birdville school district, outside Fort Worth, Texas. She felt driven, she says, "to create that learning environment" for an entire campus and to be a positive influence "within the whole community." That kind of drive motivates some teachers to leave the daily triumph of seeing that light of understanding flash in a child's eyes. Others see administration simply as a different kind of teaching.
Nancy Villarreal, an assistant superintendent in the Newark school district, with 7,800 students, in the San Francisco Bay area, believes administration is the ultimate teaching experience. "What I do gives me additional opportunities to work with adults in a broader perspective," she says. "I've begun to look on all of us as learners. Some of us are adult learners; some are student learners."
As a principal you in effect keep teaching—teaching teachers. Paul Scwartz, principal in residence for the US Department of Education, says the job has been changing. "I think people are beginning to rethink the image of the principalship," he says. "It's becoming less a job for managers or administrators and much more involved with accountability, with issues of teaching and learning."
Sometimes educators are motivated by "a desire for change," a desire for a new challenge, as in the case of Karen Beckers, who changed jobs several times in
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her career in the 2,200-student school district of Greenfield, Wisconsin. She entered administration as an elementary curriculum coordinator. When the position was eliminated due to declining enrollment, she returned to the classroom. "Those next years were probably the best of my career," she says, because she had a deeper understanding of curriculum design. Five years later, though she was "still having a good time teaching," she returned to administration. In 1997 she retired after 33 years as an educator—the last eight as principal.
If you feel you should begin work in administration, you must be prepared for major changes, like moving. Dennis Smith, Ph.D., now superintendent of the Orange County public school district in Florida, knew that he wanted to be a principal when he began teaching in Phoenix, Arizona. After five years he became assistant principal there. A year later, at age 27, he landed his first principalship in Tucson. Next he was assistant superintendent and then took over as superintendent a year later, at age 34, in Laguna Beach, California. As superintendent, he moved from three different districts in California to his present post in Florida. His career progression went smoothly not only because he was willing and able to move but also because his spouse, a teacher, was willing and able to move with him.
Will you work more days and longer hours?
Although administrative positions may pay more than teaching salaries, they often require more hours on the job. Principals, for instance, work an average of
220 days a year, whereas teachers are more likely to work 180 to 185 days. In addition to school gatherings and site visits to classrooms, administrators must attend after-hours events—school board meetings and ceremonial functions.
Often administrative positions require postgraduate degrees, though specific requirements vary from state to state and district to district. Most principals
have master's degrees, and many superintendents have PhDs. You may also have to brush up in other areas. For instance, former principal Beckers notes, "Many teachers who become principals have to learn a great deal about special education, and it's extremely enriching."
Are you a very organized problem solver?
Administrative positions often involve doing a lot of paperwork, such as budget reports and staff evaluations—even more than that required of teachers.
You'll need to make priorities and coordinate the diverse tasks in your new workload, along with those of your staff. Expect constantly to shift roles, from troubleshooter (调解人) to long-range planner to diplomat. Beckers warns, "If you're not a list maker or a time keeper, you'll have some problems."
Principals find that if they are not careful, special events can take away from the time they need to work with teachers.
Are you a team builder and a leader?
Administrators are facilitators and consensus builders, but they must also give strong direction and leadership. The position of curriculum developer requires working in teams and reporting to the central office. While following the direction of your superiors, you will also want to provide teachers with a curriculum that excites them. It's a balancing act. Dennis Smith notes that, as superintendent, he tries "to provide a 34
clear direction for an entire school district and community." Sometimes building the consensus means putting aside your own ideas. One of his biggest challenges, Smith says, was working with board members who fought among themselves.
Career Options
The following positions can be found nationwide, though the descriptions may vary from district to district.
Superintendent
Provides leadership for a school district; helps the school board identify goals; and keeps the entire school system and community focused on instructional needs. ($86,111)
Assistant Superintendent
Provides teacher and principal support as a contact with the central office; is often involved in curriculum and instruction development. ($75,833)
Principal
Supervises staff; interacts with students; is responsible for student discipline and management; has some authority over the school's budget. ($62,900-$72,400)
Assistant Principal
With principal, is responsible for student discipline and management; is often involved in teacher evaluations and staff meetings with principal. ($52,300-$59,700)
Director of Curriculum and/or Instruction
Implements state curriculum orders; designs curriculum. Also called chairman or coordinator. ($60,209)
Director of Special Education/Special Services
Implements specific state rules and regulations with regard to special-needs students; office has responsibility for all children with special needs. ($46,725)
Other positions in your district may include...
Directors and/or coordinators (and support staff) in information technology, assessment, government programs, minority teacher recruitment, student teaching, home schooling, job training, and students in hospitals.
1. This passage is most probably designed for teachers who want to pursue the positions of school administrators at different levels.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
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Correct answer: A
2. As a basic requirement, every school administrator in the US must have some sort of teaching experience.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Correct answer: B
3. Some teachers want to become school administrators, partly because they are driven to broaden their work to include the whole school and the community.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Correct answer: A
4. School administrators are quite different from school teachers in that they are fully involved in the management of adult learners rather than student learners.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Correct answer: B
5. As to Karen Beckers, the best years of her career as an educator were spent as a teacher before serving as a principal.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Correct answer: A
6. The making of a school administrator requires dedication and support of family members.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Correct answer: C
7. School teachers are paid less in salary than principals, but their annual working hours are a bit longer on average.
A. Y
B. N
C. NG
Correct answer: B
8. Since school administrators have diverse duties and tasks to perform, they are constantly expected to .
Correct answer: shift roles
9. A position that calls for teamwork and the ability to strike a balance between superiors and teachers in the setting of class material is .
Correct answer: curriculum developer
10. At school, both principal and assistant principal are supposed to hold the 36
responsibility for .
Correct answer: student discipline and management
Unit 1 Part 15 Skimming and Scanning (Multiple Choice + Blank Filling)
Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Passage 1
Ending School Violence
Since the tragedy at Columbine High School last spring, schools have been rushing to add new security measures. Will these work? Or are other changes needed to protect students?
The bullet holes placed in the walls have been covered over. The halls have been repainted. Bloody carpet has been replaced. But for many students at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, no amount of redecoration can wipe away the bitter memory of the shooting that took 15 lives there on April 20, 1999.
School shootings from Mississippi to Oregon have left many students feeling afraid for their safety in school. Littleton was not the first such tragedy. But it was the most violent in recent years. According to Ronald Stephens, president of the National School Safety Council, "Littleton changed the landscape," on school safety issues. Since April, politicians, school administrators, parents, and students have been searching for answers about how to prevent tragedies like Littleton from happening again.
How Violent Are Schools?
Although the stories from Littleton and other schools have been horrifying, crime in schools is actually declining. In 1993, there were 164 crimes for every 1,000 students ages 12 to 18. In 1996, the number had dropped to 128 per 1,000. Furthermore, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP), less than one percent of all murders among schoolchildren ages 5-19 happen in or around school grounds or on the way to or from school. Still, many experts believe that is not good enough. The CDCP study warns that "the occurrence of youth violence and school violence is still unacceptably high."
Stronger Security
What are schools doing to reduce violence? "We've been in numerous meetings with school counselors, police, and other principals to develop a plan to meet the needs of our schools," Bert Ammerman, a high school principal in New Jersey, said. He's not alone. At Williams Bay High School in Wisconsin, the police held practice school-shooting drills over the summer.
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In Coweta County, Georgia, students must carry books in see-through bags so that they can't hide guns.
Other schools are adopting strict dress codes and requiring that backpacks be checked often. Some schools are setting up hot lines or are encouraging students to tell a teacher if a classmate threatens to hurt himself or herself or others. "Our kids are still our best eyes and ears," said Ammerman.
Sometimes, school security measures conflict with personal rights. Debra Jacobs of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) said the organization has been "flooded" by calls from parents and students who complain that schools have been violating student First Amendment rights to free expression. For instance, a high school student in Marble Hill, Missouri, was failed for a whole semester because he posted a Web site on his home computer that was critical of his high school. "Banning all expression will make it difficult to identify kids who really need help," Jacobs said.
Helping Troubled Teens
Many experts say that adding more security measures is not enough. Ronald Stephens of the National School Safety Council said that one good way to stop crime is to help kids before trouble starts. "Teachers need to look for early warning signs and provide counseling and support for kids who are at risk."
One example is helping programs that pair a troubled teen with a caring grown-up. Such programs have been shown to reduce the risk that troubled students will become criminals. Programs that give young people a place to hang out after school have helped to reduce crime, because most criminal acts by young people take place between 3:00 and 8:00 p.m.
Many schools are putting programs in place to protect children from bigger, stronger kids. According to experts, children who are pushed around and intimidated by other children, and those who do the intimidating, are at higher risk for emotional problems. Columbine High School, which has had problems with this in the past, is adding a program to prevent intimidating behavior. Frank DeAngelis, the school's principal, said, "At Columbine High School, we will have zero tolerance for cruelty, discrimination, violence, and intimidation."
Society's Responsibility
Many experts believe that the shootings at Columbine and other schools are not just a school problem. They say that problems in American society also play a role. Some experts say there is too much violence in the media, including movies, music, and TV. The American Academy of Young People's Health has urged a limit to the amount of TV kids watch because it is too violent.
President and Mrs. Clinton recently made a series of public service announcements for television. In one ad, the President tells parents: "Our children need our help to deal with tough issues like violence. Please talk to your kids. Help them understand." President Clinton also announced $15 million in grants to schools and organizations that fight school-related crimes.
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Not everyone agrees that media violence is a major cause of violence by kids. "Many young people view violent movies and video games, but most of them do not shoot up their schools as a result," Debra Jacobs of the ACLU said. Sociologist Bonnie Berry agrees. "I think the problem is guns," she said. "A lot of people are saying that young people today are more set apart than they were. I don't think so. But they do have access to lots of guns, and to dangerous guns."
The statistics paint a sad picture. Nearly 90 percent of murders of people ages 15 to 24 are caused by guns. In June, a bill was proposed in Congress to limit selling guns at gun shows. The measure failed to pass.
Bob Levy of the conservative Cato Institute said that he doesn't believe we need new gun laws. "We have all the laws we need, but we don't enforce them," he said. Education Secretary Richard Riley said, "This country has really created a culture of violence in which it is very easy to have access to guns.
Americans really do need to stop and think about what is happening."
Inexcusable Behavior
Many experts say that no matter what provoked the Littleton shooters, the killing of young people is inexcusable. Bert Ammerman said, "You don't shoot people because your parents are divorced, or you're intimidated, or your girlfriend broke up with you. It's unacceptable!"
Students Take Action
Students are taking action to stop school violence.
Ms. Heather Beck's sociology classes in Lakewood, Colorado, have started a campaign to collect "I will" pledges from students around the country. Students who sign the pledge promise, among other things, to "be part of the solution" and to "do my part to make my community a safe place by being more sensitive to others."
After the Columbine killings, kids in Colorado started an organization called Sane Alternatives to the Gun Epidemic in Colorado, which lobbies for stronger gun-control laws. They are trying to expand their organization across the US As Ben Gelt, 18, one of organization's founders, told the Denver Post, "I believe that if students can organize, they can bring about change."
1. In the first paragraph, the author is asking ________________.
A. whether students will work with new security
B. whether tragedies will happen at a high school
C. whether new security measures will be effective
D. whether schools will change so they can protect students
Correct answer: C
2. The Littleton tragedy was ________________.
A. the first such tragedy
B. the most violent
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C. the most recent
D. the one with the most issues
Correct answer: B
3. What is Principal Bert Ammerman doing to reduce violence? ________________
A. He is having dress codes set up.
B. He is having school-shooting drills.
C. He is having students carry new bags.
D. He is having meetings to make plans.
Correct answer: D
4. Parents are complaining to the ACLU, because ________________.
A. classmates are hurting themselves
B. students are failing to be safe
C. the ACLU is posting a web site
D. schools are violating student rights
Correct answer: D
5. What need teachers do to help kids before trouble starts? ________________
A. They need to add more security measures.
B. They need to look for early warning signs.
C. They need to find good ways to stop crime.
D. They need to consult the National School Safety Council.
Correct answer: B
6. ________________ is/are too common in the media, according to many experts.
A. Problems
B. Violence
C. Young people
D. Intimidation
Correct answer: B
7. According to sociologist Bonnie Berry, school violence is caused by ________________.
A. media violence
B. shooting up the schools
C. access to dangerous guns
D. youths being set apart
Correct answer: C
8. According to Bob Levy, society does not need .
Correct answer: new gun laws
9. No matter what the cause is, it is inexcusable and unacceptable to kill . Correct answer: young people
10. Sane Alternatives to the Gun Epidemic is a student group that fights for . Correct answer: stronger gun-control laws
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Unit 1 Part 16 Reading Comprehension (Banked Cloze)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.
1. Michael Jackson achieved his fame at a very young age. He and his brothers formed the group, the Jackson Five. Their appeal was hard to
(1)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred and they quickly became superstars.
Little Michael sang into the microphone and his brothers backed him up. Some sang and some were musicians and together they made great music. Even their father took part as the agent for the band. When Michael went solo (单飞), he became the most famous
(2)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred star of his generation.
Unfortunately, the plot became more
(3)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred after that. The media followed Michael everywhere writing stories that
(4)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred many in the public to turn their back on him. It didn't help that Michael
(5)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred many surgeries on his face changing his appearance. He began to shy away from the public. His chambers only saw the company of a select few. After that he was
(6)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred of sexual crimes. His attorneys (7) undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred hard to prove his innocence, but by that time, it no longer mattered what the judge decided. His lawyers could not
(8)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred the public's notion that he was to be pitied rather than admired. The life of Michael Jackson
(9)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred how difficult life can be for a child star. Many others who have(10)undertookunderminesunderwentunderlineslaboredresistaccusedencountercompounddiscountcomplicatedconquestsprayedpopspurred over fame so early have met similar fates. It really emphasizes how important a real childhood is to a person.
Correct answer: (1) resist (2) pop (3) complicated (4) spurred (5) underwent
(6) accused (7) labored (8) discount (9) underlines (10) conquest
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2. Standing at the microphone, looking out at the thousands of worshipping fans, the young musician asked himself, "Is this what life is really about?" He had hardly had time to think about it on the express elevator to the top. It seemed like yesterday when his band was playing at local
(1)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased.
Now they were
(2)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased in their instruments on stadium stages. Don't these people have anything better to do with their time?" he wondered. "Are they so
(3)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased that they'll listen to any bunch of average musicians who play really loud?" He had become so pessimistic by the time they started playing that he had a hard time keeping his
(4)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased and made several mistakes. But the
(5)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased didn't even notice. When the concert was over he
(6)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased his instrument to the stage and walked off.
The very next day found him walking on a tropical beach. He had
(7)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased his band and was trying to relax. A young fan recognized him and
(8)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased him. "Jack, is it really you?" the kid asked excitedly as he walked into his
(9)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased hotel. He smiled at the kid and said, "Actually yes." Being at the top had for a moment
(10)curbedchasedblurredpluggingair-conditioneddesertedcomprehensionquitconcentrationslammedfansbotheredbarsboredpurchased his whole concept of reality. Now, with his feet planted firmly on the ground, he felt more like himself than he had in over a year.
Correct answer: (1) bars (2) plugging (3) bored (4) concentration (5) fans
(6) slammed (7) quit (8) chased (9) air-conditioned (10) blurred
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Unit 1 Part 17 Reading Comprehension (Short Answer Questions)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and give brief answers to the questions.
Passage 1
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".
If the process goes too far and man's role is regarded as less important—and that has happened in some cases—we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.
It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of moms being so important—but we don't want to exchange it for dads taking great control again. What is needed, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that social workers on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit—nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man's place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. The place of man in the home is also relevant to the healthy development of the child.
The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism (权力主义；命令主义) has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent (有关的) not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.
1. Why couldn't men remain dominant in the family any longer?
Suggested answer: Roles not separated and household tasks shared.
2. What should be recognized on the issue of child rearing?
Suggested answer: It involves a partnership of both parents.
3. What have social workers come to realize about men?
Suggested answer: They play a part in the family.
4. How can each family solve their own troubles?
Suggested answer: In its own way.
5. What will bring about satisfactory results to a family?
Suggested answer: The equality between husband and wife.
Passage 2
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A major sociological theory known as symbolic interactionism offers some important insights into how men and women are taught to fill different roles in society. The key concept in symbolic interactionism is that communication makes a big difference in behavior, people act on the basis of messages they receive from others, and how they understand those messages. This can be seen in a concept developed by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley known as the looking glass self.
By the looking glass self, Cooley meant the self-image that each of us develops according to the messages we receive from others; we think and act according to our understanding of those messages. If, for example, a young girl is repeatedly told that she is pretty, she will come to believe that she is in fact pretty and being pretty is an important thing in her life. Similarly, if she is told that she is not good (or not expected to be good) at certain things (such as math), she will come to believe that she is not good at such things and would be better off working at things she can be successful at. The likely product is a young woman who devotes a great deal of attention to her appearance, regards being pretty as a key to success in life, and who is intimidated by anything involving numbers.
Since we know that young girls are given messages like these, and that young boys are given different messages, we can see a good part of how sex roles are taught. There is little or no evidence of differences in what young girls and young boys can do, but the older children become, the greater the differences in the areas in which boys and girls are likely to excel.
1. What is the writer's attitude toward symbolic interactionism?
Suggested answer: Approving.
2. What clue does the looking-glass self give us about children's learning? Suggested answer: How children learn to perform different roles.
3. What does the word "intimidated" mean in the second paragraph?
Suggested answer: It means "made afraid".
4. How will people react if they are given a message about themselves over and over again?
Suggested answer: They will believe it and behave accordingly.
5. What is the writer's primary purpose of writing this passage?
Suggested answer: To explain the influence of communication on people's behavior.
Unit 1 Part 18 Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Passage 1
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred (上帝的) texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out 44
of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic (施虐狂的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. As to fear, I think, we also need well-documented cases of children being dangerously terrified (恐惧) by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches (女巫), two-headed dragons, magic carpets (魔毯), etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging (沉溺) his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick (女巫乘骑的扫帚柄) or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted (中魔法的) girl-friend.
No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane (精神健全的) child has ever believed that it was.
1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______.
A. repeated without variation
B. treated with respect
C. adapted by the parent
D. set in the present
Correct answer: C
2. Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they ________.
A. tempt people to be cruel to children
B. show the primitive cruelty in children
C. lend themselves to undesirable experiments with children
D. increase a tendency to have sadistic impulses in children
Correct answer: D
3. According to the passage great fear can be stimulated in a child when the story is ________.
A. set in reality
B. heard for the first time
C. repeated too often
D. dramatically told
Correct answer: B
4. The author's mention of broomsticks and telephones is meant to suggest that ________.
A. fairy stories are still being made up
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B. there is confusion about different kinds of truth
C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
Correct answer: B
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Fairy stories are anything but beneficial to the growth of children.
B. Fairy stories teach children the way to adapt to the society.
C. No fairy story should be taken as the true description of the reality.
D. No fairy story should be told to the children without modification. Correct answer: C
Passage 2
Standing alone at the Browns' party, Anna Mackintosh thought about her husband Edward, establishing him clearly in her mind's eye. He was a thin man, forty-one years of age, with fair hair that was often untidy. In the seventeen years they'd been married he had changed very little; he was still nervous with other people, and smiled in the same embarrassed way, and his face was still almost boyish.
She believed she had failed him because he had wished for children and she had not been able to supply any. She had, over the years, become neurotic (神经机能病的) about this fact and in the end, quite some time ago now, she had consulted a psychiatrist (精神病学家), Dr. Abbat, at Edward's pleading (恳求).
In the Browns' rich drawing room, its walls and ceiling gleaming (发微光) with a metallic (金属般的) surface of imitation gold, Anna listened to dance music coming from a tape recorder and continued to think about her husband.
In a moment he would be at the party, since they had agreed to meet there, although by now it was three-quarters of an hour later than the time he had promised.
The Browns were people he knew in a business way, and he had said he thought it wise that he and Anna should attend this gathering of theirs. She had never met them before, which made it more difficult for her, having to wait about, not knowing a soul in the room.
When she thought about it she felt hard done by, for although Edward was kind to her and always had been, it was far from considerate to be as late as this. Because of her nervous condition she felt afraid and had developed a sickness in her stomach. She looked at her watch and sighed.
1. Why did Anna feel awkward at the party?
A. She came to the party too early.
B. She was neglected by the host.
C. She felt uncomfortable with the atmosphere of the party.
D. She didn't know anyone there.
Correct answer: D
2. What made Anna feel inadequate?
A. She did not make a good mother to her children.
B. She was unable to satisfy her husband's desire to have children.
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C. She did not get along well with her husband.
D. She was unable to have a better understanding of her husband.
Correct answer: B
3. As time went by, Anna started to get angry as ________.
A. she found the Browns were much wealthier than they were
B. her husband was usually more thoughtful
C. she noticed that no one was willing to talk to her
D. her husband was bad-mannered in the party
Correct answer: B
4. According to the passage, Edward wanted Anna to attend the party because ________.
A. he wanted her to have more of a social life
B. he tried to distract her from some unpleasant thoughts
C. he needed her support
D. he thought she would impress the Browns
Correct answer: C
5. What kind of woman Anna was according to the passage?
A. Sensitive and worried.
B. Open and talkative.
C. Imaginative and cheerful.
D. Sensible and easygoing.
Correct answer: A
Passage 3
In the primary school, a child is in a comparatively simple setting and most of the time forms a relationship with one familiar teacher. On entering secondary school, a new world opens up and frequently it is a much more difficult world. The pupil soon learns to be less free in the way he speaks to teachers and even to his fellow pupils. He begins to lose gradually the free and easy ways of the primary school, for he senses the need for a more cautious approach in the secondary school where there are older pupils. Secondary staff and pupils suffer from the pressures of academic work and seem to have less time to stop and talk. Teachers with specialist roles may see hundreds of children in a week, and a pupil may be able to form relationships with very few of the staff. He has to decide which adults are approachable; good schools will make clear to every young person from the first year what guidance and personal help is available—but whether the reality of life in the institution actually encourages requests for help is another matter.
Adults often forget what a confusing picture school can offer to a child. He sees a great deal of movement, a great number of people—often rather frightening-looking people—and realizes that an increasing number of choices and decisions have to be made. As he progresses through the school the confusion may become less but the choices and decisions required will increase. The school will rightly expect the pupil to take the first steps to obtain the help he needs, for this is the pattern of adult life for which he has to be prepared, but all the time the opportunities for personal and group 47
advice must be presented in a way which makes them easy to understand and within easy reach of pupils.
1. According to the passage one of the problems for pupils entering secondary schools is that ________.
A. they are taught by many different teachers
B. they do not attend lessons in every subject
C. the teachers are not so friendly and helpful
D. the teachers give most attention to a few pupils
Correct answer: A
2. In secondary schools every pupil having problems should ________.
A. know how to ask for help
B. go to ask any teacher he can find
C. discuss his problem in class
D. turn to his parents for help
Correct answer: A
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the author is mainly concerned about ________.
A. academic standards
B. the role of specialist teachers
C. the training of the individual teachers
D. the personal development of pupils
Correct answer: D
4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. All the secondary schools know the way to encourage students' requests for help.
B. The secondary schools are responsible for offering personal and group advice to new pupils.
C. Secondary school pupils enjoy greater freedom in communicating with teachers and fellow pupils.
D. Secondary school pupils can easily get the help they need.
Correct answer: B
5. The most appropriate title for the passage is ________.
A. Primary School and Secondary School
B. Problems for New Secondary School Teachers
C. Problems for New Secondary School Pupils
D. Academic Work and Personal Relationship
Correct answer: C
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