一、不用被动语态动词：（1）have 有 （2）look,sound,smell,taste

等连系动词（3）take place /happen （4）get to/arrive(at/in)/reach到达（5）rise升起,上升6）ring(铃响)（7）begin/start开始（8）lie躺，说谎

※The book sells well.(这本卖得好)※The meat cooks well. （9）return(回来，回归—不用被动，归还—可用被动语态) （10）leave(离开—不用被动语态，留下/遗忘—可用被动语态)

二、常用被动语态：

（1）be located in

(2)be covered with (3)be called （4）be made of(in/from) (5)be made up of (6)be set for （7）be told被高知(tell后没人) (8)be asked to do sth(9)be invited to do sth

（10）be dressed up as (11)be cut down

(12)be eaten up （13）be knocked over (14)be thrown away

(15)be written in

（16）be welcomed by

(17)be used for doing sth/to do sth

三、动词不定式的省to形式的被动语态：（变被动时，要还原to）

※make sb do sth—be made to do sth）

※see sb do sth/watch sb do sth/hear sb do sth/notice sb do sth

四、动词后面跟双宾语：

( 人在物前不用介词，物在人前要用介词to或for) –只需将其中的一个宾语（要么人，要么物）变成被动语态的主语

注意:make/buy/draw常与for连用 e.g. make sth for sb/buy sth for sb

五、“动词+副词”或“动词+介词“结构

在变成被动语态后，介词或副词不能漏掉 (1)We must look after our eyes.

Our eyes must be looked after by us. (2)How did you deal with the dog? How was the dog dealt with by you?

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六、谓语动词用主动表被动的情形

（1） 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式：

That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。 Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。 My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。

（2）表示“需要，值得，应当受到，经受”等意义的动词bear/deserve/need/repay/

require/stand/want + 动名词。如： This chapter needs rewriting. 这一章需要重写。 Your hair needs/wants cutting. 你需要理发。

This problem requires discussing in detail. 这个问题需要详细讨论。 The naughty boy deserved punishing. 这个淘气的孩子应该受到惩罚。 （3）be worth + 动名词，表示“某事值得做”，含有被动意义。如: The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。

The question is worth further discussing. 这个问题值得进一步讨论。 It's hardly worth troubling about. 这事几乎不值得操心。

（4）“have/get + 宾语 + 过去分词”结构，意义为“（使宾语)被做成”，称为使役法，表示被动意义。如：

You'd better have that tooth pulled out. 你最好把那颗牙拔掉。 They got a photograph taken together. 他们一起照了张像。

（5） 当动词不定式作后置定语时，如果动词不定式与其所修饰的名词在逻辑是动宾关系，即中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语，这时常用不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：

I have a letter to send .(=I have a letter that I'm going to send.) 我有封信要寄。 The next thing to consider(=be considered)was food. 要考虑的下一件事就是食品。

There are many difficulties to overcome. 有许多困难需要克服。 某些习惯用法。如：

The children were not to blame for the accident. 这些孩子不应因意外事故受到责备。

The room is to rent. 这房子要出租。

(6) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。 【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t, won’t 等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同：

The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)

The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题，只是不用关)

有时可能用主动和被动形式均可，只是强调重点稍有不同： Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者) The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者) (7) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：

The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。 The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。

This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。 This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。

【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态，只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性，用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作)：

The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义) The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好)

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另外，以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态： The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。 Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?

(8) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义：

When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。 七、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形

1. 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义：

The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。

Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? 2.有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动表被动： It’s a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。

It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。

3. 有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可：The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。

The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。 4.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义：

I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。 I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。

I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较： I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)

5. 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：

Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。

He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语，则应用被动式，比较：

He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。

He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room. 他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。

但有时两者区别不大：

Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。

6. 不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式，有时含义差不多：

There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。

但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb，用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb)：

There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)

There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)

There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)

There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)

7. 涉及副词enough和too的主动表被动。在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式)：

The writing is too faint to read [to be read]. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。

These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。

3 但在某些特别强调被动意义的语境中，可能用被动式更恰当： He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低，听不见。 He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 他太年轻，不能送到美国去深造。

第二篇：被动语态的构成与用法(一对一)

被动语态的构成与用法

主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。

1.一般现在时 is/am/are+P.P.

2.一般过去时 was/were+P.P.

3.一般将来时 will be+P.P.

4.现在进行时 is/am/are+being(固定不变)+P.P.

5.过去进行时 was/were+being(固定不变)+P.P.

6.现在完成时 have/has been+P.P.

7.过去完成时 had been+P.P.

【口诀注释】 ①“一般现、过用be +V.P.P.，be有人称、时、数变” 即一般现在时，一般过去时，用be +V.P.P.格式,be动词有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。 ⒈一般现、过用be+V.P.P., be有人称、时、数变 eg A

主动The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

被动He is regarded as brilliant by people.

以上两例都是一般时态用be+V.P.P.的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以“be+V.P.P.”就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的“be+V.P.P.”就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。

This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态)

Two people were killed and twelve were injured.

A note was passed up to the speaker.

⒉完成时态have+V.P.P.，被动将been加中间

(过去完成时had+V.P.P.也包括在内)。

eg A 主动We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school. 被动English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school.

eg B

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主动They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被动100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

⒊一般将来shall (will)+ V.原形，被动变V.原形为be V.P.P.

即由shall+V.原形或will+V.原形变为shall be+V.P.P.或will be+ V.P.P.。

eg A

主动We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year. 中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)

eg B

主动I shall send my second boy to school next September.

My second boy will be sent to school next September.

被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone ,no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。

eg E

主动The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future. 被动More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.

egs F

More peaceful uses will be found for unclear explosives in the future. More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now.

(make...come true 使……成为事实;come true做宾补)

█过去将来时

主动would+V.原形，被动be+V.P.P.代原形。

⒋将来进行无被动，shall (will) be+V.ing,

⒌现在完成进行同，have (has) been+V.ing

“将来进行时”表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行。

“现在完成进行时”表示某行为发生在过去．延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。 两种时态则不用被动语态。

egs

We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时)

In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时) We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power. What will you be doing this evening?（将来进行时)

I have been living in Anshan Since 1980．(现在完成进行时)

How long have you been studying English? (现在完成进行时)

以上均无被动态。

⒍ 现、过进行be V.ing，被动be加being+ V.P.P.

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即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加V.ing。而被动态则是be加上being+V.P.P.的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如：

eg A

主动The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast

被动The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

egs

Two reservoirs are being built at the same time.

Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas.

同步练习：

一，单选

1, Maria at 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school.

A. was woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. is woken up

2， to the Talk Show on CCTV-1 last weekend.

A. invites B. invited C. was invited

3. The World Cup in Germany now.

A. being had B. is having C. is holding D. is being held

4. A: some of the plastic bags can’t after June 1.

B: Yes, people will use environmental bags instead.

A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used

不用被动语态的情况（只作了解） 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：

eg appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last,

lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep

silence, lose heart, take place.

不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。

Compare： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 (?)The price has been risen.

(?) The price has risen.

(?) The accident was happened last week.

(?) The accident happened last week.

(?) The price has raised.

(?) The price has been raised.

(?) Please seat.

(?) Please be seated.

要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 ⒉不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

eg fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with,

arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to,

take part in, walk into, belong to

主动语态变被动语态的方法：

1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；把谓语动词变成被动结构；把主动语态的主 3

语放在介词by 后作它的宾语，人称代词主格变为宾格。

They have painted their new house

→ Their new house has been painted by them

2. by短语通常跟在谓语动词后，并且常可省略。

The window was cleaned (by the students) ten minutes ago

注意： let, make, have, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, listen to 等放在主动语态中后跟不带to 的不定式，在变为被动语态时，要加上to.

They made the workers work 14 hours a day. 他们让工人每天工作14个小时。

→The workers were made to work 14 hours a day.

同步练习：

一．把下列主动语态的句子改为被动语态。

1， Today more and more people around the world speak Chinese.

Today Chinese by more and more people around the world

2. My mother hid all my favourite storybooks before my last exams.

All my favourite story books my mother before my last exams

3. My father made me a cake on my birthday.

A cake on my birthday.

课外作业练习：

一．主动改被动，每空一词。

1，Mike broke the window yesterday.

The window by Mike yesterday.

2， If you give me five more minutes, I’ll finish it.

If five more minutes , I will finish it.

二．单项选择。

1, Trees and flowers every year to make our country more beautiful.

A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted

2. The dress smooth and soft.

A. felt B. feels C. is felt D. is feeling

3，A：Where are the letters? B: Those letters already.

A, were sent B. was found C. had been reached D. have been posted

4. Nowadays the old should in our society.

A. be taken good care B. be taken good care of

C. be taken well care D. take good care of

课外阅读

(A)

Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments (茶点). No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.

The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room 4

unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.

Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness (模糊) in doing business in the Middle East which will puzzle a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions.

When an Arab says “yes”, he may mean “maybe”. When he says “maybe”, he probably means “no”. You will seldom get a direct “no” from an Arab because it is considered not polite. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means “if God is willing”. On the other hand, “yes” does not necessarily mean “yes”. A smile and a slow nod might be like an agreement but in fact your host is being polite. An Arab considers it rude to disagree with a guest.

1. The main purpose of this article is to explain _________________.

A. why you need extra time when you visit Arab countries

B. how to be polite when doing business in the Arab world

C. why Arab officials are so busy

D. what Arabs say when doing business

2. According to the article, which of the following would be considered polite?

A. You leave angrily because of interruptions.

B. You demand an immediate decision.

C. You refuse a cup of tea and show pictures of your product right away.

D. You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host.

3. Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?

A. To care less about being interrupted during their meeting.

B. Often to give you a vague answer.

C. Seldom to say “no” directly.

D. Seldom to hesitate to start talking business in the presence of strangers.

(B)

Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks.

All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are some things you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it escalates into a panic attack.

Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened(增加) feelings of anxiety.

There are two main symptoms(症状) during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while

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emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus.

In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact it’s more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So it’s not the “bad guy”, you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred (模糊不清的) vision, difficulty in breathing due to a tight chest. The best way to different anxiety from any serious illness is to ask a medical expert for advice on a regular basis.

4. According to the passage, a panic attack is _______________.

A. as serious as an anxiety attack B. not so serious as an anxiety attack

C. resulted from an anxiety attack D. resulted in an anxiety attack

5. The underlined word “escalates” in the second paragraph means “_______________”.

A. happens suddenly B. becomes more serious

C. mixes things together D. connects something with

6. A victim of anxiety attacks may have the symptoms that ______________.

A. he doesn’t want to have anything to eat

B. he has trouble in hearing and vision

C. he is always worried about others

D. he can’t pay attention to what he does

7. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that ______________.

A. an anxiety attack does good to us B. an anxiety attack does no harm to us

C. an anxiety attack is a serious illness D. an anxiety attack is very dangerous

8. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Symptoms of Anxiety Attacks B. Ways of Getting Rid of Anxiety

C. Harm Caused by Anxiety D. Getting to know Anxiety

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