被动语态的特殊用法
一、 一些特殊动词的被动语态 1. 跟复合宾语的动词的被动语态
感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。 如：
I saw a bag drop from the bus. → A bag was seen to drop from the bus.
Mother made her baby sleep in her arms.
→ The baby was made to sleep in her mother’s arms.
2. 跟双宾语的动词的被动语态
直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如： Mr. Smith gave us a lecture.
→ We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith. 或 ---A lecture was given by Mr. Smith. 当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。 如：
I returned him the book.
→ The book was returned to him. （注意用to） He wrote me a short note.
He found me an umbrella. → A short note was written to me.(注意用to)
→ An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for) I bought her some flowers.
用for） → Some flowers were bought for her. （注意
3. 短语动词的被动语态
变成被动语态时，短语动词应当看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能丢掉。如：
We can’t look down upon anybody. → Anybody can’t be looked down upon.
The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every day.
→ The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doorkeeper every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. → The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
二、被动语态的几种特殊形式
1. 当break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write, open, close等动词有状语修饰时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎。 The cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗。 This new book sells well. 新书很畅销。
Dry wood burns easily. 干柴易燃。
The letter reads as follows. 信的内容如下。 The glass cleans easily. 这些杯子易洗。 The new car runs well. 这辆新车跑得很正常。 My new bike rides well. 我的新自行车很好骑。 The shoes wear long. 这种鞋子很耐穿。
The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很流畅。 The shop opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm
2. 有些动词形式上是被动的，但实际上是“系动词+表语”结构。如：
He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁。
The boy was lost in the street. 男孩在街上迷路了。
The girl is dressed in a red skirt.
这个女孩穿着红裙子。
He was drunk in the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了。 My dream is gone with the wind. 我的梦随风而去了。
[小试] 用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
in China .
the dog yesterday.
l. 1. The Mid-Autumn Festival _______(celebrate) 2. I _______ (ask) by my mother not to touch 3. Books of this kind _______ (sell) very wel
4. —Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet, the room _______ (paint). ide. 5. The boy _______ (bring up) in the countrys
6. A good job _______ me last year. (offer)
Key:
1. is celebrated 2. was asked 3. sell
4. is being painted 5. was brought up
6. was offered to
英语被动语态讲解
（一） 语态的基本概念和种类
语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如：They built the bridge.
The bridge was built by them.
(二)被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词
(三)被动语态的用法
1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：
Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于19xx年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：
the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项
(1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。如：
Li Lei planted the tree last year. → The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。 Workers made the machines in Changsha. → The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。
(2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如：
He painted the door green yesterday. →The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。 注意：表示“使、让”的动词make, have等，以及感官动词see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。如：
I saw him go into the teachers’ office. →He was seen to go into the teachers’ office.
看见他进入了教师办公室。
(3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加to 或for
留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如：
He gave me the pen last year. →I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。
【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for的动词有：book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save等。
(4) 动词believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如：
He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。
(5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如：
She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。
The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。
His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。
（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do 变成to be done
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
(错) The price has been risen.
(对) The price has risen.
(错) The accident was happened last week.
(对) The accident happened last week.
(错) The price has raised.
(对) The price has been raised.
(错) Please seat.
(对) Please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
This key just fits the lock.
Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good.
4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last night.
5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对) She likes to swim.
(错) To swim is liked by her.
二、复习时需要注意的要点
（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：
①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；
②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；
③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。
（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：
①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语
②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词。
（3）在短语see sb. do sth. 中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see, hear等，以及使役动词make, let等。
第三节 巩固练习
Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:
1． We often use a recorder in our English class.
2． They will show a new film next week.
3． When did they build the house?
4． I saw the boy enter the room.
5． Will they show a new film next week?
6． Have they posted the letter yet?
7． We often see him help his classmate.
8． You must turn off the light before you go to be.d
9． Who is repairing the bike?
10． The student should learn all the texts by heart.
Ⅱ.选择填空:
1. The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned
2. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
3. Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’t be kept
4. His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent
5. The pen ________ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
6. Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken place
C. has taken place D. has been taken place
7. Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in
8. The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending
9. ________ his work ________ yet?
A. have…been finished B. has …been finished
C. has …finished D. have…finished
10. The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning
C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned
Ⅲ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:
1. Can he ________ (speak) English?
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country?
3. The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light?
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8. Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10. I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
答案
I、
1. A recorder is often used in our English class.
2. A new film will be shown by then next week.
3. When was the house built by them?
4. The boy was seen to enter the room.
5. Will a new film be shown by them next week?
7. He is often seen to help his classmate.
8. The light must be turned off before you go to bed.
9. Who is the bike being repaired by?
(By whom is the bike being repaired?)
10. All the texts should be learned by heart by the students.
II、
III、
1. speak 2 is spoken 3. has been shown
4. are made 5. turn 6. is being built
7. Has returned 8. is grown 9. wasn’t broken
10. was told didn’t come