1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. I am asked to study hard. Knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them.

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. → There are twenty more trees to be planted.

8.过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + 及物动词的过去分词 He said he would finish the work soon. He said the work would be finished soon by him.

主动语态改被动语态

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far. 4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them

tomorrow. 5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now. 6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.

使用被动语态的注意问题

1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years. The

dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. This new book sells well. 3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something→somebody +be

+seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The boss made the

little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.→ He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse. 6.宾语补足语的被动语态 They call him Bob./He is called Bob.

7.谓语补助语态 He is a bed boy。

应用到各种时态和句型,如下： ① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done . ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）. ②进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned. ③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished. ④ 其他时态 以此类推，可得到结果。 ⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed. ⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）

主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况

① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词

[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day. ② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等 ③ 不是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。 例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm. 在这

段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。 ④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father. ⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。 ⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。 ⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,. ⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word. ⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her

boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友） ⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动. ? 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。 ? 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等

第二篇：被动语态的用法小结

被动语态的用法小结

被动语态表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，其句子的谓语动词是“be + 及物动词的过去分词”。此外，被动语态的句子还有各种时态的变化，都体现在be 上。 例如：① The work was completed on a windy night.

②This kind of chocolate has been made several times.

③ The road will be built next year.

④ The house was being cleaned when I came home.

⑤ These trees must be taken good care of.

下面我们详细的来了解一下：

★使用被动语态的场合

1、 不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如：

Computers are widely used in transport.

The house has been broken into.

2、 强调动作的承受者时。如：

A third ring will be built around this city.

3、 出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。如：

Much has been said but little has been done about the issue.

4、 有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成

被动语态结构。如：

主动语态表示被动意义的几种情况：

1. lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:

The door doesn’t open easily.

Bikes of that kind hardly sell.

2. weigh, measure, cost, last, break out, take place, happen等状态动词或不及物动词及词组,虽然有被动意义,但要用主动形式。如:

The meeting lasted two hours.

3. feel, look, sound, smell, taste, prove, remain等这些比较特殊的系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

His theory sounds reasonable.

The dish smells delicious.

4. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:

This dictionary is well worth buying.

5. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义,并且该不定式与句子的主语须具备逻辑上的动宾关系。如:

What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.

6. 不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:

She has an old grandfather to look after.

Have you any homework to do this evening?

7. "主语＋系动词＋to do"结构也是主动形式表被动意义, 主要用于"sth. ＋be to let / rent"或"sb. ＋be ＋to blame"结构中。如:

It’s not my fault; she is to blame.

使用被动语态应该注意的几个问题

1、 不定式符号to在被动语态中不可省。

The boss made him work overtime.→He was made to work overtime.

2、 get+过去分词也可构成被动语态

像get + married/beaten/broken/damaged/repaired/dressed等构成的被动语态一般指动作的结果，而非动作本身。如：

John and Jane get married last month.

语法专练

1. Customers are asked to make sure that they _____ the right change before leaving the shop. (2006重庆)

A. will give B. have been given

C. have given D. will be given

2. The construction of the two new railway lines __________by now. (2006陕西)

A. has completed B. have completed

C. have been completed D. has been completed

3. Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. (2006山东)

A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering

C. are uncovering D. have uncovered

4. Millions of pounds' worth of damage _____ by a storm which swept across the

north of England last night. （2005 重庆）

A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused.

5. — Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?

— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. （2005江苏）

A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what

6. —What do you think of the speech?

—The speaker said almost nothing worth _______.

A. listening B. being listened to

C. listening to D. being listening

7. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.

A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded

8. The car which ______ my cousin was lost last week.

A. was belonged to B. belonging to

C. was belonging to D. belonged to

9. —According to the agreement, you must finish the work by this month.

—Don’t worry. We’re trying hard and it _______ that long.

A. doesn’t last B. won’t last

C. won’t be lasted D. isn’t lasted

10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ______ in broad daylight yesterday.

A. being robbed B. having been robbed

C. to have been robbed D. robbed

11. _______ that he would make greater progress in his study of French.

A. He was hoped B. It was hoped

C. He is hoped D. It is hoping

12. A library with five thousand books ______ to the nation as a gift.

A. have offered B. has offered

C. is offered D. are offered

语法专练 1-6 BAAABC 7-12 DDBCBC