非谓语动词
动词除了在句子中充当谓语外，还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质动词的非谓语形式，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语和状语等，称作非谓语动词，包括动词不定式、分词和动名词。
第一节 知识点概述
一、动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式仍保留动词的一些特点。
（一）动词不定式的特征及用法
1.动词不定式的构成及特征
“to +动词原形”构成动词不定式，是一种非谓语形式，在句子中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。
1. 作主语
例如：To learn English well is not easy.
或 It is not easy to learn English well.
动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：
It is + adj.+ 动词不定式
如果要说明不定式的动作执行者，可以用for
It is + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.
2. 作表语
My wish is to become a teacher.
3. 作宾语
Most of us like to watch football matches.
4. 作宾语补足语
He told me to be here on time.
5. 作定语
I have nothing to say about that thing.
6. 作状语
He stopped to have a look.
3.动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式not + to + 动词原形
例如： He asked me not to make such a mistake.
4.动词不定式与疑问词连用
疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如：(1) He doesn’t know （不定式作宾语）
（不定式作主语）
（不定式作表语）
（二）动词不定式的时态和被动形式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：
1． 一般式to do
例如：I like to read English.
2． 进行式to be doing
例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.
3． 完成式to have done
例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.
4． 被动式to be done
例如：The work is to be done soon.
5． 完成被动式to have been done
例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二、分词
分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。
（一）分词的作用
分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如：
1．作定语 Have you read the book Lu Xun？
2．作表语 3．作宾语补足语 4．作状语 分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。
（二）分词的时态
现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。
现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如： 现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。常用作状语。例如：
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
（三）现在分词的被动式
被动一般式 being done
被动完成式 having been done （四）分词的否定形式
分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：
（五）分词独立主格结构
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：
Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.
The meeting being over, they all left the room.
三、动名词
动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种,由动词加ing构成。动名词既有动词特征，也有名词特征。 动名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语。例如：
⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.
（作主语）
⑵ My job is looking after children.
（作表语）
⑶ I have finished reading the novel.
（作宾语）
⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.
（做定语）
动名词的否定形式由not +动名词构成。例如：
动名词的复合结构由名词所有格或物主代词加上动名词构成。例如：
动名词的一般式，表示的动作可以与谓语动词同时发生或在前，或在后。
例如：
同时发生)
（在谓语动词前发生）
动名词的完成式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。例如：
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1． 动词不定式一般式表示的动作可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生,也可能在其之后发生。
例如：I saw the young man enter the house.（同时发生）
I hope to go there next time.（之后发生）
2．不定式完成式表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.
3．不定式进行式表示不定式的动作，与谓语动词同时发生。
例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.
4．不定式的被动式有两种形式：to be done表示将要被做，to have been done表示已被做。
例如：The new cinema to be put up next year will be very large.
The cinema is said to have been built last year.
5. 在表示情绪的动词，如like, love, hate, prefer等后，用动名词作宾语表示一般倾向，用不定式表示特定某事。但在would/should like/love/prefer后要用不定式
例如：I hate eating the same food every day.
Would you like to watch TV in the evening?
6. 在动词need, want, require后用动名词表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式；而用动词不定式的主动式表示主动含义。
例如：The house needs cleaning. = The house needs to be cleaned.
He needs to clean the house first.
7. 在介词后一般用动名词作宾语，但在少数介词，如but, except后用动词不定式作宾语，但要注意“to”的省略，如but前有“do”则省去“to”。
例如：I have done nothing but help him with his luggage.
I have no choice but to wait for him at the bus stop.
8. 分词的完成式一般不用来作定语，因此，要表示完成主动的意思常用定语从句。
例如：The accident which happened yesterday was very serious.
9. 如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子不是相同的，则要用从句或分词独立主格结构来表示。
例如：Weather permitting, we will go to the Center Park.
10. 分词作状语时， 分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。若它们之间的关系是主谓关系，用现在分词，而动宾关系则用过去分词。如果分词的动作先于谓语，分词要用完成时。
例如：Having finished his composition, he went home.
While looking through the paper, he found some errors.
二、历届高考试题
例1、The discovery of new evidence led to _________.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
例2、Though _______money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
例3、He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
例4、 _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
例5、____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
例6、It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just ____ a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
例7、With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
例8、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken
例9、 Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
例10、 He sent me an e-mail, ________ to get further information.
A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. Hope
高中非谓语动词练习A
1. When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____.
A. to repair bicycles B. bicycles to be repaired
C. bicycles being repaired D. repairing bicycles
2. --- Have you considered _____ your job as a teacher?
--- Yes. I like the job because a teacher is often considered _____ a gardener.
A. to change; to be B. to change; being C. changing; being D. changing; to be
3. The dog, _____, will be made a good watchdog.
A. to train properly B. being trained properly C. properly to train D. trained properly
4. _____ the diamond, he had to look for a place to hide it.
A. Having stolen B. Having been stolen C. Stolen D. Stealing
5. _____ the front door _____, he had to enter the room through the back door.
A. Seen; painted B. Seeing; painted
C. Being seen; being painted D. Seeing; being painted
6. And there, almost _____ in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost
7. He looked around and caught a man _____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
8. To answer correctly is more important than _____.
A. that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C. to finish quickly D. finish quickly
9. The old farmer, _____ the badly injured and burnt soldier, came out of the burning farmhouse, calling continuously for help.
A. supporting B. having supported C. being supported by D. being supported
10. In January , 2004, the United States successfully launched “Spirit”, a Mars Exploration Rover, _____ a new milestone in the history of mankind.
A. it marked B. marking C. marked D. to mark
11. It was getting dark; I found a car _____ in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
12. You can’t imagine what great trouble they have _____ the problem _____.
A. to solve; being talked about B. solving; discussing
C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; being discussed
13. The monument was built in honor of the explorer who was believed _____ the river.
A. to have discovered B. to have been discovered
C. to discover D. having been discovered
14. The thief fell to the ground, his left foot _____ and blood _____ down from his mouth.
A. breaking; running B. broken; running C. breaking; run D. broken; run
15. The program was so exciting that the children kept their eyes _____ on the screen.
A. to fix B. to be fixed C. fixed D. fixing
16. As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then so that I can know how everyone is getting along.
A. having heard B. to hear C. hearing D. being heard
17. _____, the subject was always in my mind.
A. Walking or sleeping B. Walking or slept C. Having walked or slept D. To walk and sleep
18. --- Did you get a dictionary?
--- No, I _____, but there were not any _____.
A. tried; to be left B. had tried to; leaving C. tried to; left D. had tried; have left
19. When he came to, he found himself _____ on a chair, with his hands _____ back.
A. to sit; tying B. sitting; tying C. seating; tied D. seated; tied
20. The joke told by Tom made us _____, so the teacher couldn’t make himself _____.
A. to laugh; hearing B. laughing; heard C. laughing; hear D. laughed; heard
21. All of the flowers now _____ here have developed from those once _____ in the forest.
A. raised; grown B. rising; growing C. raised; growing D. rising; grown
22. Henry can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _____ at Marie’s house tomorrow.
A. held; being held B. to be held; to be held
C. to be held; held D. being held; to be held
23. Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. having prepared
24. Don’t worry. I’ll have it _____ and get someone _____ it to you tomorrow.
A. typed; send B. to type; to send C. type; send D. typed; to send
25. The sun was shining brightly, _____ everything there _____ more beautiful.
A. making; look B. to make; looked C. and made; looking D. and making; be looked
26. How could he get the plan _____ without any one to support him?
A. to carry out B. carry out C. carrying out D. carried out
27. New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before _____.
A. being fully accepting B. fully accepting C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted
28. Having passed all the tests, she felt a great weight _____ off her mind.
A. taking B. taken C. take D. to be taken
29. I’m examining the article he has just finished _____ the possible mistakes in it.
A. being corrected B. to correct C. corrected D. having corrected
30. _____ full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.
A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made
31. We should prevent such a silly mistake _____ again.
A. occurring B. to occur C. to be occurred D. from being occurred
32. I regret _____ hard at school, or I would have succeeded in passing the exam.
A. not to work B. having not worked C. to have not worked D. not having worked
33. They looked forward with hope _____ a chance to receive further education.
A. for getting B. of getting C. to get D. to getting
34. “Well, I’ll tell you a secret ...” said the boy, with his mouth almost _____ my ear.
A. touched B. touching C. touch D. to touch
35. Towards evening, the patient opened his mouth as if _____ something to his son.
A. said B. say C. to say D. to have said
36. --- Would you be _____ lend me your bicycle?
--- Sure.
A. so kind as to B. kind enough as to C. very kind to D. so kind to
37. The beach is so beautiful that it is worthwhile, I think, _____ for a short holiday.
A. of going B. to be going C. your going D. you to go
38. The teacher asked more _____ to prevent the students’ eyes from being injured.
A. to do B. done C. to be done D. being done
39. Some of the schools in Shanghai have moved one step closer to _____ with the global education
community.
A. being connected B. connect C. having connected D. be connected
40. The performance of the host, _____ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, however.
A. had intended B. intended C. being intended D. to intend
41. _____ and out of breath, we reached the top of the mountain and stopped _____ the beautiful scenery.
A. Tiring; to admire B. Being tired; admiring C. Tired; to admire D. Tired; admiring
42. The 18-storeyed building, when _____, will shut out the sun _____ up the rooms in my house.
A. completed; lighted B. completing; lighting C. completing; lighted D. completed; lighting
43. --- I hear Warren _____ in a middle school.
--- What? I can’t imagine him _____ as a teacher.
A. teaches; working B. teaches; work C. teach; to work D. teach; working
44. _____ he’s only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well.
A. Considered B. Considering C. Having considered D. To consider
45. It was _____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
46. At no time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, for she is always too busy _____ a good rest.
A. to take B. taking C. took D. taken
47. _____ as the most excellent student in her university, as most classmates had expected, made her parents very happy.
A. Mary was chosen B. Mary chosen C. Mary being chosen D. Mary’s being chosen
48. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ to death.
A. Seeing; frightened B. Seeing; frightening C. Seen; frighten D. To see; frightening
49. You will see this product made in this factory _____ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised B. advertised C. advertise D. advertising
50. Mr. Green is said _____ an experiment to prove the new method of solving the problem when young.
A. to do B. to have done C. to be doing D. to have been doing
高中非谓语动词练习B
1＿＿Sunday, the students are at home. A. Being B. To be C. It is D. It being
2.The boy lay on his back, his teeth ＿＿and his glaring eyes ＿＿＿.
A.set； looked B. set； looking C. setting； looked D. setting； looking
3.All the thing＿＿＿＿，his proposal is of greater value than yours.
A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider
4.＿＿＿＿who she was, she said she was Mr.Johnson’s friend.
A. Asking B. Asked C. To be asked D. When asking
5.He hurried to the station,＿＿＿the 9：30 train had already left.
A. to find B. found C. only to find D. only finding
6.Which do you enjoy ＿＿＿your weekends, fishing or watching TV?
A.spending B.to spend C.being spent D.spend
7.＿＿＿all my letters, I had a drink and went out. A.Finished B.Having finished C.Finishing D.To finish
8.She had no money ＿＿＿a birthday present for her children.
A. to buy with B. buying C .bought D. with which to buy
9.From the dates＿＿＿on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.
A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked
10.＿＿＿＿time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved
11.O’Neal works hard.He is often seen ＿＿＿heavily before his teammates start.
A.sweated B.to be sweated C.sweating D.being sweated
12.I can hardly imagine Peter＿＿across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days. A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
13.Such＿＿＿the case, I couldn’t help but ＿＿＿＿＿ him.
A.being； support B.is； to support C.has been； supporting D.be； supported
14.Does the way you thought of＿＿＿the water clean make any sense?
A.making B.to make C.how to make D.having made
15.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours＿＿in my study. A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.being locked
16.You will find the word “psychology” ＿＿＿＿under “P” in your dictionary.
A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing
17.Sandy could do nothing but ＿＿＿to his mother that he was wrong.
A.admitting B.admits C.admit D.to admit
18.When I caught him cheating me, I stopped ＿＿things in his shop.
A.buying B.buy C.to buy D.bought
19.A doctor can expect＿＿＿at any hour of the day or night.
A.calling B.to call C.being called D.to be called
20.Nearly every great building in Beijing was built＿ south.
A.to face B.facing C.to have faced D.being facing
21.With his son＿＿＿, the old man felt unhappy.
A.to be disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.to disappoint
22.It was＿＿＿＿computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.
A.to have played B.playing C.played D.having played
23.And there, almost＿＿＿in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.
A.having lost B.losing C.to be lost D.lost
24.As I will be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate＿＿from you now and then＿＿me how everyone is getting along.
A.hearing； tell B.to hear； tell C.hearing； telling D.to hear； to tell
25.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, ＿＿＿ after 11 pm.
A.to stay out B.from staying out C.staying out D.not to stay out
26.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time＿＿＿ the last bus.
A.catching B.to catch C.having caught D.to have caught
27.＿＿to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed
28.Mike didn’t start＿＿＿＿the importance of a foreign language till he graduated from school.
A.knowing B.to know C.know D.to have known
29.—— Why was a special meeting called?
—— ＿＿＿a new chairman.
A.To elect B.Electing C.Our electing D.Elected
30.—— Why did Bob weep?
—— He couldn’t bear＿＿＿like that before the whole class.
A.making fun of B.being made fun of C.to be laughed at D.being made fun
31.The students expected there＿＿＿more reviewing classes before the final exams.
A.is B.to be C.being D.have been
32.I don’t mind＿＿＿by bus, but I hate＿＿in queues.
A.traveling； stand B.to travel； to stand C.traveling； to stand D.traveling； to standing
33.We are looking forward to＿＿＿the film＿＿＿＿at the Grand Cinema.
A.seeing； to show B.see； shown C.seeing； shown D.see； to show
34.At the shopping-centre,he didn’t know what＿＿and＿＿with an empty bag.
A.to buy； leave B.to be bought； left C.to buy； left D.was to buy； leave
35.The policeman put down the phone, ＿＿＿with a smile on his face.
A.satisfied B.satisfying C.to be satisfied D.having satisfied
36.＿＿＿, your composition is full of mistakes.
A.Writing carelessly B.Written carelessl C.Having written carelessly D.Being written carelessly
37.She made a candle＿＿＿us light. A.give B.gave C.to give D.given
38.—— What do you suppose made her worried? —— ＿＿＿a gold ring.
A.Lose B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing
39.I know it’s not important, but I can’t help ＿＿about it.
A.to think B.and think C.thinking D.being thought
40.＿＿several times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.
A.Having been failed B.Having failed C.Though failed D.Because of failure
41.＿＿＿all over the hill and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds.
A.To grow B.Growing C.Grown D.Grow
42.——Who are you going to have＿＿this letter for you? —— My secretary.
A.type B.typed C.been typed D.been typing
43.The food＿＿＿at the moment is for the dinner party.
A.cooked B.to be cooked C.is being cooked D.being cooked
44.A kind old gentleman offered＿＿＿my bags to the taxi stand.
A.his help carried B.carrying C.me to carry D.to help me to carry
45.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had＿＿＿her children.
A.brought up B.to bring up C.bringing up D.to have brought up
46.He was＿＿＿today, but was asked to stay for＿＿＿week.
A.to have returned； another B.returning； one moreC.returned； another D.to return； other
47.—— Where should I send my form? —— The Personnel office is the place＿＿＿.
A.for sending it B.to send it toC.to send D.to send it
48.I could feel the wind＿＿on my face from an open window. A.to blow B.blowing C.to be blowing D.blown
49.—— Lucy, why didn’t you come last Sunday? —— I＿＿＿, but my father was in hospital.
A.would B.had C.was going to D.did
50.——What terrible weather! I simply can’t get the car＿＿＿.
— — Why not try＿＿＿＿the engine with some hot water?
A. starting； filling B. start； filling C. started; to fill D. to start; fill
答案为C。
【解析】 lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。
答案：B
【解析】 risk后面只能带动名词做宾语，含义为“冒??之险”。
答案为C。
【解析】 在非谓语动词中，用动名词或不定式来作主语，而分词和介词短语不能作主语，因此A、D被排除。在这个句子中，will do是谓语，缺少主语，要用动名词作主语。expose与one's skin是动宾关系，所以要用动名词的被动式being exposed。译文：在阳光下晒太长时间对人的皮肤有坏处。
答案：A
【解析】 put sth. into use “让??投入使用”。显然，put 和句子主语the hotline 构成被动关系，所以用表示被动的过去分词。
答案：C
【解析】 动词不定式充当目的状语。
答案为C
【解析】动词不定式to settle作为difficult problems的定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settle作定语表示已经解决的难题，现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在解决的难题。
答案：A
【解析】 take advantage of （利用）和句子主语More and more people 构成主动关系，且和句子谓语sign up for (报名参加)同时发生，所以选择A。
答案为A。
【解析】 该句中的but是介词，后接动词不定式。当谓语动词是do，does或did时，后接不带to的不定式；是其他动词时，后接带to的不定式。该句的谓语是could do nothing，要填动词原形admit。译文：山德不得不向老师承认自己错了。
答案为B。
【解析】 现在分词hoping表示与send me an e-mail同时发生的动作。一些考生认为应该填不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail to get further information.不需要hope一词，如果要选择“hoped”时，句子的正确形式是：He sent me an e-mail and hoped to get further information。“hope”和“sent”作并列谓语。
答案及部分解析：
1-5 CDDAD 6-10 DDCAB 11-15 BDABC 16-20 CACDB 21-25 CDCDA
26-30 DDBBD 31-35 ADDBC 36-40 ACCAB 41-45 CDABB 46-50 ADABB
1. 用-ing形式一般式的被动语态作宾语补足语，强调自行车被修理的过程。
2. consider 作“考虑”解时，后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语；作“认为” 解时，后常接含有名词、形容词或to be的复合结构。
3. 过去分词短语作条件状语，相当于if it is trained properly。watchdog看门狗。
4. 从动作发生的时间来看，应是先偷钻石，再找地方藏匿，故用-ing形式的完成式。
5. see 表示的动作与句子谓语动词（had to enter）所表示的动作几乎同时发生，且与其逻辑主语（he）为主动关系，故用一般式。由句意“看到前门正在被漆，……”可知，第二空应用being painted。
6. lost in the big chair为过去分词短语在句中作伴随状语。此句的正常语序为：Her little brother sat there...
7. catch sb. doing sth. （偶然或突然）发现或撞见某人正在做某事。
8. 题意为“正确做出答案要比快速完成更重要”。两个非谓语动词短语在形式上应保持一致。
9. -ing形式的一般式在句中作非限制性定语。
10. 题意为“20xx年1月，美国成功地发射了“勇气”号火星探测器，标志着人类历史上一个新的里程碑”。
11. 由短语be stuck in（陷入）可知此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
12. 由have great trouble （in）doing sth.可知第一空应用solving; being discussed作定语修饰problem，表示“正在被讨论的问题”。
13. 用不定式的完成式表示动作发生在(定语)从句谓语动作之前。
14. 考查独立主格结构。foot和break之间是被动关系，blood和run是主动关系。
15. 由固定结构fix one’s eyes on/upon...可知此处应用过去分词。
16. appreciate后常接-ing形式（短语）作宾语。
17. 题意为“无论是走路还是睡觉，我总是在想这个问题。”注意：此题中-ing形式短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语并不一致，有的语法家称其为“垂悬分词”。又如：Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. （NMET2001）
18. tried to后省去了get one。
19. 由seat的用法(be seated)可知第一空应用seated作宾语补足语；with his hands tied back为with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。
22. 由at present可知第一空应用being held（表示正在被进行的动作）；由tomorrow可知第二空应用to be held（表示即将被进行的动作）。
23. 由固定短语be (well) prepared for可知此处应用过去分词作宾补。
24. 此处为have sth. done结构和get sb. to do sth. 结构。
26. 考查get sth. done 结构。carry out执行。
27. before full accepted相当于before they are fully accepted。
28. feel后可接含有非谓语动词的复合结构。此处宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。题意为“所有考试都通过后，她感觉如释重负。”
29. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语。he has just finished 为定语从句。
30. -ing形式短语作原因状语。not要置于-ing形式之前。
31. prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth.为固定搭配。occur为不及物动词。
32. regret doing sth.后悔做过某事；regret to do sth.遗憾（抱歉）地要做……。
33. look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事，注意with hope（满怀希望地）插入了短语look forward to中。
34. 考查with 的复合结构。his mouth与touch之间是主动关系。
35. “as if+不定式短语”在句中作方式状语。
37. 考查句型It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.。I think为插入语。
38. 由ask sb. to do sth.可知此处应用不定式。宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系，故用to be done。
39. close to中的to为介词。be connected with可理解为“与……接轨”。
40. intended to please the audience...相当于which had been intended to please the audience...。
41. tired and out of breath为“形容词和介词短语”在句中作状语。stop to do sth. 停下来去做另外一件事。
42. when completed=when it is completed；lighting up...在此相当于which lights up...。
43. 第一空应用一般现在时表示，意为“我听说沃伦在一所中学教书”；imagine后常接-ing形式(短语)或-ing形式的复合结构作宾语。
44. 此处considering为连词，意为“考虑到”；它还可用作介词，如：Considering the weather, he arrives very early考虑到天气，他算早的啦。
45. 此句是强调句型，强调句子的主语playing computer games。
46. 考查too...to...结构。注意：at no time（在什何时候都不）放在句首时,句子要用倒装
语序。
47. -ing形式的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语常用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。as most classmates had expected为非限制性定语从句。
48. seeing the big snake在句中作时间状语；frightened to death在句中作伴随状语。
49. advertise意为“为……登广告”。made in this factory作定语修饰product; advertised作宾语补足语。
50. 由when young可知此处应该用不定式的完成式。
答案：
1. D。本题考查独立主格结构,因为前后主语不一致,所以前面分词的逻辑主语不可以省略。It being Sunday
相当于As it is Sunday。
2.B。独立主格结构在句中作伴随状语, teeth 与set两个词之间含有逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词；look这一动作是eyes所发出,所以用looking。
3.A。独立主格结构在句中作状语,因为things与consider之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词。
4.B。分词短语作状语,因为ask与句子的主语（she）之间有被动关系,所以用过去分词。5.C。本题考查“（only）＋不定式”与“-ing形式”作结果状语的区别。“only＋不定式”表示该结果在主语的预料之外；接“-ing”形式表示由主句所产生的逻辑上的结果。
6.B。本题考查不定式作目的状语,本题极易误选A。其实 enjoy的宾语为fishing or watching TV。
7.B。因finish这一动作发生在I had a drink and went out之前,所以必须用现在分词的完成式。
8.D。介词＋关系代词＋不定式的结构可以在句中用作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。9.B。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。不定式作定语时,表示将来的动作；现在分词作定语,表示主动、进行；过去分词作定语,表示被动、完成。因为dates是被标在gold coin上,所以用过去分词表示被动。
10.A。不定式作目的状语。
11.C。分词在句中作主语补足语。因sweat这一动作是he所发出,所以为主动。
12.C。Peter为逻辑主语，与sailing构成复合结构，作imagine的宾语。
13.A。can’t help but为固定短语, but后面接不带to的不定式；Such being the case为独立主格结构，the case为逻辑主语。 14.B。 15.B。lock与其逻辑主语应含有动宾关系,即 “被锁在书房里”。
16.C。单词psychology被列在 “P”之下,有被动关系。
17.C。but表示 “除了”,为介词,当其前面有动词do的各种形式时,but后接不带to的不定式。18.A。当stop后面接不定式时,表示“停下来去做某事”；如果接-ing形式,则表示“停止正在做的事”。
19.D。expect后面接不定式。由题意可知,doctor与call之间是被动关系。
20.B。现在分词在句中表示状态。 21.B。with复合结构在句中作状语,表示原因,意为“由于儿子很是令人失望。”
22.B。本题为强调句型，被强调的部分是句子的主语，所以采用-ing形式。
23.D。be lost in是固定短语，意为“陷入??之中”。变为分词短语作状语时，仍用过去分词lost。
24.C。appreciate后直接接-ing形式作宾语。 25.A。本题考查forbid 的用法。当forbid用作被动形式时,构成be forbidden to do结构。 26.B。 27.C。由题意“暴露在阳光下太久,会伤害人的皮肤”可知应采用-ing形式的被动式作主语。28.B。start后可以接-ing形式或to do,但如果start后面的动词表示心理活动的词时,必须用不定式。
29.A。回答why引导的问句，一般用不定式；回答what问句，一般用-ing形式。
30.B。bear意为“容忍”, 后面接-ing形式；make fun of与其逻辑主语有被动关系,所以用being done形式。
31.B。expected there to be的形式相当于expected there would be...。
32.C。mind意为“介意”, 后面接-ing形式； hate后可以接-ing形式或to do两种形式。33.C。look forward to（to为介词）后面接-ing形式；film与show之间含有被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
34.C。“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中作宾语；left与didn’t know并列。
35.A。be satisfied with“对??满意”,即satisfy与with紧紧相连时,必须用其过去分词。
36.B。write所表示的动作与其逻辑主语有被动关系。Being written为现在分词进行时的被动,表示该动作正在进行,与题意不符,所以选B。 37.C。不定式作目的状语, 意为“她制了一些蜡烛用来照明”。 38.C。参见注29。
39.C。can’t help表示“忍不住”后面接-ing形式；表示“不能帮助”时,后面接不定式。40.B。fail这一动作发生在主句谓语动词之前,所以用现在分词的完成时,并且为主动概念。41.B。all over the hill and around the lake为地点状语提前。wild flowers是长在“山上及湖的周围”的。
42.A。who为have的宾语。 43.D。根据句子意思可知该动作正在进行,所以用being done形式。
44.D。本题考查offer与help的用法, 即offer to do sth.与help sb.(to) do sth。45.C。本题考查have difficulty(in) doing sth.这一结构。本句中 the woman had为定语从句,修饰difficulty。
46.A。be to＋have done结构,表示本应该做某事,但事实上却没有做。
47.B。本题考查不定式作定语的用法。根据send的用法，send sth.to some place，故选择答案B。
48.B。blow这一动作是wind发出的,所以为主动,因此选择blowing。
49.C。该题考查了动词不定式的省略现象。由题意可知是表示过去的一种打算或计划，在“was going to”后省略了前面的内容或动作，故应选C。
50.A。get the car starting意为“使汽车发动起来”；try doing 意为“试着做某事”。