高考英语非谓语动词总结

非谓语动词

一、结构综述

类型 状态 一般 完成 进行

1、不定式 主动 To do To have done To be doing

被动 To be done To have been done

2、现在分词及动名词 主动 doing Having done

被动 Being done Having been done

3、过去分词 被动 Done

二、可在句子中充当的成分：

不定式：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分

动名词：主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、

分词：表语、定语、状语、补语

三、不定式、分词、动名词之间的区别

1、不定式与动名词的区别

不定式起名词、形容词、副词作用，在句子中除了动名词所起的作用外，还可以作状语。 动名词起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。 两者之间的差别：

1)不定式的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。如：

I hate to work on weekends. (指自己干活)

I hate working on weekends. (可以指自己，也可以泛指)

2)动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如：

Reading in bed is a pleasure.

I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the pool today.

3)在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另外一些只能用不定式

4) 既可以接不定式又可接动名词，有时含义不一：

remember to do 记得去做； remember doing 记得做过

forget to do 忘记去做； forget doing 忘记做过了

regret to do 遗憾去做； regret doing 后悔做过

try to do 设法去做； try doing 试着做

go on to do 接着做另一件事； go on doing 继续做同一件事

mean to do 打算做； mean doing 意味着做

stop to do 停下来去做； stop doing 停止做

can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做； can’t help doing 忍不住做

5)有些动名词表示被动意义，而不定式则用其被动式表示被动意义。如：

It needs to be repaired.

It needs repairing.

6) should(would)like, love等之后用不定式。如：

I’d like to thank you.

I’d love to come sometime.

2、现在分词与动名词的区别

I．动名词与现在分词作表语时的比较

1)．动名词作表语说明主语的内容，回答 what的问题；现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，说明主语的性质、特征等，回答how的问题。如：

One of the best exercises is swimming．游泳是最好的运动项目之一。

The situation both at home and abroad is very inspiring．国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。

2)．动名词作表语，表语和主语几乎处于同等地位，可以互换位置，其句意不变；现在分词作表语，表语和主语则不能互换位置。如：

①Our work is serving the people．（＝Serving the people is our work．）我们的工作是为人民服务。 ②The news was disappointing．那消息令人失望。

3)．作表语的现在分词前可以用very，quite，rather， greatly等副词修饰，而动名词则不可以。如：

①What he said was very encouraging．他的话很鼓舞人心。

②Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future．我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。

4)．现在分词与形容词一样可以和more，the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级，而动名词则不可以。如：

The story is the most fascinating．那个故事最迷人。

5)．作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外，还可以和其它的系动词连用；而作表语的动名词则通常只能和be连用。如：

① His speech seems inspiring．他的演讲似乎很鼓舞人心。

②His interest is writing for the newspapers．他的爱好是给报社写文章。

6)．有些用作表语的现在分词已经形容词化了。常见的有：exciting，moving，inspiring，missing，interesting， disappointing等。

II．动名词与现在分词作定语时的比较

1)．动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，常可以扩展成一个定语从句。如：

a swimming girl ＝a girl who is swimming一个在游泳的姑娘

a swimming pool

2)．现在分词作定语有时可以后置，而动名词则通常只能放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： ①The girl wearing glasses is one of his students．戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生。 ②I bought some reading materials．我买了一些阅读材料。

3.现在分词和过去分词的用法

1)现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。

A moving film 一部感人的电影

A moved audience 一个被感动了的观众

An exciting game 一场激动人心的比赛

Excited players 激动的运动员

2)在做表语或者定语的时候现在分词表示动作还没有完成而过去分词则表示动作已经完成 Boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水

Developing country 发展中国家 developed country 发达国家

第二篇：中考英语非谓语动词总结

一．接动词不定式 （ to do/ do sth ）

1.like to do sth 2.like sb to do sth 3.Let's (not ) do sth 4.want to do sth

5.want sb to do sth 6.love to do sth 7.ask sb (not ) to do sth 8.stop to do sth

9.tell sb (not ) to do sth 10.watch sb do sth 11.It's time (for sb) to do sth

12.help sb (to ) do sth 13.help do sth 14.make sb do sth 17.have to do sth

15.decide (not ) to do sth 16.find it +adj + to do sth 18.try (not ) to do sth

19.try one's best to do sth 20.It's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth 21.plan to do sth

22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth 23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth

24.send sb to do sth 25.invite sb to do sth 26.forget to do sth 27.live to be +时间

28.be able to do sth 29.have sth to do 30.seem to do sth 31.get sb /sth to do sth

32.疑问词+ to do sth 33.need sth to do sth 34.use sth to do sth 35.follow sb to

sth 36.need to do sth 37.a good time to do sth 38.the best time to do sth

39.the best way to do sth 40.be the first / last one to do sth 41.would like to do sth

42.be excited /surprised to do sth 43.be useful to do sth 44.be allowed to do sth

allow sb to do sth 46.It's better to do sth 47.It's best to do sth 52.too… to do sth

48.take care (not) to do sth 49.see sb do sth why not do sth ?51.have enough time to do sth

53.not… enough to do sth 54.encourage sb to do sth 55.choose to sth

56.wait to do sth 57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth 58.make it +adj + to do sth

59.be careful to do sth 60.be afraid to do sth 61.It's our duty to do sth 62.used to do sth

63.can't afford to do sth 64.make a decision to do sth 65.have an opportunity to do

sth 66.wait for sb to do sth would do sth rather than do sth 68.would rather do sth than do sth 69.hurry to do sth 70.refuse to do sth 71.agree to do sth 72.pretend to do sth

73.pretend to be doing sth 74.prefer to do sth 75.prefer not to do sth

76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth 77.be willing to do sth

78.volunteer +时间/ 钱 + to do sth 79.volunteer to do sth

80.offer to do sth 81.rush to do sth 82.in order (not ) to do sth 83.be certain to do sth

84.be sure to do sth 85.make plans to do sth 86.go out of their way to do sth

87.lead sb to do sth 88.It's one's job to do sth 89.It's one's turn to do sth

90.urge sb to do sth 91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ?

92.be supposed to do sth 93.warn sb to do sth

二、接动名词 （doing sth ）

1.like doing sth 2.enjoy doing sth 3.have fun doing sth 4.be interested in doing

sth 5.Thanks for doing sth 6.look at sb doing sth 7.stop sb doing sth 8.stop sb from doing sth 9.go + v-ing 10.do the (some )+v-ing 11.What/How doing sth ? 12.practice doing sth 13.watch sb doing sth 14.find sb doing sth 15.mind (one's ) doing sth 16.can't stand doing sth 17.think about doing sth 18.spend … (in)doing sth 19.finish doing sth 20.be busy doing sth 21.keep doing sth 22.keep sb from doing sth 23.keep sb doing sth 24.be good at doing sth 25.hate doing sth 26.There be +名词+doing sth 27.make a living by doing sth 28.have a difficult time doing sth 29.feel like doing sth 30.allow doing sth

31.see sb doing sth 32.by doing sth 33.end up doing sth 34.do a survey about doing sth 35.be afraid of doing sth 36.be used to doing sth 37.be terrified of doing

sth 38.give up doing sth 39.instead of doing sth 40.have nothing against doing sth 41.be serious about doing sth 42.have a chance of doing sth 43.before/ when /while +doing sth 44.start doing sth 45.have a lot of experience doing sth 46.prefer doing

sth 47.consider doing sth 48.dream of / about doing sth 49.continue doing sth 50.put off

doing sth 51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth 52.prefer doing sth to doing sth

53.without doing sth 54.be comfortable doing sth 55.can't stop/help doing sth

56.look forward to doing sth 57.be against doing sth 58.have rouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth 59.suggest doing sth 60.be busy doing sth 61.be worth doing sth 主谓一致考点归纳

<一>就近原则

1. 由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与* 近的那个名词或代词保持一致。

例句：Neither his parents nor Tom is at home. Tom和他的父母都不在家。

Note：“either…or, neither…nor, or”连接的两个主语若是一单一复，最好将复数主词放在后面而接复数动词。

2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。

例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。

There comes the bus. 汽车来了。

3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。

例句：I know the man who is talking to my father.我认识那个正在和我父亲谈话的人。

4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。

例句：It is Mary’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。

<二>意义一致原则

1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。

例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。

2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。 例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。

3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。

例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“多保重！”

4. 当主语与all， none， any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。

例句：All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。

5. “…+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。

例句：Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。

80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。

Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。

6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of +可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词a变为the，则谓语动词用单数。

例句： A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。

The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。

7. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。

例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。

My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。

<三>整体原则

1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。

例句：When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。

Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。

Note：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。

例句：What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。

2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。

例句： The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。

The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。

分析：a)句中小说家和诗人the novelist and poet为同一个人，故谓语动词用单数；而b)句中有两个人，一个是小说家the novelist，另一个是诗人the poet。

3. 专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家（组织）名等，通常作单数用。

例句：The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于17xx年。

4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。

例句：10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。

5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。

例句：2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。

<四>个体原则

1. and连结的两个或多个主语前如果有each, every, no等修饰语时（后面的一个有时也可省略），后面的谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。

2. 英语句中的each， either， neither等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用单数。

例句：Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。

3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例句：Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。

4. many a / more than one + 单数名词，一般接单数谓语动词。

例句：Many a man does not understand Einstein’s relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。

5. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。

例句：One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。

6. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses， scissors， shoes， trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等）作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有a /the pair of；a /the suit of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。

例句：A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。

7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数”名词（例如；一些学科名词mathematics， physics， politics等），或以“-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。

例句：Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最