非谓语动词考点总结归纳
非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。
②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。
●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not放在非谓语动词的考点一：非谓语作状语。
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。 注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。 解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后
● 不定式做结果状语的固定搭配 only to do ， too +adj/adv to do， so +adj/adv as to do ， such +n as to do adj/ adv enough to do only to do 常表示意想不到或不愉快的结果。 练习：
1. _____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain. A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell
D. Telling
2 . _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a
thumb.
A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved
3 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _____ his schoolbag and rushed out.
A. picking up
A. Discovering B. picked up C. to pick up D. having picked up B. To discover C. To have discovered D. Discovered
C. to hope D. hope 4 _____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida. 5 He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping
6 _____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.
A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste
7 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _____ them more terrible.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
8 — What do you think of last night’s lecture?
— _____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.
A. Real B. General C. Fair D. Honestly
9 He was so foolish _________ his car unlocked in the public park last night.
A to leave B that leave C as to leave D for him to leave 10 When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
11 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen
C. to have seen C. telling D. to see D. told 12 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told
注意： 非谓语作状语时，主语必须是非谓语的逻辑主语；如果不是，非谓语需要有在他前面加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。其中，最典型的就是with +n + ving/ ved/ to do 结构
1 In order to protect our planet, _____.
A. all kinds of pollution should be reduced B. we should reduce all kinds of pollution
C. the environment should be protected first D. it’s important to protect our environment
2 The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.
A. the guide acts B. the guide acting C. acting D. acted
3 While listening to pop music, _____.
A. she felt asleep B. the light went out
C. someone knocked at the door D. and she couldn’t help laughing
4 Having been attacked by terrorists, ______.
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists
5 _________, he felt a bit nervous.
A Many people looked at him B So many eyes fixing on him
C With so many eyes to be fixed D with so many eyes fixed on him
注意：有些非谓语动词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking,
given,
to be honest, frankly speaking, supposing, to tell you the truth judging from, considering, providing / provided, taking……into consideration to make matters/things worse
.考点二： 非谓语作定语
解题诀窍：找所修饰的词，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后
1. 作定语的不定式如果是vi，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点，工具等，不定式后，
面须有相应的介词。
2. 不定式用来修饰名词，表动作未发生。
3. 不定式用来修饰被序数词，最高级等限定的中心词。
练习：
1— Haven’t you seen the sign,_____ ―NO PHOTOS‖?
— I’m really sorry I didn’t.
A. reads B. to read C. read D. reading
2 Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _____.
A. to send it to B. to send it C. to be sent to D. to have it sent
3 The _____ look in her face suggested that she _____ it before.
A. surprising; wouldn’t know B. surprised; hadn’t known
C. surprising; hadn’t known D. surprised; shouldn’t know
4 — I would like to buy an expensive camera.
— Well. We have several models _____.
A. to choose from B. of choice C. to be chosen D. for choosing
5 I find these problems are easy _____.
A. to be worked out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out 6 The building _____ will be completed in a month. It will be our lab building.
A. to paint B. being painted C. to have painted D. painting
7 Will you please tell me why you had no pen _____ in class, Kate?
A. to have written B. to be written with C. to have been written D. to write with
8 With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
9 Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
10 Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he wes not the one _______.
A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed
11 The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt
12 The disc, digitally ______ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
考点三： 非谓语动词做补语
解题技巧： 记固定搭配，辩逻辑关系
不定式和分词作宾语补足语（ we consider him to be a nice guy）或主语补足语(He is considered to be a 是考察的重点.做题时一要熟记固定搭配，还要仔细分析非谓语所表示的动作与谓语动作发生的先后问题。
A 固定句型要分清 练习：
1 Linda is thought to_____ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she’s working in.
A. have worked B. work C. be working D. be worked
2 Robert is said _____ abroad ,but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying
3 The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused
4 John Bell was generally considered ________ the first telephone.
A inventing B to invent C having invented D to have invented
.B 弄清以下搭配及其意义
1. 感官动词see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, notice等后面的宾补有3种形式（do/doing/done），doing
表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成，do表主动和完成（被动句中to 还原）。
2. leave后接3种形式做宾补。leave sb to do sth/ leave sth to be done,
leave sb doing sth, leave sth undone
e.g. He left, leaving me to to all the rest work. （主动，将来）
We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled。（被动，将来）
It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious.（被动，完成）
3. have, get, make后接3种形式，表示“使，让，叫”
4. with复合结构，to do表示动作未发生（主动或被动），doing表示主动，正在进行的动作，done
表示被动和完成的动作。
总的原则：分析作宾补的动词与逻辑主语即句子宾语之间的逻辑关系，再结合动作发生的时间（未发生、正在发生或已经发生）来选择合适的形式。
练习：
1 Don't leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
2 My advisor encouraged ______ a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take
3 Helen had to shout ______ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 4 Laws that punish parents for their little children's actions against the laws get parents ______.
A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
5 The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
6 He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
7 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
8The ______ boy was last seen ______ near the East Lake.
A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play
9 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year.
A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out
10 The result of the election was not made _____until last Friday.
A knowing B known C to know D to be known
11 The terrible gunshot sent people ____ in all directions from the villagers.
A to run B running C to walk D flying
12 who would you rather ____with you to the park, John or Tom?
A to go B have gone C have go D going
考点四：非谓语做宾语
解题技巧：记忆动词搭配, 做题事半功倍。
（有些动词后面只能用Ving 做宾语，有些只能用不定式做宾语，有些两者皆可。必须弄清以下常考词的搭配、意义及区别）
A:
agree, want, decide/ make up one’s mind/determine, expect/hope/wish, manage/try, plan/intend/mean, learn, want, pretend, refuse, offer, promist, choose, ask/beg, help, afford, strive, remain, happen, seem, appear等 have no choice but to do sth, cannot choose but do sth, can do nothing but do sth.等
●告(诉)知（道）类动词后常由wh +to do 结构做宾语
Tell/ show / explain/ teach/ advice/ discuss/ understand/ know/ learn +wh- to do sth.
练习：
1 To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem _____ all the time.
A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse 2 I don't know whether you happen ______ it , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.
A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
4 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
5 When his father came back, the boy pretended ________his homework.
A doing B to do C to doing D to be doing
B 以下动词只能用动名词 做宾语
advise, allow, admit, consider, deny, delay, suggest, excuse, fancy, avoid, miss, keep, practise, finish, enjoy, appreciate, mind, permit, forbid, escape, imagine, risk, recommend, resist, understand等
burst out, feel like, give up, end up, put off, can’t help, can’t stand, lead to, get used to, get accustomed, get down to, insist on, contribute to, be devoted to, make contributions to, be committed to, set about, look forward to, stick to, object to, pay attention to等
be busy doing sth, have difficulty/trouble/problems doing sth, have a wonderful/terrible time doing sth, there is
not point/sense in doing sth 等
练习：
1 . I am busy _____ for the entrance examination, so I can’t help _____ housework at home.
A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do
2 Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.
A. deal B. to deal C. dealt D. dealing
3 The woman found it no good _____ her daughter too much money.
A. giving B. being given C. given D. gave
4 Rather than ___ on a crowded bus ,he always perfers ___ a bicycle.
A ride ;ride B riding ; ride C ride ; to ride D to ride ; riding
5 Tony was very unhappy for ______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
6 One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct
7 I really appreciate ______ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had time B. have time C. to have time D. having time
8 Sandy could do nothing but ______ teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit
9 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up
10 In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______
their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made）
11 Victor apologized for ______ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able D. him to be not able 12 The first thing that probably needs _____is to ask your mother’s advice.
A to do B to be done C being done D be done
13 I had no choice but ________.
A do as you tell me B to do as you told me C to do what you’ll say D doing as you say
14 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A have been missing B have got lost C be missing D get lost
15 They look forward with hope ________ a chance to receive further education.
A of getting B to get C to getting D in getting
考点五： 非谓语动词做主语和表语
解题技巧： 弄清todo与doing 形式做表语的区别。
归纳： doing一般表示经常性习惯性的动作，而to do一般表示一次性具体的动作。 1 It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader.
A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested
C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest
2 John’s bad habit is _____ without thorough understanding.
A. read B. being read C. to be read D. reading
非谓语动词高考题：
20xx年高考
1. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—_______________ her this weekend? （全国卷I）
A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why don’t visit
2. —The last one __________________ pays the meal.
—Agreed! （全国卷I）
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
3. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （全国卷I）
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
4. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks ____ could be heard outside the classroom. （全国卷II）
A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. （上海卷）
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
6. There is nothing more I can try ______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. （上海卷）
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade
7. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. （上海卷）
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
8. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ________at the end of l ast March. （山东卷）
A．has been launched B．having been launched C．being launched D．to be launched
9. Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop. （山东卷）
A．to seat B．to be seated C．seating D．seated
10. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it. （安徽卷）
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
11. —Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! （安徽卷）
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
12. —Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. （北京卷）
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
13. He is a student at Oxford University, __________ for a degree in computer science. （北京卷）
A. studied B. studying C. to have studied D. to be studying
14. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period. （福建卷）
A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve
15. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry. With so much work my mind, I almost break down. （福建卷）
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
16. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _________, and asked myself what I was going to do. （湖南卷）A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved
17. ―Things _________ never come again!‖ I couldn’t help talking to myself. （湖南卷）
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
18. —Can I smoke here?
—Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. （江苏卷）
A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking
19. My parents have always made me ______ about myself, even when I was twelve. （江苏卷）
A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good
20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures. （江苏卷）
A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest
（江西卷）
A. training B. being trained C. to have trained D. to be trained
22. that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her. （陕西卷）
A. To have said B. Having said C. To say D. Saying
to the city centre for the fashion show. （上海春）
A．to go B．going C．to have gone D．having gone
24. （上海春）
A．To ensure B．EnsuringC．Having ensured. D．To have ensured
（上海春）
A．display B．to display C．displaying D．displayed
26. Peter received a letter just now ________ his grandma would come to see him soon. （四川卷）
A．said B．says C．saying D．to say
27. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. （四川卷）
A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
28. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. （天津卷）A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let
29. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.（浙江卷）
A. to be heard B. to have heard C. hearing D. being heard
30. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. （浙江卷）
A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven
31. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. （重庆卷）
A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished
32. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. （辽宁卷）
A. breaking B. having broken C. to have broken D. break
33. You can't imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm. （辽宁卷）
A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking
（陕西卷）
A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair
20xx年高考
1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.（全国I卷）
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
2._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （安徽卷）
A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
3. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. （福建卷）A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited
4. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me? （福建卷）
A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat
5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road. （湖南卷）
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
6. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. （湖南卷）
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can. （江苏卷）
A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
8. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant. （山东卷）
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
9. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone. （江西卷）
A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted
10. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.（江西卷）
A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows
11. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （辽宁卷）
A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped
12. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. （陕西卷）A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment. (四川卷)
A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting
14. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （浙江卷）
A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. （浙江卷）
A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found
16. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. （北京卷）
A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen
17. –Did the book give the information you needed? （北京卷）
–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding
18. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （北京卷）
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
19. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. （天津卷）
A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown
20. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （重庆卷）
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it. (上海卷)
A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried
22. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. (上海卷)
A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing
23. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. (上海卷)
A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk
24. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (上海卷)A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located
答 案
作状语： BABAB CBDCA DB BCABD
作定语： DABAC BDABC BA 作补语： CACD
BDDAC DBACD BC 作宾语： BDDBD
BDACD BDABA CBBAC 作主语和宾语： DD
20xx年高考
1-5 ACACA 6-10 DCBDA 11-15DAB AB 26-30 CABAA 31-34 BADA 20xx年高考
1-5 BBCCB 6-10 DCABC 11-15 BBDCD
16-20 AACCD 21-25 DBBAD 21-24 BABD 16-20 BADDA