1 Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里.乔叟 ：英国文学领导人；The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷的故事

2 记住William Shakespeare威廉.莎士比亚四大悲剧：Hamlet( 哈姆雷特)、Othello(奥赛罗)、King Lear(李尔王)、Macbeth(麦克白) ；

To be or not to be——that is the question 出自 Hamlet p8

Sonnet 18：abab cdcd efef gg p14

3 p18 Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根（15 16世纪） 看of studies 背诵段 p20 散文特点：concise简洁

4 p23 John Donne 约翰.邓恩（17世纪英国诗人）他被认为是“玄学派诗人”Metaphysical poets的重要代表；记住conceit奇喻（flea跳蚤：了解讲了什么 p24；sun太阳；compass圆规）

与邓恩同时期的有John.Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 写了Paradise Lost 失乐园（反抗上帝的权威）p27

5 启蒙时期

Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 鲁宾孙漂流记 The Life and Strange Surprising adventures of Robinson

Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特 格列佛游记 Gulliver’s travel （由小人国，大人国，飞岛国，慧马国4部分组成）p40讽刺英国社会 写作特点：satire讽刺

6 浪漫主义时期（诗歌的时期）

积极主义浪漫诗人：1）p76 George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦

代表作：Don Juan唐璜 第一部作品：Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.哈罗德游记 看下：She walks in beauty 她在美中行

2）p79 Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西.比希.雪莱

3）p84 John Keats 约翰.济慈

消极主义浪漫诗人(也叫湖畔诗人)：1)p59 William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯: I wonder lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵云独自漂流 中文版《水仙花》

2）p61 Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治

3）Robert Southey 罗伯特.骚塞

前浪漫主义诗人（pre-romanticism）1）p55 Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯 A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰

2）p50 William Blake威廉·布莱克 The Tyger 老虎

7 批判现实主义时期（critical realism）（小说的时代）

重点讲了：p101 Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯 的Great Expectations 远大前程

要知道：1）p89 Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂·勃朗特 的Jane Eyre 简.爱 最后一段（讲述了女性获取平等的成长故事）；经典对话：在花园里的那段对话

2）Emily Bronte艾米莉·勃朗特 的 Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》

还要记住：p67 Jane Austen简·奥斯丁的 Pride and Prejudice《傲慢与偏见》第一章，记住第一句话： It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.

8 p124 Tomas Hardy 托马斯.哈代 naturalism自然主义（人的命运由环境和遗传决定） 是一种悲观现实主义 pessimistic realism

它的产生与达尔文的进化论有关

9 戏剧家：1)p135 Oscar Wilde奥斯卡·王尔德 唯美主义理论：为艺术而艺术 "Art for art's sake"（艺术、文学无任何社会责任、道德责任等）

2）p141 George Bernard Shaw 乔治·萧伯纳(把舞台当成反映观点的场所) 是自莎士比亚来最伟大的剧作家，对Pygmalion 要有个印象。

3）p182 D.H. Lawrence D.H.劳伦斯（最受争议的作家，受弗洛伊德的影响）四部作品：Sons and Lovers 儿子与情人，The Rainbow 虹，Women in love 恋爱中的女人，Lady Chatterley’s Lover 查泰莱夫人的情人

10 意识流

P172 James Joyce 詹姆斯.乔伊斯 的 Ulysses 尤利西斯

Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚.伍尔芙 的 Mrs. Dalloway 达罗卫夫人（叙事角度的变化：买花→领居；叙事时间的变化：现在→18岁→现在；心理时间：现在→18岁→现在；物理时间：big bang）

重点讲过的：

小说：Jane Eyre；Pride and Prejudice；Great expectation；Mrs.Dalloway；Tess of the D’Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝不考大题，但可能会叫你做一个comment）

散文：Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根的

诗歌：Sonnet 18；George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦She walks in beauty 她在美中行；William Wordsworth； 威廉.华兹华斯: I wonder lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵云独自漂流；Robert Burns罗伯特·彭斯 A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰；

1 10个匹配题：如Jane Eyre 的作者是谁，Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》的作者是谁 2 25个选择填空较难：考一些文学常识；作品创作特点；如浪漫主义时期是个什么时代（诗歌）

3 3篇阅读：1）作者 2）作品名 3）小问题

4 欣赏小短文（120——150词）Jane Eyre？

看讲过的中文欣赏部分；

第二篇：英美文学

英国文学知识点梳理：

1. Renaissance: ( from 14th century to 17th century)

Definition: Renaissance is commonly applied to the movement or period in Western

civilization, which marks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. An age of

drama and poetry.

Reasons: the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in

geography and astronomy, the religious reformation and economic expansion

Significance: a reflection of the class struggle waged by the new rising bourgeoisie

against the feudal class and its ideology.

William Caxton—the first person who introduced printing into England.

Sonnet: originated in Italy, sonnet is a fourteen-line poem with a distinctive

rhyme scheme and metrical pattern. It was introduced to England by Sir Wyatt in the

early stage of English Renaissance and then further cultivated by Edmund Spenser and

William Shakespeare so as to produce respectively the Spenserian stanza and

Shakespearian stanza, both of which exerted great influence on the successing poets.

Shakespearian Stanza: Shakespearean Sonnet is made up of three quatrains(四行诗节)

with different rhymes, followed by a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.

Spenserian Stanza: invented by Edmund Spenser. It is a stanza of 9 lines, with the

first eight lines in iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步& the last line in iambic

hexameter抑扬格六音步, rhyming ababbcbcc.

blank verse—is unrhymed poetry with each line written in iambic pentamet

Metaphysical Poetry:

Definition: The term is commonly used to name the work in the 17th century written by the writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Representatives: John Donne & George Herbert

Technique: Peculiar/Metaphysical conceits(奇喻)

General Features: a. The diction is simple and echoes the words and cadence of

common speech.The imagery is drawn from the actual life yet subtle, the extended

metaphors for such images are typically called “metaphysical/peculiar

conceits”. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s loved, with

God, or with himself.

2. Neo-classic Period:

1)The Enlightenment Movement—The Age of Reason

Definition: The Enlightenment refers to a progressive intellectual movement

throughout Western Europe that spans approximately one hundred years from

1680s to 1789.

Purpose: to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and

artistic ideas.

2) Neoclassicism: (Main literary form—English Novels)

Definition: In literary criticism, this term refers to the revival of the attitudes and

styles of expression of classical literature. It is generally used to describe a period in

European history beginning in the late seventeenth century and lasting until about

1800.

Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature: fixed laws and rules for almost every

genre of literature. Prose: lyrical, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, each class

guided by its own principles. Drama: in Heroic Couplet; strictly observation of the 3

unity of time, space and action; regularity in construction; type characters

rather than individuals. Mainstream of literature: realism—writers described the

social realities.

3. Romantic Period: (an age of poetry)

1) Romanticism

English Romanticism is said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of

Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads and to have ended in 1832 with

Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the

Parliament.

2) Characteristics of the Age

The Romantic Age is emphatically an age of poetry. Women novelists appeared in this age. It was during this period that women assumed, for the first time, an important place in English literature. (Jane Austen) The greatest historical novelists Walter Scott belongs to this period. His

historical novels combines a romantic atmosphere with a realistic depiction of

historical background and common people’s life. Scott marked the transition

from romanticism to the period of realism that followed it.

4. The Victorian Period:

1) Victorian Literature

The novel became the most widely read and most vital and challenging

expression of progressive thought.

The Victorian age was also a great one for non-fictional prose. The poets of this period were mainly characterized by their experiment with

new styles and new ways of expression.

2) Critical Realism

English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the 1840s and early 1850s. It found its expression mainly in the writing of novels and the greatest

English critical realist of the time was Charles Dickens—a humorist and

satirist, a great bourgoisie intellect who could not overstep the limits of

his class. The English critical realism of the 19th century not only gave a satirical

portrayal of the bourgeoisie and all the ruling classes, but also showed

profound sympathy for the common people.

5. The Modern Period—marked by the publification of T. S. Eliot’s The Wast

Land: (Prevailing Genre: Fictions)

1) Cultural Background

Darwin’s Origin of Species and social Darwinism;Einstein’s theory of relativity; Freud’s

analytical psychology; irrational philosophers including Schopenhauer, Nietzsche and

Bergson.

2) The Differences Between Realism and Modernism:

Realism: Theoratical Base ---Rational Philosophy Function of Literature--- Educate

People and Criticize Social Evils Subject--- Public, Exterior World Conception of

Time &Space--- Clock Time, Geographic space Forms and Techniques--- Hero, Plot

Tone--- Optimistic

Modernism: Theoratical Base --- Irrational Philosophy Function of Literature---

Expression of "Self" Subject--- Private, Interior World

Conception of Time &Space--- Psychological Time &Space Forms and Techniques---

Anti-hero, Anti-plot

Tone--- Pessimistic

Modernism is , in many aspects, a reaction against rationalism, it rose out of

skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The Major theme of Modernism:

distoreted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society,

man and man, and man and himself.

Literary Trends: expressionism, surrealism(超现实主义), futurism, imagism and stream

of consciousness, existentialsm.

美国文学

1. Literature of Colonial Period

a. Indian tribes had a rich store of oral literature in the forms of songs, spells, charms,

omens ,riddles and stories.

b. Three stages: Traditional literature, Transitional Literature, Modern Literature c. The first permanent English settlement was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.

d. Puritanism :Origin of Puritan

Doctrines: based on Calvinism 1)predestination 2)original sin and total depravity

3)limited atonement 4)theocracy

Influence on American Literature 1)Its optimism has exerted a great influence on

American literature 2)Puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception changed

gradually into a literary symbolism

e. Literature of Colonial Settlement: Forms: histories, travel account, biographies,

diaries, letters, autobiographies, sermons and poems. Characteristics: 1) American

colonial literature is neither real literature nor American. 2) Their writings served either

God or colonial expansion

2. The Literature of the Revolutionary Period:

a. The Age of Reason: Definition: A rational society is that “reforms the mind,

sweetens the temper, cheers the spirits, and promotes health” (by Thomas

Jefferson).

b. The forms of literature: ballads, skits, broadsides, newspaper poems, editorials,

essays, private and public letters, satires, pamphlets

3. The Literature of the Romantic Period

1) American Romanticism: an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe

in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on

the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and

forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions.

native factors: It is a period following American independence.(Political independence,

economic development and territorial expansion contributed much to literature.

foreign influence: Romanticism emerged from England and it added impetus to the

growth of Romanticism in America.

2) Distinct Features of American Romanticism

a. It was in essence the expression of a real new experience

b. American Puritanism served as a cultural heritage in American literature. c. American new ideals were strong enough to inspire Romantic spirit

d. both imitative & independent

4. The Literature of the Realistic Period:

a. Realism: is a term applied to literary composition that aims at an prejudice, idealism, or romantic color.

b. Time: Realism flourished from the Civil War to the turn of the century.

c. Features: (1) It stresses truthful treatment of material. (2) Characterization is the center of the story. (3) Open ending is a good example of the truthful treatment of material. (4) Realism focuses on common characters and everyday events. (5) Realism emphasizes objectivity. (6) Realism presents moral vision.

d. Two Literary Trends:

1)Local Color(or Local Corlorism/Regionalism etc.)

a. Local Color is a term applied to literature which, as that have escaped standardizing cultural influences

b. Features: Presenting a locale which is distinguished from the outside world; Describing the exotic and the picturesque; Nostalgia; Showing things as they are; The influence of setting on character（environmental determinism）

2) Naturalism:

a. Background: 1) Darwinism’s key points: the struggle for existence or evolution, the survival of the fittest, natural selection. 2) Social Darwinism: the weak and stupid would fall victim in the natural course of events to economic forces.

b. Definition: Naturalism is a critical term applied to the method of literary

composition

c. Features:Humans are controlled by laws of heredity and environment. The universe is cold, godless, indifferent, and hostile to human desires.

The literary naturalists have a major difference from the realists. (Violent, sensational, sordid, unpleasant and ugly vs. genteel)

5. The Literature of the Modernist Period:

1). Modernism:

Cultural Background: Darwin’s Origin of Species; Freud’s analytical psychology (libido, id, ego, superego); Irrational Philosophers: Schopenhauer & Nietzsche

Modernist literature is characterized chiefly by a rejection of 19th-century traditions.

2) Imagism: (Leaders: Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell)

Definition: Imagism is the doctrine and poetic practice of a small but influential group of American and British poets calling themselves imagists between 1912 and 1917. Aiming at a new clarity and exactness in the short lyric poem, the imagists cultivated concision and directness, building their short poems around single images; they also preferred looser cadences to traditional regular rhythms.

Features: Free choice of subject matter, Free verse, Image Without interpretation or comment

Influences: a. The imagist theories call for brief language, describing the precise picture in as few words as possible. This new way of poetry composition has a lasting influence in the 20th century poetry. b. The second lasting influence of Imagism is the form of free verse. There are no metrical rules. There are apparent indiscriminate line breaks, which reflects the discontinuity of life itself. That is art of the poem. (The poet uses the length of the lines and the strange groupings of words to show how life itself can be broken up into somehow meaningless clusters.)

2)The Lost Generation:

. first used by Gertrude Stein, an American woman writer, who was one of the leaders of the group,the term defines a sense of moral loss or aimlessness. The WWI destroyed the innocent ideas, many good young men went to the war and died, or

returned damaged, both physically and mentally; their moral faith were no longer valid--- they were “Lost.”

In the Narrow Sense: a group of American writers, including Hemingway,

F.S.Fitzgerald, J.Dos Passos, E.E.Cummings, Sherwood Anderson, and Hart Crane, etc.

In the Broad Sense: the entire post WWI American young generation

Main Characteristics: Suffering from the war, losing beliefs, being cut off from life, indulged in drinking and partying.