Working Paper

Committee: General Assembly

Topic: Marine Issues and Resource Development of Asia-Pacific Region Submitted by: Australia, Japan, USA, Peru

Fishery resource

1. Make good use of this advantage, focusing on developing ocean fishing and fishery resources on continental shelf.

2. Designate fishery healthcare districts and increases efforts to protect the fishery resources.

3. Divide the development and utilization of fishery resource into the following levels: ①exhausted usage; ②excessive usage; ③sufficient usage; ④insufficient usage.

4. Establish the International Fishery Organization to strengthen the surveillance and control on the depletion of fish stocks, forbid and punish over-fishing and illegal fishing, ensuring the sustainable development of fishery resources.

5. Appear to widespread the new technology about fishing, which reduce the harm to fish stocks

6. Realize transferring quantitative fishery to qualitative fishery.

Mineral resource

1. Exploit and develop nodule, oil and gas resource actively

2. Make a deep research over the feasibility of the development and protection of mineral resource to further improve the level of the development and utilization of mineral resource.

3. Coexist independent mining and external cooperation and insist on scientific and technological innovation.

New energy

1. We hope every country can focus on ocean which contains renewable energy like tidal energy and solar energy. Cooperation between developed countries which have exploitation technology and developing countries with potential new energy is needed eagerly.

Ecosystem protection

Act in accordance with the laws and rules produced by the UN. Special measures should be taken to ensure the countries’ own ecological environment received sufficient protection.

1. Coastal countries should take the responsibility to build its ecosystem protection zone to guarantee the diversity of living resource.

2. Get the pollution which inflow the sea controlled so that every country has the duty to ensure its detection process strict.

3. Establish an agreement to regulate the marine mining activities to not damage

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7. marine animal habitats. Maximize the use of renewable energy and minimize the amount of fossil energy. By means of preserve the ocean to develop our tourism industry. Appeal the heavy industry countries to make promise on reducing the emission of carbon dioxide，weakness the global warming，prevent the rising of sea level ,protect the diversity of marine species and habitat to all lives Encourage globe speed up the researches on new energy and make more technology communication, in order to avoid the exploitation about fossil fuels destroy the habitats and cause air pollution.

Maritime transportation safety

1. Intensify the attack on terrorism

2. Strengthen global and regional cooperation in safeguarding the merchant ships

3. Give economical assistants to developing countries and increases investment in these countries

4. Suggest the IMO set a new standard on building ship，such as using new material and double bottom，ensure the security about ship，in case the accident of oil leak happens. Also appeal IMO strength the monitor to ship transportation, in case the old ship shipping causing accident.

5. Appeal to set a more effective project to deal with the accident of air leak，including reduce the time to arrive at accident scene and improve technology to salvage and decompose leaked oil

6. Appeal globe to cooperate and fight against the marine criminal activities

7. Set up a supervisory system to monitoring, control and surveillance of both fishing and carrier vessels, such as vessel registers, mandatory notification of the intention to transship and the application of vessel monitoring systems.

Marine tourism

1. Strengthen the tourism infrastructure and ecological environment construction.

2. Planning the construction of tourist attraction is benefit to the full development and utilization of marine resources.

3. Determine tourism environmental capacity scientifically.

第二篇：模拟联合国MUN position paper

This issue before the General Assembly Plenary Committee is Climate Change/Environmental Degradation as a Source of Conflict. In contemporary, the threat from climate change and environment degradation has been not only just a environment issues but has developed to a security issues. While the globe warming problem remains and getting worse, environment issues gives rise to numerous problems.

A shift in global climate will reshape coastlines, alter disease prevalence, change where rain falls, and alter where people can find water, grow food and live, says Oli Brown, of the International Institute for Sustainable Development’s (IISD). This could force communities and nations into conflict as they struggle to access re-sources or are forced into "distressed" migration.

Additionally, climate change should not be seen as a stand-alone problem but rather as one that threatens to

amplify existing social and environmental pressures which drive human conflict, including desertification, water scarcity, land degradation and fisheries depletion.

2.1、非洲

Africa and those less-developed regions are places that especially demand our attention, for these converging crises are expected to reverse development trends across Africa, the continent regarded as one of the most vul-nerable to the fallout of climatic shifts. Given the nature of African conflicts, which permeate across borders, climate change would aggravate territory and border disputes, migration, food insecurity and water stress.

2.2、其他地区

Besides Africa, shrinking natural resources, combined with climate change, also caused more failed states and mass migration, added Heinrich Boll Foundation co-president, Ralf Fücks, who hosted the event at the Centre for the Book in Cape Town.

2.3、北极

The intensifying competition over access to, and control over, energy resources in Arctic region also exactly indicated that saying. The Arctic thaw has already created "minor tensions" among some countries over fishing rights around the Spitsbergen archipelago, controlling right of the newly opening up waterways and internation-al trade routes, and the accessibility of the enormous hydrocarbon resources. The geostrategic dynamics of the region is changing.

2.2.1

The others noteworthy conflict zones include Darfur, northern Kenya, and along the Nile River, while distressed migration from the West Africa Sahel was already a point of concern.

3、本国情况

Meanwhile, those problem also disturbed our nation. The major threats can attribute to the melting 积雪 on the Alps, which is disappearing at the speed of 3% per year. It does a great harm to the tourism, especially to the skiing. Moreover, it also increase the risk of the potential blood from the melted snow.

4、呼吁及措施

Therefore, we are faced with an urgent need to elaborate a feasible protocol to limit and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Proper measures have been taken in our nation. We promised on Kyoto Protocol to de-crease 13% of the greenhouse gases emission statistics and a series of Regulation measures has been set up.

Austria government carries out massive investment in environmental protection industry, which makes Austrian environmental technology and environmental management reached an international advanced level.

近年来不仅在国内积极推行可持续发展战略，同时加强了与邻国尤其是前东欧国家的环保合作。

邻国的一些友好城市设立办事处，派出包括环保专家的工作人员，与他们在大气保护、垃圾与污水治理等涉及环保的多领域展开合作。

In 2009, Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Austria claimed that environment protec-tion would be considered as the primary mission of foreign development cooperation, especially to developing countries, and focus on helping them get rid of poverty by sustainable use of resources.

In recent years we not only pursued in domestic sustainable development strategy, but also strengthen coopera-tion in environmental protection with neighbor countries, particularly with former Eastern European countries.

Austrian environment minister Belakovic claimed that the reason that we considered the environment protection as the primary mission of foreign development cooperation is to promote effective environmental action in all areas.

Our government emphasizes that we need to inject a greater sense of urgency into global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Fully aware the importance, a reasonable criterion is desired to be instituted according to member nations’ own level of development. We urge all the member nations to subscribe the protocol as quickly as possible.

In the meanwhile, cooperation and communication on environment technology will definitely be of great signi-ficance in the mitigation of climate change, for many developing countries don’t have the capacity to cope with the extreme weathers, catastrophes and the conflicts that contributing to environmental degradation. Thus, we welcome nations with high-techs assume responsibility to help other countries by giving financial and technical support. Meanwhile, developing countries should take more responsibility on environment protection and de-vote on the sustainable development. Furthermore, we except a system of inspection can be set up to ensure the United Nations’ policies to be well enforced.

Ultimately, we deeply believed that deepening international cooperation and communication is a promising remedy for environment issues and also an effective way to decrease conflict contributing to climate change.