1.增补(Addition)
in addition另外, furthermore此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外 , similarly, finally最后
2.比较(Comparison)
in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地
3.对照(Contrast)
whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while
4.因果(Cause and effect)
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
5.强调(Emphasis)
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant
6.让步(Concession)
although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....
7.例证(Exemplification)
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8.总结(Conclusion)
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary
9.推断(Inference)
therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
10.时间和空间(Time and space)
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
11.启承转合
1)、启
A proverb says...... At present.......
As the proverb says.... Currently.....
Generally speaking, .... Now,....
In general, ..... On the Whole....
It is clear that.... Recently.....
It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......
2)、承
First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........
Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....
In the first place, .........
To begin with, ......... Of course, .........
Also, ....... Similarly,.........
At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....
Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......
In addition,..... What`s more, ..........
In fact........ It can be easily proved that...
Meanwhile......
3)、转
But... Still, ......
But the problem is not so simple...
There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to....... However,
....... To our surprise,..........
Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......
On the other hand, .......
Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........
Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....
4)、合
Above all, In brief, ........
Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........
All in all, .......
In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........
As a consequence, ......... In short, .........
As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........
In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....
Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....
On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........
Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........
To conclude, ...... Finally, ........
To sum up, ..... In a word, ......
To summarize, ......
1.individuals,characters替换(people ,persons)
2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good
3。dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换
eg： An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with
girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many. 注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
eg:Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that?.同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
5.a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some
6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that替换think(因为是书面语，所以要加that)
7.affair ,business ,matter替换thing
8.shared替换common
9.reap huge fruits替换get many benefits )
10.for my part ,from my own perspective替换in my opinion
11.Increasing(ly),growing替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.
eg：sth has gained growing popularity.Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything, 或little or nothing替换hardly
13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful,
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser, 替换customer
15.exceedingly,extremely, intensely替换very
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable
17.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in
18.capture one’s attention替换attract one’s attention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear
21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 考试大替换cause.
22. There are several reasons behind sth替换..reasons for sth
23.desire替换want.
24.pour attention into替换pay attention to
25.bear in mind that替换remember
26. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)
27. interaction 替换communication
28.frown on sth替换be against , disagree with sth
29.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance
30. next to / virtually impossible,替换nearly / almost impossible
关于时间的那些词：
1.表达“突然,突发”的词
a fit of 突发一阵,阵发 break away (from) 突然离开,脱离;放弃(传统等) break off 折断;突然中断或停止 break out 爆发;突然发生
burst out 突然说出;突然(哭、笑、叫)起来 pop up 突然出现
cross one's mind 突然想起;突然从脑海中掠过,想起来
jump out at 突然出现;一下子吸引住 spring up 突然出现;迅速生长
on short notice 在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间)
2.表达“以前,刚才”的词
a while back 不久以前,刚才 at birth 刚出生
at one time 1.曾经,一度 2.每次,一次 emerge from 从...出来,出现;曾经一度遭到... just now 刚才 the other day 前几天,最近
3.表达“现在,迄今”的词
as yet 迄今为止 at present 现在,目前
by far 到目前为止; 最 even now 即使在现在
ever since 从那时起一直到现在 for the moment 暂时;目前
for the time being 暂时, 眼下 not yet 尚未(到目前为止某事没有发生) on the spot 在现场,当场;立即 so far 迄今为止;到目前为止
to date 到目前为止,迄今
4.表达“马上,立刻”的词
at once 马上,立刻 in a hurry 匆忙;立即,很快地
in a little while 不久,立刻 in a moment 立即,立刻
in no time 马上,立即 jump at 急忙接受;立即抓住
no sooner ... than 一...就...;马上,立即 right away 立即,马上
5.表达“以后,将来”的词
about to 正要,即将 after hours 办公(营业)时间以后
before long 不久以后;很快 by and by 不久以后,过一段时间;逐渐地 from now on 今后;从现在起 in the near future 在不远的将来
look beyond 朝比...更远的地方看;考虑...以后(更大)的问题
6.表达“在...时候”的词
as long as 1.既然;在...的时候(指时间) 2.只要(指条件)
at a time 在某个时刻;每次
at all times 一直,在任何时候
at any time/moment 在任何时候,随时
at the height of sth. 在...的最鼎盛时
at the peak of 在...高峰期; (在事业)登峰造极之时
by the time 到...的时候
cram for 死记硬背;临时抱佛脚
in due time & in time 及时地,在适当的时候
in surgery 正在做手术
in the act of doing sth. 做...时
in the meantime 在...期间;同时
in the middle of doing sth. 正在做某事
It's high time 是...的时候了
just as 1.正像,正如 2.正当...的时候
on one's own time 自己的时间;非工作时间
on short notice 在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间) order of the day 某一时间内必须做或通常做的事
under warranty 在保修期内
7.表达“...时间或时期”词
at maturity (动物)成熟期 baby boom 生育高峰时期 reproductive cycle 繁殖周期 rush hour 交通高峰时间 spare time 业余时间 time off 空闲时间