Argumentative Writing四级写作之议论文的写作

议论文属于观点论证型写作。此类题目有种命题方式：

（1）要求考生对某一观点或做法进行论证从而得出其合理性。

（2）要求考生对某一观点或做法进行“驳斥” 。也就是要求考生在这些有争议的问题上所反映出来的一种看法进行支持或批评，然后阐述自己在这方面的看法和观点。并要着重阐述赞成或是反对这个观点的理由。

1. 第一种类型议论文模板（模板一适用）

适用范围：提纲一般先提出某个受到普遍认同的观点，然后可能会直接要求论证这一观点的正确性和重要性，也可能要求论证坚持这一观点的重要性和必要性。

Example: Work is a necessity

1. 在现代社会，工作对于一个人来说意义重大

2. 论证工作的必要性。

分析：提纲第一点提出一种观点，第二点要求论证这种观点的正确性，可见属于观点论证型，重点在于对该观点正确性的论证。

模板一(十二句作文)

1. 论点

2. For 论点涉及的对象, whether 论点涉及对象的所属范围一 or 论点涉及对象的所属范围二，正确性表现一。

3. No doubt,正确性表现二。

4. There are many facts support this argument.

5. Above all, 论据一

6. 进一步说明论据一

7. Moreover, 论据二

8. For example, 支持论据二的事例。

9. In addition, 论据三。

10. All mentioned above tells us that 重申观点。

11. 违背该观点可能带来的影响。

12. Therefore, there is no denying that 论点涉及的对象 should 正确的态度或做法。

范文：

①Work is becoming more and more indispensable to man’s existence. ②For modern people, whether men or women, work is more than a means to make a living, but is a necessity. ③. No doubt, without work, one will feel senseless. （提出观点段）

④Many remarkable reasons contribute to this argument. ⑤First of all, for most people, work is the source of happiness and satisfaction. ⑥They apply their talents and knowledge to their work, in which they realize their personal values. ⑦What’s more, many facts prove that the more one uses his brain, the more active and efficient he is in thinking. ⑧For example, scientists always have sharper minds than ordinary people. ⑨Besides, work also offers ambitious people chances to realize their dreams.（论证观点段） ⑩All mentioned above tell us that work is of quite importance in modern society. 11. Those without work for a long time will find life boring and miss many wonderful things in the society. 12 Therefore, there is no denying that everyone has to work to realize his personal value.（总结观点段）

2. 第二种类型议论文模板（模板二模板三适用）

适用范围：提纲先给出一个谚语、格言并要求阐述其中的道理，然后要求对谚语中的道理进行论证。（多为例证）

Example：Practice Makes Perfect

1. 怎样理解“熟能生巧”

2. 例如：在英语学习中??

3. 又如：??

分析：提纲第一点要求阐述谚语中的道理，第二、三点要求举例论证这一道理，可见属于观点论证型，重点在于对谚语中所蕴含道理的论证。

模板二

1. It is generally accepted that 论点

2. 正确性表现一。

3. Besides, 正确性表现二。

4. There are numerous facts supporting this proverb.

5. A case in point is 例证一

6. This is close to suggest 例证一的道理

7. For another example, 例证二

8. 进一步说明例证二。

9. In addition, 例证三。

10. Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that 重申观点。

11. 违背该观点可能带来的影响。

12. Therefore, 正确的态度或做法。

模板三：

It is well know to us that the proverb: “谚语 ” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means 谚语的含义 . The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）

A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.

With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.

范文：

1. "Practice makes perfect", is a proverb full of logic, which has been generally accepted. 2 It tells us that if we practise unfamiliar things again and again, we'll be able to perform it perfectly. 3 The truth of it is deep and profound.

4 Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument. 5 A case in point is in order to learn English well, we need extra practice, such as reading English books, listening to English broadcast, or communicating with foreigners. 6 This is close to suggest people can grasp English only if they follow the saying "Practice makes perfect". 7 For another example, if we want to be skilled at using computers, we also need to practise more often. 8 In that case, you can acquire more knowledge about computer and then you may become a computer expert yourself. 9 Moreover, in other areas of our life, practice is also necessary, and we can hardly do things well without practice and preparation.

10 Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that continuous practice and efforts will lead to final success. 11

But what is worth noting is that if there is no right theoretical direction, practice might go towards a wrong direction. 12 To conclude, practice is very vital to achieve our goals.

3. 第三种类型议论文模板（模板四模板五适用）

适用范围：提纲先指出一种背景现象或做法（大多与本文的论点相矛盾），从而由此引出一种正确的观点。

Example: Wealth Does not Mean Happiness

1. 有些人认为财富就意味着幸福，其实不然

2. 世界上有许多东西是财富换不来的。

分析：提纲第一点指出某些人的观点，第二点指出对这一做法的不赞同，并指出正确的做法（即论点），可见属于观点论证型，重点在于对观点正确性的论证。

模板四

1. For years many people consider that 与论点冲突的背景观点或现象。

2. 进一步说明背景观点或现象。

3. However, 论点。

4. The following reasons can support the argument.

5. Undoubtedly, 论据一

6.进一步说明论据一

7. Furthermore,论据二

8. For example, 支持论据二的事例。

9. In addition,论据三。

10. All mentioned above tell us that 重申观点。

11. 进一步阐述论点。

12. Therefore, we should正确的态度或做法。

模板五

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。 An example they have presented is that 一个例子。According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost n% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观

点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. Reason 1; reason 2.

To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 正确做法 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages of 错误做法 to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely know the true meaning of 讨论议题.

范文：

1. Nowadays still many people believe that wealth equals happiness. 2. They deeply believe that they will surely lead a happy life with a great amount of money. 3. However, wealth is not necessarily associated with happiness. 4. The following reasons can support the argument.

5. Undoubtedly, good health is more important than wealth to a happy life. 6. For example, if someone is diagnosed with an incurable disease, he can only buy pills and medical treatment to extend his life no matter how much money he has, but cannot regain the health. 7. Furthermore, there is a kind of happiness that is indispensable and priceless, but it can not be bought by money. 8. For example, love, no matter in what kinds of forms, can only be won by your genuine emotion. 9. In addition, too much wealth, if not properly used, may encourage its weak-willed owner to be addicted to some harmful habits and bring about his ruin.

10. All mentioned above tell us that wealth does not equal happiness. 11. We can't only count on wealth to obtain happiness. 12. Therefore, we should take a proper attitude towards wealth and make best use of wealth to pursue the happiness.

第二篇：四级议论文写作

议论文写作

1. 议论文的格式： 议论文的格式应由三个部分组成：

立论部分；

论证部分；

结论部分。

一般说来，议论文可分三个基本段落来写：第一段引出话题；第二段立论且加以论证；第三段给出明确的结论。第二段是中心段落，应试者应将主要的内容放在第二段中，同时也要注意开篇及结尾段落的完整性，且应尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。

2. 段落的统一性及语篇的连贯性

1) 段落的统一性英语段落有一大特点，即一个段落只涉及一个主题(甚至只是一个主题的某个方面)。段落中的一个句子点出主题并说明作者对该主题的看法，而其它所有句子都是为展开该主题而给出的事实、例证、推理，它们与主题紧密相关。段落中不应有一个与主题无关的句子。英文段落的这种各个句子与主题的关联性被称作段落的统一性。

2) 语篇的连贯性英语议论文的段落多采取直线展开式，即段落开始直接切入主题，并给出事实、例证、推理等。英语议论文段落这种展开方式是形成其语篇连贯的基础。语篇的连贯是指段落中各句的意义通过某种有序的排列(如时间顺序、因果顺序、逻辑顺序等)而相互关联。在论述该段落主题的时候，每后一个句子都是建立在前面一个句子的基础之上的。如果去掉段落中的一个句子，这种连贯便会受到影响，就会造成读者在理解上的困难。

3. 议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据、议论文中常用的词句与短语

议论文中心段落的主题句及其论据 .一篇议论文能否获得高分与其中心段落主题句的质量不无关联，而主题句质量的高低则又取决于审题的好坏和论据的选择(即所选的论据在逻辑性、说理性、准确性及与主题内容的关联性等方面是否都经得起推敲)。需要明确的是，中心段落只应有两个组成部分：段落的主题句和支持主题句的论据。段落的主题句也应有两个部分组成，即：主题句=主题 作者对主题的看法或态度，两者缺一不可。假设应试者被要求写一篇有关吸烟的议论文，那么 SMOKING 就是中心段落的主题一般说来，议论文要求应试者阐明自己对某问题的看法或态度。因此当我们拿到议论文的题目以后，要认真审题，权衡某事的利与弊，然后确定我们的立场。如何构建段落的主题句呢？拿到议论文的题目以后，经认真审题后，用英文列出你所能想起的与主题有关的例证。

Argumentation型

（1）模版一

There is no consensus among the people as to the view of _________ (主题). Some people hold the idea that _______________________ (观点A). A case in point is that _____________________________ (支持观点A的例子).

On the other hand, others may have a quite different view. According to them, ______________ (观点B). The most typical example is that __________ (支持观点B的例子).

Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some extent, but the latter is more convincing.

（2）模版二

___________ (主题) is a common occurrence in our lives. The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person. Some people tend to ______________ when they are asked _________________ (观点A) because _______________________ (支持观点A的原因). The most typical example is that ____________________________ (支持观点A的例子).

However, others argue that ________________________ (观点B). They point out that _______________________ (重申观点B) for the reason that _______________ (支持观点B的原因).

As far as I am concerned, I will choose to __________________ (你的观点) because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.

（1）模版一

When asked about ______________ (主题), some people hold the idea that _________________________ (观点A). As far as they are concerned, _________________________ (展开观点A). But I could not agree with them in several points. In my opinion, ______________________________ (观点B). The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.

In the first place, ___________________________ (支持观点B的理由1). In the second place, ______________________________ (支持观点B的理由2). In the

third place, _______________________________ (支持观点B的理由3).

For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe ____________ (重申观点B).

（2）模版二

Some people believe that __________________________ (观点A). For instance, they hold the idea that ______________________________ (支持观点A的例子). And it may bring them _____________________________ (A带给他们的好处).

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing, _____________________________ (我不同意的理由1). For another, _____________________________ (我不同意的理由2).

As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, I agree to the thought that ______________________________ (重申自己的观点).

（1）模版一

Nowadays many people prefer __________ (主题) because it plays a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. On the one hand, ________________ (主题的优点1). On the other hand, ___________________ (主题的优点2).

But everything can be divided into two. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ___________________ (主题的缺点1). To make matters worse, __________________________ (主题的缺点2).

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects. Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain, ________ (主题) itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.

（2）模版二

With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality. Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful. The phenomenon of ___________ (主题现象) is an example of the former / latter one.

There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects. To start with, __________________ (原因1). Furthermore, ______________________ (原因2). Eventually, ________________________________ (原因3).

Good as ____________ (主题现象) is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages. The apparent example is that ______________ (缺点例子1). In addition, _____________________ (缺点例子2).

On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society. There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate __________ (主题现象) and make our life more comfortable.

例文习作

Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Internet. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in hinese:

1. 有人认为网络可以让学习、工作更有效率

2. 还有人认为网络让青少年沉迷，进而影响学习

3. 你对于网络的看法

The Internet

In the era of information and technology, the Internet has played an improtant role in our society. With the Internet, it's easy to get the information we need, improving the efficiency of our study and work. We can't deny that it is impossible for lots of people to achieve great success in the modern society without the Internet.

However, some people think that the Internet has a bad effect on the growth of the teenagers. The teenagers are too young to resist some temptations from the Internet. Some of them indulge themselves in the Internet and at last are lured away from the study.

In my opinion, we should pay more attention to the advantages of the Internet and make the most of it. Meanwhile, we should teach the teenagers how to use the Internet positively, and make the Internet a tool for their healthy development.

Recreational Activities （1）

21st century has brought with it an unprecedented variety of recreational activities ranging from traditional outdoor activities such as playing ball games to all kinds of online ones, the latter of which is a great appeal to the young generation. So I’d like to narrow my topic down to online recreational activities.

It goes without saying that various activities brought by modern technology have greatly broadened our horizon and brought much excitement to us. With access to the Internet, you can get to know people from any country in the world and you can talk

with them, play games with them --- a temptation very hard to resist, and even see them via web cam. The disadvantage, however, is that anyone who lacks self-control would very easily get lost and become addicted to the online world, which in turn might seriously affect their life, work and interpersonal relationships.

As a college student, I think what really matters is to make better choice and exert more discipline. We’d better take advantage of good online recreational activities to enrich our lives and broaden the scope of knowledge. When it comes to those addictive, time-consuming and less meaningful activities, I think to stay away from them is a wise decision.

Recreational Activities（2）

With the development of living standard, people spend more time on various forms of recreational activities. People can do sports, singing karaoke, go dancing, go to the movies, play video games or online games, or surf the Internet.

Recreational activities are good to people’s health, both physically and mentally. Sports and dancing can keep people fit. Singing karaoke, playing video games or online games can satisfy people’s imagination. Surfing the Internet can bring people a lot of information and knowledge.

However, recreational activities might be harmful if people are addicted. Spending too much time on recreational activities will seriously influence people’s normal lives, especially work and study. Therefore, people will benefit from recreational activities only if they take part in them properly.

Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Stress. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the online below:

1.有的人害怕压力。

2.有的人认为压力并不是一件坏事。

3.我的看法。

On Stress

With the fast are pace of modern life, more and more people are living under great pressure.

Some people are afraid of pressure. They think that the stresses and strains of work deprive them of joy and happiness. In their view, stress does harm to them both physically and mentally. That is why they prefer something less competitive and strenuous to something more demanding and challenging.

Others argue that stress isn't as bad as it often supposed to be. Unless it is overwhelming, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and stimulation. With out stress, you may slack off and idle away your time. It gives purpose and meaning to an otherwise meaningless, dull life. People under stress tend

to bring their potential into full play and to realize their goals.

In my opinion, we shouldn't escape from stress but to face it as it is. What we can do is to adapt to the stress and to profit from it rather than to avoid it.

Direction: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Cars and Air Pollution. You should write no less than 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1.私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生。

2.比较明显的大问题有......

3.我对这种现象的看法。

Car and Air Pollution

Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides

congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death. One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones. Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists

Directions: The summer vacation is drawing near. You, Liming by name, want to find a part-time job. Write an application letter of about 120-150 words within 30 minutes.

Dear Sirs,

I'm Li Ming, a sophomore majoring in English at XX University. I read in yesterday's newspaper that you are looking for a part-time secretary and I think I'll

prove to be a real find for you.

During the past two years at university, I’ve taken over 18 compulsory and optional course, and have according improved my ability of English listening,

speaking, reading, writing and translation considerably. Besides, I have learned a lot about foreign relations and trade. At leisure, I always try to grasp every precious opportunity to practice English with native speakers. As a matter of fact, I've already tried some translation and interpretation jobs. I once worked as a temporary

interpreter at the East China Export Commodities Fair. In addition, during the past two years, I have been working as a part-time tour guide. My jobs offered me good opportunities to improve my English and work competence and I enjoy them very much.

Two weeks from now, I will be on holiday again. If you can grant me the honor to work for your company as a secretary for two months, I'd feel obliged. Thank you for reading my application letter. I'm looking forward to your reply.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: School or Major. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:

1.选择报考的高校时，有人先考虑大学的名气，有人先考虑专业是否热门。

2.如果两者不能兼顾，你先考虑哪个？为什么？

School or Major

Recent years have witnessed a steady increase in the popularity of such majors as international finance, finance and accountancy, international trade and business administration. In the meantime, whether to choose good university or a good major has provoked a debate.

It is true that graduates from prestigious universities are popular in talent markets, so, many students would spare no efforts to be enrolled in good universities. To them, entering a good university means standing on the threshold of a promising career after graduation. But, a good university can give you confidence as well as much

competitive pressure and even the best university has unpopular majors, thus in today's job-hunting society, graduates from these majors could encounter much difficulty in finding a job, let alone a good one, which means they are out of job immediately after graduation.

How about a good major? Maybe you are studying in a common university, but your major is of great competition, then do you still need to worry about your future?

A good major can ensure your future success based on your industry and mastery of your major. If your major is exclusive to only several universities, you surely will become a scarce talent. Do not always pursue a good university; choosing a good major suitable to you is wiser.

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: What does friendship mean? You should write at least 120 words and you shouldbase your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:

1.友谊是人生永恒的主题。

2.友谊到底意味着什么。

3.友谊的重要性。

What does friendship mean? There is no definite answer. An eternal theme in literature, friendship is also indispensable in daily life. Friendship is to our life what salt is to dasher.

When you are happy, friendship is just like adding flowers on the brocade; when you are sad, friendship is a dose of consolation; if you are in trouble, friends will

surround you and remove the barriers for you; if you have a hard nut to crack, you can turn to friends for help. We admire the great friendship between Marx and Engel, which firmly combined them and pushed them forward on the road to exploring and fulfilling Communism.

Friendship isn't almighty, but no one can live happily without it.