げたげた「擬声詞」「擬態詞」

接続：＋笑う

意味：大口をあげてだらしなく笑う声、その様子。＝＝咧着嘴（笑），庸俗地（笑） 例文：1.野卑な冗談をとばしてげたげた笑い合っている。一起说着下流的笑话，咧着嘴哈

哈大笑。

2.女たちの取っ組み合いの喧嘩を、あのおとことめもしないでげたげた笑ってみていたんだ。那个男人看着女人们扭打在一起，也不去劝架，只顾嘎嘎大笑。 けたけた「擬声詞」「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、笑う

意味：場違いな感じを起こさせるほどの無神経な笑い声。また、その様子。＝＝嘻嘻地，

轻薄地笑

例文：1.漫画本なんか見せ合ってけたけた笑っている大学生。看漫画看得嘻嘻傻笑的大学

生。

2.ケーキをぶつけられた私の顔を見て、ウエートレスはけたけたと笑いこけていた。服务员看见我被蛋糕砸中脸，捧腹大笑。

ぐんなり「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、する

意味：生気、活気を失って萎れ、正常な姿が保ってない状態。==懒洋洋地，有气无力地 例文：1.泥酔してぐんなりと正体をなくした友人の体を抱えるようにする。我试着扶起喝

得酩酊大醉神志不清的朋友。

2.船酔いで皆ぐんなりとなって青息吐息。由于晕船，大家都变得有气无力地长吁短叹。

ぐんぐん「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、動詞

意味：力のかかり方が強く、うごきかたが急速である様子。現象の変化や進展がめざしい

状態をいうのにも転用される。==用力，使劲，很快地，突飞猛进，稳步地，不断地

例文：1.巧みな話術でぐんぐん聴衆をひきこんでいく。用巧妙的说话技巧吸引着听众

2.当たるところ敵なくぐんぐん勝ち進み、ついに決勝戦に進出した。没有相当的对手，很快地获胜进入下一阶段的比赛，终于打入了决赛。

くんくん「擬態詞」?擬音詞」

接続：＋と

意味：動物が鼻を鳴らす音。また、息を吸い込むようにして、もののにおいを嗅ぐ様子。

==哼哼

例文：1.子犬はくんくんと鼻を鳴らして頭を擦りつけてきました。小狗哼哼撒娇，开始用

头蹭来蹭去。

2.?うまそうな匂いだ」と、入ってきた男はくんくんと鼻をうごめかした。。“好香啊！”，进来的男人哼哼地抽动着鼻子。

ぐらぐら「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、する、している、揺れる

意味：１＞安定せず、揺れたり動いたりしている状態。心理状態をいうのにも用いられる。

摇晃，摇摇晃晃，摇动，不稳定

例文：1.地震でいえがぐらぐら揺れる。由于地震，房屋摇摇晃晃。

2.前歯が一本ぐらぐらする。一颗门牙晃动了。

２＞熱湯などの沸きかえる様子。（水开得）哗啦哗啦，咕噜咕噜

例文：1.お湯がぐらぐらと煮えたぎる。热水哗啦哗啦煮得沸腾。

2.風呂の湯をこんなぐらぐらに沸かしてしまっては、いくら水をうめてもいれ

やしない要是洗澡水像这样咕噜咕噜地沸腾的话，无论加多少冷水都不能洗。

ぐん「擬態詞」

接続：＋と

意味：１＞一気に強く力の加わる様子。また、動作が勢いよく行われる様子。一口气，使

劲儿

例文：1.関取の胸に頭を当て、ぐんとおしてみるがびくともしない。用头撞关去的胸，使劲的推，也是一动不动。

2.両腕をおもいきりぐんと空は伸ばして大欠伸。两个手臂狠狠地使劲儿往天空中伸展，打了个大大的哈欠。

２＞進歩、成長、変化の著しい様子。==更加，非常

例文：

1.一年見ない間にぐんと成長して、見違えるほど大人になる。一年没见，成长了许多，简直都让人认不出来了。

2.諸君のおかげで生産も売り上げも三年前にくらべぐんと伸びた。承蒙各位努力，声场和销售额与三年前相比有了明显的增加。

ぐるぐる「擬態詞」

接続：＋回る

意味：１＞連続して回転する様子。==滴溜溜地（转）

例文：1.地球はぐるぐる自転しながら一年かかって太陽の周りを回るわけです。地

球滴溜溜地自转一年也绕着太阳转了一圈。

2.レコードが遅くなるとあわててぐるぐるハンドルを回す。唱片一慢下来就

急忙转动把手。

２＞連続して円状に移動する様子。==一层层地

例文：1.道に迷って同じところをぐるぐる回っていたらしい。迷路了，好像在同一个

地方转圈

2.弱火にかけ、焦げないように杓子でぐるぐるかき回しながら煮詰める。调成小火，为防止烧焦，用杓子来回搅拌着煮。

３＞長いものを巻く様子。また巻いてある様子。==一圈圈地

例文：1．釣り糸をリールにぐるぐる巻き込んでいくにつれ、獲物のたしかな手ごた

え。

２．ぐるぐる束ねたザイルを肩に、岩登りにかかる。把成捆的结组绳挎在肩上，开始攀岩。

４＞長いものが巻きつく様子。また、巻きついている様子。==围了一圈又一圈

例文：１．荒縄でぐるぐる巻きにされて転がっていた。用稻草绳子一圈圈地缠绕着滚

下去。

２．息子さんのダンダラ縞の毛糸のストールを借り手コートのうえからぐるぐる巻きつけるとぐっと気分も若返る。借用儿子的各种颜色相间的横条纹毛线围巾从大衣的上面一圈圈地缠绕上去，一下子心情也会变得年轻起来。

くるくる「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、変る、巻く、回る、回転する、動き回る

意味：１＞連続して軽快に回転する様子。==滴溜溜地（转）

例文：1.独楽がくるくると回る。陀螺来回转。

2.少女は目をぐるぐるさせて?本当?と聞く。少女转了转眼珠，问："真的吗？ ２＞連続して輪を描くように移動する様子。また、そのように、動作、思考の回転が活発

であること。==一层层地，一圈圈地

例文：1..時計の周囲に並んだ人形が、オルゴールの音とともにくるくるまわる古い

目覚まし時計。这是个旧闹钟，钟的周围摆着的娃娃随着八音盒来回转。

2.この子はくるくる動き回って、ちっともじっとしていない。这个孩子不停地来及跑，一刻也待不住。

３＞変化のめまぐるしい様子。==变来变去，说变就变

例文：1．予定がこう何度もくるくる変ったんじゃ、用意も出来やしない。如果预约

这样改来改去，根本没法准备。

２．くるくる変りやすい天気。善变的天气。

ぐりぐり「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、する、した、の

意味：１＞押し付けてまわす様子。==按着转

例文：

1.肘でぐるぐるする。用肘按着转。

2.この床屋は、終わると肩に肘を当ててぐりぐりとやってくれるのがなんとも気持ちいい。这个理发师，一给我剪完头就把胳膊肘搭在我的肩上按摩，感觉非常好。

3.堅い殻を割って、中のしんをナイフでぐりぐり手際よく繰りぬいていく。拨开坚硬的外壳，灵巧地转动小刀把里面的东西挖出来。

２＞如何にも丸いと感じさせる様子。また、球形の堅い感触をもいう。＝＝圆溜溜，滴溜圆

例文：1.親父に怒鳴られて、自慢の長髪をくりくりに剃られてしまった。父亲生气

了，把 握自豪的长发剃光了。

2.今時の若者で、ぐりぐりの丸坊主という頭は珍しくない。现在的年轻人，圆圆的光头不再稀奇了。

くりくり「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、する、に

意味：１＞目が回るようによく動く様子。または、そのような感じの大きく丸くめ。==

滴溜溜地，又大又圆

例文：1.目がくりくりしてかわいい子だ。长着圆溜溜大眼睛的可爱的孩子。

2.くりくりした目を見張って、私を不思議そうに見た。瞪着滴溜溜地大眼睛，不可思议的看着我。

２＞毛髪をそって丸く剥き出しの感じになった頭の様子。また、そのような状態に髪を刈ること。==光溜溜，光秃秃

例文：1.親父に怒鳴られて、自慢の長髪をくりくりに剃られてしまった。父亲生气

了，把握自豪的长发剃光了。

2.くりくりに剃りあげて丸い頭の小僧さん。头剃的光溜溜的圆头和尚。

３＞丸々と肥えたさま。

例文：くりくり太った子。胖墩墩的孩子。

くらくら「擬態詞」

接続：＋と、する

意味：１＞眩暈のする様子。＝＝头晕，虚弱无力，脚站不稳

例文：1.頭がくらくらする。头晕得天旋地转。

2.転勤を言い渡されたときには、一瞬くらくらきたよ。被通知说调动工作的时候，我有那么一会儿战斗站不住。

3.いきなり立ち上がったら、くらくらと眩暈がして、またしゃがみこんでしまった。突然站起来，头晕目眩，就又蹲了下来。

２＞湯の煮え立つ様子。==咕嘟咕嘟

例文：釜のお湯がくらくら煮立っている。锅里热水咕嘟咕嘟地煮开了。

第二篇：情态动词与虚拟语气常见考点总结与真题演练

情态动词与虚拟语气常见考点总结与真题演练（李珠萍）

? 情态动词在高考中的考查重点：

1.考查情态动词的基本用法

①shall用于一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等；may表示―允许、可以‖，语气比较委婉。

②must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为―偏偏，偏要‖，mustn‘t表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。cannot 表示―不可能‖；need not 表示―不必要‖；may not 表示―可能不，可以不‖。

③needn‘t表示―没有必要‖

④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向

⑤表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to,而不能用could；could还可以表示过去的某种能力

⑥考查情态动词用作答语的情况

2.考查情态动词+动词不定式一般式表推测的用法

①肯定的推测一般用must,should,may(might)或could(不用can)，其中，must的语气最强，译为―肯定‖、should的语气次之，译为―很可能‖、―应该‖；按常理推测的may(might),could语气最弱，译为―也许‖。

②否定的推测：语气不很肯定时，常用may not,might not或could not，译为―可能不‖―也许不‖；否定语气较强时，则用can‘t，译为―根本不可能‖、―想必不会‖，表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩

③疑问句中推测往往用can或could

3.考查情态动词+动词不定式的完成式表推测的用法

4.考查情态动词+动词不定式完成式的其他用法

①should(ought to)+不定式的完成式：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。

②needn‘t+不定式的完成式：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了

③could+不定式的完成式：本可以做而实际上未能做,含有遗憾的意味

【20xx全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside.

A. can B. should C. must D. may

【20xx北京卷,24】——I don‘t really like James. Why did you invite him?

——Don‘t worry. He come. He said he wasn‘t certain what his plans were.

A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not

【20xx上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.

A. mustn‘t B. won‘t C. mightn‘t D. shouldn‘t

【20xx福建卷,25】——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .

A.will B.must C.may D.can

【20xx安徽卷, 26】——What do you think of store shopping in the future? ——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____. A. will never replace B. would never replace

C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced

【20xx浙江卷,11】——How‘s your new babysitter? ——We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

A. should B. might C. mustn?t D. couldn‘t

【20xx四川卷,20】The police still haven‘t found the lost child, but they‘re doing all they .

A.can B.may C.must D.should

【20xx重庆卷,25】——Why didn‘t you come to Simon‘s party last night? —— I wanted to ,but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.

A. could B. might C. would D. should

【20xx陕西卷,24】——Will you read me a story ,Mummy?

——OK. You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A. might B. must C. could D. shall

【20xx湖南卷,28】No one ________ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

A. can B. need C. must D. might

【20xx辽宁卷,21】If you go, at least wait until the storm is over. A. can B. may C. must D. will

〖10安徽〗Jack described his father, who _______a brave boy many years ago, as a strong– willed man

A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been

〖10湖南〗You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.

A. must B. mustn‘t C. have to D. don‘t have to 〖10江西〗I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it?

A Must B Can C May D Will

〖10山东〗I_______ have watched that movie —it‘ll give me horrible dreams.

A. shouldn‘t B. needn‘t C. couldn‘t D. mustn‘t

〖10天津〗Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.

A. needn‘t B. wouldn‘t C. mustn‘t D. couldn‘t

〖10四川〗— I take the book out?—I‘m afraid not.

A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need

〖答10全国Ⅰ〗Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon .

A. can‘t B. needn‘t C. may not D. whether

〖10江苏〗—I haven‘t got the reference book yet, but I‘ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don‘t worry. You______ have it by Friday.

A. could B. shall C. must D. may

〖10陕西〗May I take this book out of the reading room?

No, you . You read it in here.

A. mightn‘t B. won‘t C. needn‘t D. mustn‘t

〖10全国Ⅱ〗I‘m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He‘s busy.

A. can‘t B. mustn‘t C. shouldn‘t D .needn‘t

〖10辽宁〗Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.

A. can B. will C. must D. may

〖10北京〗---Good morning. I‘ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.

A. might B. must C. would D. can

〖10浙江〗 ―You ____ have a wrong number,‖ she said. ―There‘s no one of that name here.‖

A. need B. can C. must D. would

〖10重庆〗You park here! It‘s an emergency exit.

A. wouldn‘t B. needn‘t C. couldn‘t D. mustn‘t

〖09安徽〗Some people who don‘t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.

A. must B. may C. should D. would

〖09北京〗One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.

A. need B. must C. should D. can

〖09湖南〗— It‘s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here.

— Oh, sorry.

A. must B. will C. may D. need

〖09海南〗What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve

A. should B. would C. will D. shall

〖09上海〗It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.

A. may B. can C. must D. should

〖09四川〗—I don‘t care what people think.

—Well, you _______

A. could B. would C. should D. might

〖09天津〗This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. would B. should C. could D. might

〖09重庆〗—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?

—She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.

A. shall be B. should have been

C. must be D. might have been

〖09全国II〗I can‘t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may

〖08全国Ⅱ〗Liza well not want to go on the trip—she hates traveling.��

A.will B.can

〖08北京〗John promised his doctor he

A.might

〖08天津〗She C.must D.may not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.�� D.would B.should C.could have left school, for her bike is still here.

A.can‘t B.wouldn‘t C.shouldn‘t D.needn‘t

〖08江西〗What a pity!Considering his ability and experience, he better.��

A.need have done B.must have done�� C.can have done D.might have done 〖08湖南〗You don‘t have to know the name of the author to find a book.You find the book by the title.��

A.must B.need C.can

〖08陕西〗—What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?��

——that‘s not important.�� D.would

A.mustn‘t B.needn‘t C.can‘t D.won‘t

〖08四川〗Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed.��

A.must B.may C.shall D.should

〖08重庆〗—I can‘t find my purse anywhere.��

—Yhave lost it while shopping.��

B.can C.should D.would be hungry already— you had lunch only two hours ago!��

C.mustn‘t

A.may 〖08浙江〗You A.wouldn‘t B.can‘t D.needn‘t

〖08福建〗It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes. A.must B.can C.should D.would

〖08辽宁〗Peter be really difficult at times even though he‘s a nice person in general. A.shall B.should

〖08江苏〗—I‘m sorry.I

A.shouldn‘t shout�� C.can at you the other day.�� D.must —Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.�� B.shouldn‘t have shouted��

C.mustn‘t shout�� D.mustn‘t have shouted

〖08山东〗Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don‘t think we it without you.��

A.can manage

B.could have managed�� C.could manage D.can have managed

〖07全国Ⅰ〗—How‘s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?��

—be, but it is now heavily polluted.�� A.will B.would C.should

〖07北京〗In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you D.must take care of your luggage.�� A.can B.may C.must D.will

〖07湖南〗The biggest problem for most plants, which just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.�� A.shan‘t B.can‘t C.needn‘t D.mustn‘t

〖07陕西〗I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there.

A.could B.must C.might

〖07四川〗—What does the sign over there read?��

— ―No D.should smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.‖��

A.will B.may C.shall D.must

〖07重庆〗—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?��

—Ydo anything except to be with them and be yourself.��

A.don‘t have to B.oughtn‘t to�� C.mustn‘t D.can‘t

07浙江〗—My cat‘s really fat.��

—Yhave given her so much food.��

A.wouldn‘t B.couldn‘t�� C.shouldn‘t D.mustn‘t

〖07福建〗My MP4 player isn‘t in my bag.Where I have put it?��

A.can B.must C.should D.would

〖07江苏〗—She looks very happy.She

—I guess so.It‘s not difficult after all.�� A.should

〖07山东〗They

afford to go.��

A.had got B.got�� C.have got

〖07上海〗—Guess what？ I have got A for my term paper.��

—Great!YA.must

have passed the exam.�� B.could�� C.must D.might two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they‘d never have been able to D.get read widely and put a lot of work into it.�� B.should�� C.must have D.should have

〖07安徽〗The teacher have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn‘t have wasted time on him, I suppose.�� A.should B.can C.would D.must

〖07江西〗—Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.��

—You it in the wrong place.��

C.might put D.might have put A.must put B.should have put��

1.虚拟条件句的基本结构及其用法

1）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句

条件句：if+主语+动词过去式 主句：主语+shoud/would/could/might+动词原形

2）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句

条件句：if+主语+had+过去分词 主句：主语+shoud/would/could/might+have+过去分词

3）与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句

条件句：if+主语+动词过去式/should+动词原形 主句：主语+shoud/would/could/might+动原

2.虚拟语气的活用

1）时间错综虚拟结构

2)省略if的虚拟结构，把were,had,should提到句首，变为倒装句。

3)as if / as though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

4)名词性从句中的虚拟语气 a. wish后面的宾语从句中 b. 表建议，愿望，命令等的宾语从句，同位语从句及主语从句中

【20xx全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

A.will B.can C.must D.should

【20xx北京卷,28】——Where are the children? The dinner‘s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they always late.

A. weren‘t B. hadn‘t been C. wouldn‘t be D. wouldn‘t have been

【20xx北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.

A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying

【20xx天津卷,15】I ______ sooner but I didn‘t know that they were waiting for me.

A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come

【20xx江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. ——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.

A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 20xx福建卷,34】——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. ——A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended

【20xx陕西卷,22】I__________through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn‘t have gone B. didn‘t go C. wouldn‘t go D. hadn‘t gone 【20xx江西卷23】It _______ be the postman at the door. It‘s only six o‘clock.

A. mustn‘t B.can‘t C.won‘t D.needn‘t

【20xx江西卷28】We _____John‘s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A.will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 〖10安徽〗Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_______

A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy

〖10湖南〗If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow

〖10天津〗John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him. ? 虚拟语气在高考中的考查重点：

A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told

〖10江苏〗George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I‘d rather he_______ more on its culture. A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused

〖10陕西〗If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.

A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken

〖10北京〗--The weather has been very hot and dry.

--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables .

A. wouldn't die B. didn't die

C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died

〖10浙江〗Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy . A．would have been saved

C．will be saved B．had been saved D．was saved

〖10上海〗---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.

---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.

A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't

〖09江苏〗He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.

A. could express B. would express

C. could have expressed D. must have expressed

〖09福建〗But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 〖06全国Ⅰ〗Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it yesterday.��

A.was happening B.happens��

〖05江苏〗—Don‘t you think it necessary that he

—I agree, but the problem is C.has happened D.happened to Miami but to New York? he has refused to.

A.will not be sent;that �� B.not be sent;that�� C.should not be sent;what�� D.should not send;what

〖05山东〗He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.

A. could B. would C. must D. need

〖05湖北〗If I plan to do anything I wanted to, I‘d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A.would B.could

〖05山东〗He paid for a seat, however, he C.had to D.ought to have entered free.

D.need A.could B.would C.must

〖04福建〗—I‘ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.��

—You her last week.

A.ought to tell B.would have told�� C.must tell D.should have told

〖04福建〗—I‘ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.��

—You

her last week. B.would have told�� C.must tell D.should have told A.ought to tell