牛津英语5a英语语法(三)一般现在时

一. 一般现在时行为动词词型变化形式

一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化，其他人称动词均用原形单数第三人称动词变化：

多数在动词后加s play—plays like—likes ,

以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es go—goes wash--washes, 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es fly—flies study--studies

二. 一般现在时动词be和 have的变化形式

1.动词Be 叫连系动词, 连系动词be的用法：除了第一人称单数用am，和第三人称单数用is以外，其它人称用are。

I am busy. You are busy. He (She) is busy. We (You, They) are busy.

2.动词have的用法：除了第三人称单数用has以外，其它人称一律用have。如:

I have a pen. You have a pen. She (He) has a pen.

We (You, They) have pens.

三. 一般现在时的句型

1.肯定句构成：主语+动词 (注意人称变化) +其它成分

Ihave a dog. We like the little cat. She sings well.

2.否定句构成：

行为动词的否定句：主语+助动词(do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分 He dosen’t have a dog. He isn’t young. We don’t like the little cat. (借助于助动词do) She doesn’t sing well. (借助于助动词does)

3.一般疑问句：

A.行为动词的一般疑问句：助动词(do/does)+主语+动词原形 + 其它成分

Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I don’t . Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesn’t.

B. 动词BE 的一般疑问句Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分

Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句

How many students are there in your school?

What do you usually do on Sunday?

四．一般现在时的用法

1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如：

every year, sometimes, at 5 o’clock, on Sunday.

I get up at six o’clock every day.

He gets up at six o’clock every day.

She smokes too much.

I telephone to my parents once a week.

2.表达客观真理，科学事实。如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

Three and four makes seven.

The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.

Shenyang lies in the north of China.

3.在格言或名言警句中。

Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。

Actions speak louder than words.事实用于雄辩。

4.表示现在的状态、性格、个性。

I don’t want more, thanks.

He is a good student. He is always ready to help others.

五.一般现在时其它用法

一般现在时表将来

1.含有go, come, return, arrive, leave, start, begin等动词的一般现在时表将来。表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

The school bus leaves at eight .

2.在时间或条件句中。

When Tom comes, ask him how to fix the tap.

I’ll help you as soon as I arrive there.

3.在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。

I hope she has a good time.

Before you leave the room, please make sure that the door is closed.

4.时间状语从句,条件句中,从句中(常含有till , once , as soon as ,

when , while , before , after , so long as , by the time , if , in case ,

unless , even if , whether , the moment , the minute )

Eg. As soon as I get there, I will deal with this matter.

Whether he is happy is an important thing to her.

5.倒装句，表示动作正在进行

Here comes the teacher!= The teacher is coming.

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.

Here comes the car. = The car is coming.

一般现在时表过去

1."书上"，"报纸上"的叙述。

The newspaper says that the president will retire next month.

2.叙述往事，使其生动。

Napoleon’s army now advances and the great battle begins.

一般现在时表完成

1.动词用一般现在时代替完成时：hear , tell , learn , write , understand , forget , know , find , say, remember.

Eg.I hear (= have heard) he will go to Paris.

I forget (=have forgotten) how to read the word.

2.句型 " It is … since… " = " It has been … since …"

It is (= has been) five years since we last met.

一般现在时表进行

1.句型：Here comes…； There goes…

Eg: Look, here comes Mr. Brown.

六. 注意事项

1.在英国，人们常用have got代替have，特别在疑问句和否定句中。

2.当have如果不表示“有”时，构成疑问或否定句时，就借助于助动词do, does, don’t或者doesn’t.

练习

一.用词的适当形式填空。

1.What time_________ his father_________(do) the work? 2.He _________(get) up at five o’clock.

3.__________ you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.

4.What ________ ( do ) he usually ________( do ) after school?

5.Tom ________ ( study ) English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.

6. Kitty sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.

7.At eight at night, she __________( watch ) TV with her parents.

8. ________ Mike________( read ) English every day?

9.How many lessons________ your classmates______( have ) on Monday?

10.We often___________ ( play ) football in the playground.

二．选择

( ) 1. _____ you have a book?

A. Do B. Are C. Is D. Have

( )2. They _________ on a farm.

A. working B. is work C. work D. is worked

( ) 3. Does Peter like to watch TV?

__________.

A. Yes, he like B. No, he doesn’t C. Yes, he’d like D. No, he likes

( )4. She doesn’t __________ her homework in the afternoon.

A. doing B. to do C. does D. do

( )5. How ____________ Mr. Brown ___________ to America?

A. do,go B. is,go C. does,go D. does,goes

( )6. Where’s my camera? I____________ it.

A. am not finding B. am not seeing C. can’t find D. can’t look at

( )7. How ___________ he go to work?

He ___________ to work by bike.

A. does ;go B. do;goes C. do ;go D. does;goes

( )8. ______ you usually late for school?

No, _____________.

A. Do ; I am B. Does ;not C. Are ; I’m not D. Are ; I aren’t

( )9. _____ she _____ home at six every day?

A. Is , leave B. Does , leave C. Is , leaves D. Does , left

( )10. Mr. Yang ____________ English this term.

A. teaches our B. teaches us C. teachs us D. teach our

答案：一.1.does, do 2. gets 3. Do, brush 4. does, do 5. studies

7. watches 8. Does, read 9. do, have 10. play

二.1---5 A C B D C 6---10 C D C B B

6. goes

第二篇：初一上学期英语语法 一般现在时

语 法 精 讲1、一般现在时1）一般现在时的形式主语为第三人称单数时，需在动词原形后加s或es:A. 多数动词后面加s。 如 eat—eats, play—plays, swim—swims, walk—walks。B. 以字母o, s, x, ch, sh 结尾的动词后面加es。如 do—does, go—goes, guess—guess, fix—fixes, teach—teaches, push—pushes。C. 末尾为-y的动词分两种情况：a. 若-y前为辅音字母时，则将-y变为-i，再加-es。如 study—studies, fly—flies, cry—cries。（-y前分别为辅音字母d, l, r。）b. 如-y 前为元音字母时，则-y 不变，直接在-y后面加-s。元音字母共五个。它们是a, e, I, o, u。如 say—says, buy—buys, enjoy—enjoys。（-y前分别为元音字母a, u, o。）2) 一般现在时所表达的含义A. 永恒的真理或事实。The sun comes out from the east. 太阳从东方升起。Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。Cats eat fish. 猫吃鱼。表述“现在时段”。“一般现在时可用以陈述现在时段内发生或存在的事件、动作或情况。这些事件、动作或情景说不定会无限地延续下去。但实际上， 我们的意思则是在说“这是现在存在着的状况”。My hair is very long. 我的头发很长。Millie lives in Beijing. Millie住在北京。His parents work in a supermarket. 他的父母亲在一家超市里工作。B. 有规律发生的动作一般现在时可用来表示习惯性动作，也就是指不断重复的事情。这种用法通常可与表示时间的副词或词组伴随使用，如：often, always, usually, sometimes，seldom, every day。He gets to his company at half past eight every day. 他每天八点半到公司。Simon always plays football after school. 西蒙放学后经常踢足球。At the weekend, I usually go running for half an hour. 周末我通常跑步半小时。Sometimes my mother flies a kite with me in the park. 有时我妈妈和我在公园里放风筝。2．人称代词和物主代词1）人称代词A. 人称代词分为主格和宾格两种形式。如果是作句子主语成分的人称代词就必须使用主格形式；如果是作句子宾语成分的人称代词就必须使用宾格形式。还有，在介词后面必须使用宾格形式。如：She likes her dog. She often walks him. 她喜欢她的狗。她经常带他遛遛。（she是主格，him是宾格。）Where are they? I can’t find them. 他们在哪里？我找不到他们。（they、I是主格, them是宾格）Don’t worry about me! I can look after it well. 别为我担心。我可以照看好它的。（about和after是介词，me和it是宾格。）B. 习惯顺序如果主语是几个并列的人称代词时，习惯顺序是：we, you and they；you, he / she and I。You, he and I are classmates. 你、我、他是同班同

学。C. 中性代词it的用法It除了可指代动物、事物外，还可以指时间、天气、距离或温度。如：I have a lovely cat. I like it very much. 我有一只可爱的猫。我非常喜欢它。（it指动物）English is very useful. It is my favourite subject. 英语很有用。它是我最喜爱的学科。（it指事物）It is about five kilometers from here. 离这儿大约五公里。（it指距离）It’s 9:00pm. I must go. 现在晚上九点了。我必须走了。（it指时间）How windy it is today! 今天风多大啊！（it指天气）另外，it也可用于以下情况之中：弄不清婴儿或小孩性别时：What a lovely baby it is! 多么可爱的宝宝啊！看不见对方时：--- There’s a knock on the door. Go and see who it is. --- It’s Jim.--- 有人敲门。去看看是谁。 --- 是吉姆。（ring!）--- Hello! Who is it? --- It’s Mary speaking. ---喂，谁呀？---是玛莉。照片或图片中的人物：--- Who’s the little boy? --- It’s me. 那小男孩是谁？--- 是我。2）物主代词物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种形式。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的作用，只能作定语，后面必须要跟上一个名词；而名词性物主代词则具有名词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语或宾语。换言之，名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：The red one is her car. Mine is the blue one. 红色的那辆是她的车。我的是那辆兰色的。（mine = my car, 且在句中作主语。）I don’t want their answers. Tell me yours. 我不要他们的答案。告诉我你的答案。（yours = your answer, 且在句中作宾语。）3. Some dogs just don’t know how to have fun. 一些狗就是不懂怎么玩。1）在此句中“how to have fun” 是know的宾语。“疑问词+to do”形“所表达的含义相当于一个名词，因此，它可充当句子的主语成分或是宾语成分。如：Where to look for the lost boy is still a big problem now. （作主语）去哪里找那个失踪的男孩仍是个大问题。We are talking about which book to buy first. (作宾语) 我们在谈论先买哪本书。2）“have fun”的“思是“嬉戏”、“娱乐”。“un 是不可数名词，也可作定语，意为“有趣”、“逗笑”。“： We had lots of fun at the party today! 我们今天在聚会上玩得很开心！It is a fun hat. 它是顶可笑的帽子。4．My favourite lessons are Chinese and English.我最喜欢的课程是语文和英语。Favourite 是形容词，意为“最喜欢的”。“可以和“like……best”的形式替换。如：What’s his favourite colour? His favourite colour is blue. 可转换为What colour does he like best? He likes blue best. 他最喜欢什么颜色？他最喜欢兰色

。5. Millie goes to the Reading Club twice a week. 米莉一星期去读书会两次。twice a week 意思是“一周两次”。“是用来表示“频率”的“语，其中，twice 表示“两次、两倍”，“once 表示“一次、一倍”，“次或三倍以上用time表示。如：Please take the pills three times a day. 请一天服用三次这种药丸。How often do they go back to their hometown? Once a year. 他们多久回一次家乡？一年一次。Now my schoolbag is twice as heavy as it was. 现在我的书包的重量是以前的两倍。6．He teaches us English. 他教我们英语。teach somebody something 意思是“教某人某事”；“teach somebody to do something 意思是“教某人干某事”。“中的somebody是宾格形式，不是形容词性物主代词。如：The man under the tree teaches them P.E. 树下的那个人教他们体育。Could you teach me to drive a car? 你能教我开车吗？7．Do you have any money? No, I don’t have any money. 你有钱吗？不，我没钱。在否定句中，some要改为any；在问句中，some通常也要改为any。但如果当提问者期待他的问题能得到肯定答案时，问句中的some不需改成any。如：Are there any eggs in the basket? Yes, there are some. 篮子里有鸡蛋吗？是的，有一些。I only bought some drinks. I don’t buy any food. 我只买了些饮料，没买食物。Would you like some snacks? Yes, please. 你要些小吃吗？好的。（提问者希望对方接受他的建议。）Could you give me some paper? 你能给我一些纸吗？（提问者希望对方给他纸。）8．Every day except Monday. 除了星期一，每天（都开放）。except 意思是“除了……之外”，“介词。如：Everyone except me goes to school by bike. 除了我之外，所有的人都是骑车上学的。We can see all the colures in this picture except grey. 除了灰色，我们能在这幅画里看到所有的颜色。另外，except和besides虽都解释为“除了……之外”，“except是将紧跟其后的宾语“排除在外”，“besides则将宾语内容“包含在内”。“ 如：We all have finished homework except him. 除了他之外，我们都已经完成了回家作业。（他还没有完成。）We all have finished homework besides him. 除了他以外，我们大家也已经完成了回家作业。（他也完成了。）9．Thank you for organizing the class trip. 谢谢你组织这次班级旅行。Thank somebody for doing something 意思是“感谢某人做某事”。“词for后的动词要使用-ing形式。如：Thank you for showing me the way to school. 谢谢你指给我看去学校的路。其实，跟在介词后面的动词都必须使用-ing形式。如：Nick is good at singing.尼克擅长唱歌。 It’s time for playing games. 到做游戏的时候

了。I spent five minutes in drawing a dog. 我花了5分钟画了只狗。The kids look forward to eating ice cream. 孩子们盼望着吃冰激凌。You can drink it without getting fat. 你喝了它不会发胖。10．We would like to go to Beijing Zoo in Xicheng District. 我们想去西城区的北京动物园。would like something 意思是“想要某物”，““want something”；“ould like to do something意思是“想要干某事”，““want to do something”。“如：I would like a cup of tea. = I want a cup of tea. 我想要杯茶。Would you like to go with me? = Do you want to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？注意：would like to do something 与 like doing / like to do something (喜欢干某事)不要混淆。如：I’d like to watch English movies. 我想要看英语影片。I like to watch English movies. 我喜欢看英语影片。11．I’m going to see the doctor at three o’clock in the afternoon on 12th October. 我打算10月12日下午3点去看医生。时间表达法有多种，不同的时间搭配的介词也各不相同。如下表所示：at 确切的时刻（0:00） at 10 o’clock , at four thirty用餐时间 at lunchtime, at coffee time, at dinner time节日 at Christmas, at Halloween年龄 at 16, at the age of 35其它时刻 at noon, at night, at midnight， at the weekendon 具体到以“天”计“的时间 on Sunday, on Friday afternoon, on October 4th, on your birthday, on Christmas Day, on that evening, on the evening of July 1st, on a cold morningin 泛指一天中的某个时段 in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening月份、年份、季节、世纪 in May, in winter, in 2005, in the 21st century, 一段时间 in five minutes, in ten days, in three weeks, 12．What do you think of your new school? 你认为你的新学校怎么样？What…think of … 意思是“认为……怎么样？”相“的表达方式还有“How…like…”。“如：What do you think of her new novel? 你认为她的新小说怎么样？How do you like my new dress? 你认为我的新裙子怎么样？注意：What…think of… 虽解释为“认为……怎么样？”，“疑问词是what，而不是how。13．Could you tell me the answer to number two? 你能告诉我第二题的答案吗？the answer to… 的意思是“……的答案”。“词to的含义是“的”，“用介词of。类似的短语还有the key to … ……钥匙；the way to … 去……的路；the ticket to … ……的票。14. Is it time for breakfast? 是吃早饭的时间了吗？It’s my first time to see it and I am very excited. 这是我第一次见到，我很兴奋。It is time for something / It is time to do something 意为 “是做某事的时候了”。“ It is time for somebody to do something. 意为“是某人该干某事的时候

了”。“ Is it time for breakfast? 也可转换成 Is it time for having breakfast? 或Is it time to have breakfast?如：It is time to play tennis. 可转换成 It is time for tennis. 或 It is time for playing tennis.It is time for us to play tennis. 到我们打网球的时候了。It’s time for me to change now. 是我该改变的时候了。而It is one’s first/second time to do something 意为“是某人第几次干某事了。”“：It’s my first time to see it. 这是我第一次看见它。It is his third time to make the same mistake. 这是他第三次犯同样的错误了。15．Can I borrow your pen? 我能借你的钢笔吗？borrow意为“借进……”，“用的短语是borrow ..from … ；lend 意为“借出……”，“用的短语是lend … to …。如：My friend borrowed a book from the library yesterday. 昨天我朋友从图书馆里借了本书。（对于主语my friend来说是借进。）Could you lend some money to me? = Could you lend me some money? 你能借我些钱吗？（对于主语you来说是借出。）16. I’m dressing up as a ghost. 我正在装扮成一个鬼。dress up as … 的意思是“乔装打扮成……”；“ress up in … 的意思是“用……乔装打扮”；“ress somebody 的意思是“给某人穿衣服”；“ress oneself 的意思是“自己穿衣服”。“ 如：I’ll dress up as Monkey King. 我要装扮成猴王。She dressed up in red / red clothes this Tuesday. 本周二她穿了红衣服。She has to dress her baby every morning. 她不得不每天早晨给她的宝宝穿衣服。Look! Kate can dress herself now. 瞧！现在凯特可以自己穿衣服了。17．Usually, they give us some candy as a treat. 通常他们用糖果招待我们。The neighbours usually give them a treat of some candy.邻居通常用糖果招待他们。give somebody something as a treat与give somebody a treat of something都解释为“用某物招待某人”。“此,“they give us some candy as treat.”等“于“they give us of a treat of some candy.”。“此外，as也有许多含义：好像（某人）；当作、作为；作为（某种身份）；当……的时候；由于；按照；as … as … 意为“和……一样”。“如：He dressed as a policeman. 他穿得像个警察。I treat her as my good friend. 我把她当作好朋友。As a student, you should get to school on time. 作为一名学生，你应该按时到校。We watched TV as he cooked dinner. 他烧饭的时候，我们在看电视。As they were very hungry, they ate up all the food very soon. 由于很饿，他们很快吃光了所有的食物。Do it as the teacher says. 按照老师说的做。The boy is as tall as his father. 那男孩和他的父亲一样高。I found the same book as hers. 我找到了和她的（书）一样的书。