语法讲与练3 一般过去时

一、概念

表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（刚才），just now（刚才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。

如： I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。

二、句子结构

1．在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。

如：（1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。

（2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。

2．在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。

如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。

三、动词过去式的构成规律

(一)规则动词的过去式

1．一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed；

look→looked play→played start→started visit→visited

2．以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；

live→lived use→used

3．以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed；

study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4．以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。

stop→stopped plan→planned, prefer→preferred

(二)不规则动词的过去式

1．改变动词中的元音；

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoke take→took write→wrote get→got

2．变词尾的–d 为–t ；

build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3．与动词原形一样；

cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4．变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)；

say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5．采用不同词根；

sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6．其他。

am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

五、加“-ed”后的读音方法

1.ed加在清辅音后面读/t/。

finished /-t/ help /-t/ asked /-t/

2.ed加在浊辅音或元音结尾的，读/d/。

played /-d/ lived /-d/ enjoyed /-d/

3.ed加在/t/或/d/后面，读/id/。

wanted /-tid/ needed /-did/ visited /-tid/

六、句式变化

（一）一般过去时的一般疑问句

1．把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was?？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were?？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t.

如：

（1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

（2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night. →Were they in Li Yan’s home last night? →Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2．在行为动词的句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, ?did. 否定回答：No, ?didn’t.

如：John played computer games last night.→Did John play computer games last night? →Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

（二）一般过去时的否定句

1．在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。

如：

（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday.

→He was not in the park the day before yesterday.

(2)We were busy last week.

→We were not busy last week.

2．在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。

如：

（1）She played the violin last night.

→She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2)They swam in the lake yesterday.

→They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.

(三)、一般过去式的特殊疑问句

1.What did ? ?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。）

We ate Chinese food last night.

→What did we eat last night?

2.Where did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?

3.Who + 动词过去式 ? ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.

→Who climbed mountains last weekend?

相关练习

一、用be动词的适当形式填空

1．I _______ at school just now.

2．He ________ at the camp last week.

3．We ________ students two years ago.

4．They ________ on the farm a moment ago.

5．Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.

6．There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.

7．There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.

8．The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.

9．She _______ happy yesterday.

10．They _______ glad to see each other last month.

11．Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.

二、用行为动词的适当形式填空

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.

8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

三、句型转换

1. It was exciting.

否定句：________________________________________________

一般疑问句：____________________________________________

肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

2. All the students were very excited.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

3. They were in his pocket.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

4. There was a car in front of the house just now.

否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________

四、用一般过去时填空

1、I ________(go) to the cinema last Saturday.

2、 He______ (is ) ill yesterday.

3、 We _______ (have ) a lesson yesterday.

4、 What ___your uncle ____(do) yesterday morning? He _(read ) English.

5、 She ______ (clean) our classroom yesterday afternoon.

第二篇：小学语法经典总结---一般将来时

一般将来时专项练习

练习一：

一、填空。

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?

Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

二、改句子。

5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）

I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）

________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)

_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.

三、用所给词的适当形式填空。

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now

练习二：

一、填空。

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?

Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.

4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

二、改句子。

5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）

I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）

________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.

三、用所给词的适当形式填空。

11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.

12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.

13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ (go) to school by bike.

14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________ (watch) TV and ____________(catch) insects?

15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend? She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.

16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday? I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday? I ______________ (milk) cows.

17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.

18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.

19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.

20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.

第三篇：英语一般过去时语法知识归纳总结

一般过去时语法知识

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；主语在过去时间段所具备的能力和性格。一般过去时句子最明显的现象就是常由表达过去时间的副词、副词短语或从句来界定。 “过去”的概念并不仅指如“yesterday, last week, ??”等，实际上“与现在对立的过去”，亦即“非现在．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．的以前”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．须使用一般过去时来表达。例如： ．．．．．．．．．．．．

He was here only a few minutes ago. I came home just now. 仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。 我刚回到家。

“this + 时间，today”等时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时，但是只要句子的本意是“与说话时的现在”对立，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．即使句子中有“this + today”等时间副词，也必须使用一般过去时。例如： ．．．．．．．．．．．．时间，．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

1 I got up very early this morning. He was late for school again today. 今天早晨我起床很早。 今天他又迟到了。

强化理解：

1. 一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时刻或时期所发生的事情，也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时只说明过去的事情，不强调动作对现在的影响。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨，我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。

他没有戒烟的那阵子，抽烟抽得可凶了。 He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.

2. 表示过去一段时间里经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞)

I never drank wine.

我以前从不喝酒。 (不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒)

3. 表示过去连续发生的动作时要用一般过去时。这种情况下句子中往往没有表示过去的时间状语，通过上下文来表示。

The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.

那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿，看看船长，然后就去世了。

4. 有些句子虽然没有表示过去的时间状语，但实际上发生的动作或存在的状态是指过去，也要用一般过去时。这一点我们中国学生往往出错，要特别注意！ ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．

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I didn’t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。

(因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能

用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you were here.)

I thought you were ill.

5. 我以为你病了呢。 (这句话应是在说话之前我以为你病了，但是现在我知道你没病) 在谈到已死去的人的情况时多用过去时。

雷锋是个好战士。 Lei Feng was a good soldier.

6. 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语连用。大体可分为如下几类：

⑴ yesterday、the day before yesterday (前天)、the other day (前几天)、in the old days (在过去的日子里) ⑵ just now (刚才)、this morning/afternoon/evening

⑶ ago (a while ago—方才、刚才two days ago—前两天、a few days ago—前几天、long long ago—很久很久以前) ⑷ last night / week / Sunday / weekend / month / winter / year / century(上个世纪)

⑸ once upon a time (很久以前)、before(在??之前，如：before liberation在解放前)

⑹ at + 一个时间点 (at the age of 10——在10岁是时候)、then (= at that time) (当时)

⑺ When引导的时间状语从句(When I was 8 years old，当我八岁的时候)

表达方法：

一般过去时的表达方法可以细分为以下三种情况：

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(一) 连系动词(简称为系动词)be的一般过去时

系动词be的一般过去时属于不规则变化，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他情况用were。基本用法见表一。

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(二) 普通动词(也称为“实义动词”、“行为动词”)的一般过去时 1.

陈述句。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)组成的一般过去时陈述句形式为：主语 + 动词过去式

+ 宾语 + 其它。动词过去式变化可分两类：规则变化和不规则变化。规则变化有如下几种情况：

2. 否定句。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时陈述句变成否定句时，要借用助动词did。

形式为：主语 + did not + 动词原形。(其中：did not = didn’t)

3.

疑问句。普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时陈述句变成疑问句时，也需要借用助动词

did。形式为：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + ?。

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普通动词(也称“实义动词”、行为动词)一般过去时的基本用法见表二。

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(三) 情态动词的一般过去时

情态动词的一般过去时态要使用它们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．例如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作业。） can

may

must

shall

will

— could (能，会) ― might (可以) ― must (必须) ― should (将要) 仅用于第一人称单数 ．．．．．．．．．― would (将要) 用于所有人称 ．．．．．．have to ― had to (不得不)

对比辨析：

1. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always，never等连用。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞)

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比较:

⑴ Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.

彼得太太老是带着伞。

(说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)

⑵ Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.

彼得太太总是带着一把伞。

(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)

⑶ I never drank wine.

我以前从不喝酒。

(不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒)

2. 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do——过去常常做，而现在不那样做了

He used to drink alcohol(['?lk?h?l], 酗酒; 酒精饮料).

他过去喝酒。

(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)

I used to take a walk in the morning.

我过去是在早晨散步。

(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)

I used to work fourteen hours a day.

我过去常常一天干十四个小时。

(意味着现在不再一天工作十四个小时了)

比较:

I took a walk in the morning.

我在早晨散过步。

(只是说明过去这一动作)

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3. 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时，取决于动作是否对现在有影响。 问：Have you had your lunch?

答：Yes, I have.

问：When did you have it?

I had it about ten minutes ago.

I ate it at 6:45.

你吃过午饭了吗？（你现在不饿吗？） 是的，我已经吃过了。（已经吃饱了，不想再吃了。） 你是什么时候吃的？（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。）我大约是十分钟以前吃的。 我在六点四十五分吃的。

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