专业英语
一． 专业词：
1.asphalt沥青 2.abstruct 摘要 3.aluminum铝 4.alloy合金
5.access road进出共地道路 6.abutment桥台 7.arch拱
8.blast-hole爆破孔 9.bearing pressure承载力 10.building materials建筑材料
11.bearing wall承重墙 12.bolting栓接 13.building code建筑规范 14.beam梁
15.compressive压缩的 16.corossion腐蚀 17.cement水泥 18.construction施工
19.concrete砼 20.column柱 21.construction施工 22.concrete curing砼养护
23.cantilever悬臂 24.column柱 25.ceiling天花板 26.construction control施工控制
27.construction operations场地准备 28.construction engineering施工工程
29.civil engineering materials土木工程材料 30.concrete construction砼施工
31.community and urban planning城乡规划 32.concrete placement砼浇筑
33.concrete production砼搅拌 34.concrete forming砼制模板
35.curtain wall幕墙 36.detailed design详细设计
1.excavation开挖 2.expansive soil膨胀土 3.engineering management工程管理
4.explosive炸药 5.engineering properties of soils土的工程性
6.elastic modulus弹性模量 7.excavation开挖 8.embed埋入
9.earthmoving土方工程 10.expressway公路 11.execution具体操作
12.embankment路堤 13.exploration/drilling 勘探/钻探 14.elevation立面图
15.engineering公路工程 16.fireproof防火 17.foundation treatment地基处理
18.gravel 砾石 19.grout灌浆 20.ground water table/level地下水位
21.geotechnical engineering岩土工程 22.geophysical seismic地球物理地震
23.girder主梁 24.highway高速公路 25.highway 26.hydration水化
29.multistory building多层楼房 30.management skill管理职能
31.masonry砌体 32.mud 淤泥 33.mechanical and electrical systems机械与电力系统
34.oxidation氧化 35.plastic塑料 36.plan平面图 37.pipeline engineering管道工程
38.planning施工规划 39.job site工地 40.professional staff专业人员
41.propagation velocity传播速率 42.pavement人行横道
43.project manager项目经理 44.permeability渗透性 45.pier墩 46.quarry采石场
47.rock 岩石 48.representative soil sample代表性土样 49.riveting铆接
50.resist抵抗 51.roof屋顶 52.rigid frame钢构
1.soil type 土类 2.silt 粉土 3.sand 沙 4.site investigation 场址勘察
5.seismic人工地震 6.speciality专业 7.structural engineering结构工程
8.surveying and mapping测绘工程 9.steel钢材 29.timber木材
10.shear/bend抗压/抗弯 11.reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土
12.structural member构架 13.slab板 52.skyscraper摩天大楼
14.settle沉降 15.subgrade地基 16.superstructure上部结构 17.substructure下部结构
18.span跨 19.transportation engineering交通工程
20.tall (apartment、office) building高层建筑 21.tensile forces扭力
22.truss桁架 23.uneven settlement不均匀沉降 24.uniform settlement均匀沉降
25.ultimate tensile/strength极限抗拉强度 26.visual inspection 踏勘
27.welding焊接
二．句子翻译：
1.Concrete construction consists of several operations:forming,concrete,
Production,placement,curing.
混凝土施工包括几道工序：支模板，搅拌混凝土，浇筑，养护。
1. Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning
design, construction and management of the built environment.
土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科，是指规划，设计，施工及建筑设施的管理。
2. Civil engineers build build road, bridges,tunnel,dams,harbors,power plants,water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit,and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population
concentrations.
土木工程师建筑造道路，桥梁，管道，大坝，海港，发电厂，给排水系统，医院，学校，公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。
3. Materials and structural forms are combines to make up the various parts of a building,including the load-carrying frame, skin, floor and partitions. 材料和不同的结构形式联合组成建筑物的各个不同部分，包括承重框架，外墙，楼板和隔墙。
4. The great variability of soils has led to a variety of solutions to the
foundation problem.
土的巨大的可变性导致基础问题的多样性的解决方法。
6．In cases where the soil near the surface in unable to support the weight of the building, piles if wood ,steel, or concrete are driven down to firm soil. 地表附近的土体不能承载建筑物的重量时，木制，钢制或混凝土制桩被打入坚固土层以加固土体。
7．A scientific approach to the design of foundations has been developed in the 20th century.
科学设计基础的方法已在20世纪内得到发展。
8．Karl Terzaghi of the United stat pioneered studies that made it possible to make accurate predictions of the behavior of foundation; using the science of soil mechanics coupled with exploration and testing procedures.
美国的Karl Terzaghi的先锋研究，利用土力学和探测及测试程序技术，使精确预报基础的性能的行为成为可能。
9．Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and hydraulics in engineering problems related to soils.
土力学研究的是力学和水力学的法则在牵涉土的工程问题中的应用。
10．Complete and accurate records, such as borehole logs, must be prepared and maintained, and the samples themselves must be retained for future inspection.
完整和精确的记录，例如钻孔记录必须准备好保管好，并且样品自身也必须保管好供将来校对使用。
11．Structure or other constructed works are supported on the earth by foundation.
建筑物或其它的结构造物是由土地上的基础支撑的。
12．The word foundation may mean the earth itself ,something placed in or the earth to provide support ,or a combination of the earth and the elements placed on it.
“foundation”这个词或者是指土地本事，或者是插入在土地以上提供支撑的物体或者是指土地和立于其上的物体的合称。
13．The sizes of footings are determined by dividing the loads to be
imposed at the base of footings by the allowable bearing pressure which can be imposed on the soil or rock of the earth.
基础座的尺寸是由可施加在基础底部的荷载除以地基土和岩石能够承担的容许支撑力来确定的。
14．Underpinning of foundation is of ten necessary, and it may either
remedial or precautionary. Remedial underpinning is used to correct defects in existing foundation which may have settle excessively.
补救型或预防型的地基托换通常是有必要的。补救型地基托换用在纠正基础过度沉降的缺陷。
15．When the new bearing stratum reached, forms and placed in the pit, and concrete is pared from the new bearing stratum up within 3-in(76-mm) of the bottom of the old footing.
当到达新的承压层时模板被安置在基坑里，从新的承压层以上向旧的基础底部以下三英寸空间，向上浇灌76MM厚的混凝土。
16．After the new concrete has hardened, the 3-in(76mm) space is packed hand with a mixture of sand, cement and a small amount of water.
在三英寸空间新浇灌的混凝土硬化后靠砂，水泥和少量的水的混合物压紧76mm的混凝土。
17．Called grout, the mixture is packed very tightly into space between the top of the new footing and the underside of the old footing.
所谓的泥浆，即混合物被压实紧密，送到新基础顶部和旧基础下部之间三英寸空间里的混合物被紧密压实。
18．All tall buildings were built with a skeleton of until World War 2.
在二次世界大战前，所有的高层建筑都是采用钢结构。
19．In New York city, the Columbia Broadcasting system. Building, designed by Eero Saarinen in 1962, from column center.
在纽约城由Eero Saarinen于19xx年设计的哥伦比亚广播系统大楼有一个由5英尺（1.5米）宽相邻柱的中心距为10英尺（3米）的混凝土柱组成的环形墙。
20．Reinforced concrete has steel bars that are placed in a concrete member to carry tensile forces. These reinforcing bars, which range in diameter from 0.25inch(0.64cm) to 2.25inches(5.7cm).have wrinkles on many countries.
钢筋混凝土由置于到混凝土中的钢筋承担拉力。这些钢筋直径在0.25英尺（0.64cm）和2.25英尺（5.7cm）之间，表面有刻痕以确保粘住混凝土。
第二篇：20xx级土木工程专业英语课程考试试卷A参考答案
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