International Phonetic Alphabet国际音标
英语国际音标表(48个):元音(20个)+ 辅音(28个)
辅音:
1. /p/与/b/
/p/: 双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带不振动。eg: pea(豌豆), deep(深的), tip(顶端)
/b/: /b/和/p/发音相似,双唇紧闭,然后快速张开,让气流冲出口腔,发出爆破音,但声带需振动。
eg: bee(蜜蜂), beat(敲打), bit(少量)
[p] 发这个音的字母和字母组合p, pp
p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop
pp: apple happy
[b] 发这个音的字母和字母组合b, bb
b: book ball bird big boy bag banana
bb: rubber rabbit cabbage
2. / t/与/d/
/ t/ : 舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔中喷出,但声带不振动。
eg: eat(吃),beat(敲打), bit(少量),tip(顶端)
/d/: /d/和/ t/ 发音相似,舌尖抵上齿龈,憋住气,然后弹开舌尖,让气流从口腔
中喷出,但声带需振动。
eg: deep(深的), deal(处理),do
[t] 发这个音的字母和字母组合t, tt, ed
t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket
tt: butter matter
ed: looked worked finished (清清)
[d] 发这个音的字母和字母组合d, dd, ed
d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold
dd: add
ed: smiled opened played(浊浊)
3. /k/与/g/
/ k/: 舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然离开,将气流送出,像咳嗽,但声带不振动。
eg: key,kid,kind
/g/: /g/和/ k/ 发音相似,舌后部抵住软腭,憋住气,然后突然离开,将气流送出,像咳嗽,但声带需振动。
eg: big,give,egg,get
[k]发这个音的字母和字母组合c, k, ck
c: cap cook cup car can class
k: cook milk key desk kite cake
ck: clock sock cock neck
[g]发这个音的字母和字母组合g, gg, gh
g: glass flag get girl bag goat
gg: egg
gh: ghost
4. /f/与/v/
/f/: 上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后轻轻吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,但声带不振动。
eg: fact(事实),feet,fat
/v/: /v/和/f/ 发音相似,上齿轻轻接触下唇,然后轻轻吹气,使气流从唇齿间通过,形成摩擦,但声带需振动。
eg: give,have,very
[f]发这个音的字母和字母组合f, ff, ph, gh
f: five fan flower fish four leaf
ff: giraffe
ph: phone elephant photo
gh: laugh
[v]发这个音的字母和字母组合v, ve
v: video vase vest
ve: five love violin
5. /s/与/z/
/s/: 双唇微微张开,舌端靠近齿龈,舌头自然放松,气流从齿间送出,但声带不振动。
eg: best(最好的),bus
/z/: /z/口形与/s/ ,双唇微微张开,舌端靠近齿龈,舌头自然放松,气流从齿间送出,但声带需振动。
eg: zero(零),zoo
[s]发这个音的字母和字母组合s, c, ss, ce
s: star sun snake sea see
c: pencil city ceiling celebrate
ss: grass glass class boss
ce: face race rice nice
[z]发这个音的字母和字母组合z, s, se
z: zero zebra zoo
s: bags photos sisters
se: nose rose
6. /?/与/?/
/?/: 双唇收圆,并稍微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈送气,声带不振动。 eg: show,shine
/?/: 口形与/?/相似,双唇收圆并稍微突出,舌头稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齿龈,但声带需振动。
eg: pleasure(愉快)
[∫] 发这个音的字母和字母组合s, sh
s: sugar sure
sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she
/?/发这个音的字母和字母组合s
s: television, usually, Asia, measure,
/?/: ship sheep wash cash she shirt sugar show shoe
/?/: pleasure television usual measure decision
7. /t?/与/d?/
/t?/: 双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,声带不振动。 eg: charm(魅力),change,cheer(喝彩)
/d?/: 和/t?/ 发音相似,双唇略微张开突出,舌尖抵住上齿龈,用力吐气,但声带需振动。
eg: change,job,joke
[t∫]发这个音的字母和字母组合ch, tch
ch: teacher peach cherry chair
tch: watch match
[d?]发这个音的字母和字母组合g, j, ge, dge
g: ginger giraffe
j: jump job jam
ge: orange cabbage
dge: bridge
/t?/: China teacher peach watch chair
/d?/: joke July jump bridge
8. /tr/与/dr/
/tr/: 双唇收圆向前突出,舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈,采取发/r/的姿势 ,声带不振动。 eg: train,try,truck(货车)
/dr/: 和/tr/ 的发音相似,双唇收圆向前突出,舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈,采取发/r/的姿势 ,声带需振动。
eg: dry,dream
[tr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合tr
tr: tree truck trousers strawberry trick
[dr] 发这个音的字母和字母组合dr
dr: draw drink driver dragon dry
/tr/: tree train truck strawberry
/dr/: draw drink dress drive
[tr]的浊化:
[str] 变为 [sdr]
eg: street [stri:t] 变为 [sdri:t],straight,strawberry,strong
9. /θ/与/?/
/θ/: 舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖送气,但声带不振动。
eg: bath,thank
/?/: 口形与/θ/ 相似,舌尖微微伸出,上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖送气,但声带需振动。 eg: than(比较),that,those
[θ]发这个音的字母和字母组合th
th: three thin third teeth mouth
[?]发这个音的字母和字母组合th
th: father mother brother clothes
/θ/: thank three thin tooth teeth birth death bath think /?/: father mother brother clothes this that those they there
10. /ts/与/dz/
/ts/: 舌尖先抵住上齿,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出,声带不振动。 eg: seats,roots(根),fruits
/dz/: 和/ts/发音相似,舌尖先抵住上齿龈,堵住气流,使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出,但声带需振动。
eg: reads,goods(商品),needs
[ts] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ts, tes
ts: seats goats coats cats pets eats
tes: gates kites dates tastes
[dz] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ds, des
ds: seeds woods friends birds beds
des: rides
[ts]: cats boats gates kites boots T-shirts
[dz]: beds friends hands birds goods
3个鼻音:/m/ /n/ /?/
/m/: 双唇紧闭,舌头放平,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振动。
eg: money,room,morning
/n/: 双唇微开,舌尖抵上齿龈,气流从鼻孔里出来,声带振动。
eg: need,thin,morning
/?/: 双唇张开,舌尖抵下齿龈,舌后部自然往上顶住,气流从鼻腔送出,声带振
动。
eg:young,song
[m] 发这个音的字母和字母组合m, mb
m: mouth mouse milk monkey moon money mum
mb: climb thumb
[n]发这个音的字母和字母组合n, kn, gn
n: nose net nut banana noodles train rain plane down
kn: knee knife knock
gn: sign
[η]发这个音的字母和字母组合n, ng
n: ink bank tank finger
ng: sing hang song king reading running
[m]: mom climb monkey home melon
[n]: nine knife net man train mean
[?]: sing bank hang king thing swimming
3个似拼音:/ h/ / l/ / r/
/ h/: 嘴唇自然张开,自然呵气,声带不振动。
eg: have,hill(小山),happen
/ l/: 舌尖抵住上齿龈,舌尖轻微用力弯曲,气流从舌的旁边送出,声带振动。 eg:love,little,letter
/ r/: 舌尖向上卷起,舌头不要接触任何部位,双唇稍微突出,声带振动。 eg: bread,red,rush(冲,奔)
[h]发这个音的字母和字母组合h, wh
h: he her head heart hair ham
wh: who whose
[l] 发这个音的字母和字母组合l, ll
l: look light lock lucky lion tail
ll: ball pull dollar tell
[r] 发这个音的字母和字母组合r, rr, wr
r: rice room ride road rose
rr: mirror carrot parrot
wr: write wrong wrap
2个半元音:/ w/与/ j/
/ w/: 双唇缩小并向前突出,舌后部抬起,嘴慢慢向两旁滑开,声带振动。类似/u:/ eg: wait,watch,water
/ j/: 嘴形成微笑状,舌尖抵住下齿,舌面贴住上颚,声带振动。
eg: year,young,yellow
[w]发这个音的字母和字母组合w, wh
w: winter window watch water well would
wh: white where which when why wheel whale
[j]发这个音的字母和字母组合y
y: yo-yo yard yes you your
[w]: what why when which where watch wish wait word wife wall work wash woman white water window
[ j ]: yes you your young yellow yard yesterday
辅音连缀[sp] [st] [sk]的浊化
[sp]
eg: speak [spi:k]变为[sbi:k] sport, space
[st]
eg: stand [st?nd]变为[sd?nd] stay, star, story
[sk]
eg: school [sku:l]变为[sgu:l] sky, skate
[tr]的浊化:
[str] 变为 [sdr]
eg: street [stri:t]变为[sdri:t] straight,strawberry,strong
元音:
1. /ɑ:/与/ ?/
/ɑ:/:长元音,口腔打开,嘴张大,舌身放平,舌尖离下齿,下巴放低,轻松发音。
eg: car,art,bath(洗澡)
/ ?/:短元音,嘴唇微微张开伸向两边,舌尖轻触下齿,唇后部稍稍抬起。 eg:color,lucky(幸运的),love
[a:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a, ar, au, ear
a: grass glass class dance fast father last
ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf
au: laugh aunt
ear: heart
[Λ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o, u, oo, ou
o: son come colour love money
u: sun nut jump gum bus brush supper us
oo: blood
ou: touch cousin country
[a:]:star car charge draft grass sharp chart bath dark heart father glasses
[Λ]:hut bus shut duck cup love but brush rough bug rubber
2. /?:/与/?/
/?:/: 长元音,嘴形扁平,上下齿微微张开,舌身放平,舌中部稍抬起。 eg: girl,first,work
/?/: 短元音,嘴唇微微张开,舌身放平,舌中部稍微抬起,口腔自然放松发声。 eg: forget,dollar,power(势力)
[?:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合er, ir, ur, ear, or
er: her serve term
ir: bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt
ur: nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain
ear: early learn
or: word work world
[?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ure, er, ar, or, a
ure: picture
er:teacher brother dinner father sister
ar: sugar
or: doctor
a: panda about above camera sofa China
[?: ]: her first fur bird shirt sir serve third hurt
[?]: river factor success sister zebra correct
3. /i:/与/ i /
/i:/:长元音,嘴角向两边张开,口形扁平,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,流露出微笑表情,与E发音相同。
eg: pea(豌豆),bee,eat,beat(敲打),deep
/ i /:短元音,嘴唇微微张开,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,口形扁平,干脆利落。 eg: bit(少量),tip(顶端),fit(合适的),sit
[i:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e, ea, ee
e: me be she he we evening
ee:sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green
ea:meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean
[i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i, e, y, ey
i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin
e: begin behind jacket basketball
y: happy heavy busy lorry carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy rainy
ey: monkey money
[i:]:tea eat key deed beat bee keep deep peek
[i]:it kid kick pick pig bit big tip dig
4. /?:/与/?/
/?:/: 长元音,双唇收得比/?/更小更圆,并向前突出,舌尖离下齿,舌后部抬得比/?/略高。
eg: sort(种类),talk,ball
/?/: 短元音,口腔打开,嘴张大,双唇稍收圆,但不突出,舌身低,舌尖离下齿,。 eg:lock(锁),hot
[?:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a, aw, al, or, oor, our
a: water ball wall
aw: draw strawberry
al: talk chalk walk
or: horse corn fork or short
oor: floor door
our: your yours four
[? ] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o, a
o: fox coffee dog shop doctor long
a: watch what
/?:/: draw door talk horse story daughter
/?/: dog hot drop job watch shop fox rock
5. /u:/与/ u /
/u:/: 长元音,双唇比/ u /收得更小更圆,微微外凸,舌头尽量后缩。
eg: move,spoon,room
/ u /: 短元音,嘴唇张开略向前突出,嘴形稍收圆并放松些。
eg: good,could,should
[u:] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o, oo, ui, u, ue, ou
o: do who whose
oo: food moon too
ui: fruit juice
u: ruler rude
ue: glue
ou: soup
[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合o, oo, u, oul
o: woman wolf
oo: look good book foot wood
u: bull bullet
ou: could should would
[u:]: two zoo juice true tooth shoe food fruit soup moon
[u]: book good foot push cook sugar cook
6. /?/与/e/
/?/: 短元音,嘴张大,舌尖抵下齿,嘴角尽量拉向两边,上下齿之间的距离相当于把食指摞在中指上以后两个之间的厚度。(梅花音,嘴裂最宽一个,腮帮酸胀,发音就像挤出来一样,感觉不适应。)
eg: fat,bag,fact(事实)
/e/: 短元音,张口程度比/ i /音大,上下齿之间可容纳一个食指尖,舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬起。
eg: egg,get,send(送)
[?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a
a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit black fat has stand rat map
[e] 发这个音的字母和字母组合e, ea
e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen
ea: bread head breakfast
[?]: bat bag pat tap cap cat dad pack back daddy
[e]: egg pet bed debt get left dead beg test bread
双元音:
7. /ei/与/i?/
/ei/: 由/e/ 和/?/ 两个单音组成,/e/ 重读, /?/ 轻读,口形由半开到合,与字母A
发音相同。
eg: same,late,cake
/i?/: 由/?/和 /?/两个单音组成,前重后轻,双唇始终半开。
eg: dear,beer(啤酒), hear
[ei] 发这个音的字母和字母组合a, ai, ay, ea
a: cake make name game snake gate lazy
ai: rain train wait
ay: day May play today way
ea: great
[i?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ear, eer
ear: ear hear tear
eer: deer beer
[ei]: cake face game paint stay train baby may shape great
[i?]: ear year deer near beer hear clear really clear
8. /ai/与/?i/
/ai/: 由/a/和/?/两个单音组成,前重后轻,口形由开到合,与字母I的发音相同。 eg: life,kind,like
/?i/: 由/?/和/?/两个单音组成,前重后轻,双唇由圆到扁,口形从开到合。 eg: joy,noise(噪音),enjoy
[ai] 发这个音的字母和字母组合i, y, ie, uy, igh
i: kite bike nice tiger write knife
y: by cry fly my sky try why
ie:tie pie
uy:buy
igh:high
[?i] 发这个音的字母和字母组合oi, oy
oi: oil boil coin
oy: boy toy
[ai]: nine write rice shine high night time fine mine fly
[?i]: boy toy point coin choice join noise
9. /?u/与/u?/
/?u/: 由/?/和/?/ 两个单音组成, /??/的发音也是一个过程,口形由半开到小,与字母O的发音相同。
eg: show,know,go
/u?/: 由/?/和 /?/两个单音组成,前重后轻,嘴唇由收圆到半开。
eg: sure,tour
[?u] 发这个音的字母和字母组合o, oa, ow
o: nose rose poem over
oa: boat coat soap goat
ow:show window snow bowl
[u?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合our, ure
our: tour
ure: sure pure
/?u/: both road show rose soap toe smoke home nose know
/u?/: tour sure
10. /au/与/??/
/au/: 由/a/和/?/两个单音组成, /a/重读, /?/轻读,口形由大到小。 eg: house,shout,town
/??/: 由/e/和/?/两个单音组成,前重后轻,舌端抵下齿,双唇半开。 eg: care,share,bear
[au] 发这个音的字母和字母组合ou, ow
ou: house mouse mouth trousers
ow: flower cow how now down
[e?] 发这个音的字母和字母组合air, ear, are, eir
air: hair chair pair
ear: pear bear wear
are: careful dare
eir: their theirs
[au]: cow town south count brown noun mouse house
[??]: air bear wear pear chair careful their share hair
sound down