英语语音及字母组合知识
张业华
第一部分，辅音字母及其发音规律 ，辅音字母组合及其发音规律
一、英语中共48个音素，20个元音（12个单元音，8个双元音），28个辅音。 单元音：
双元音：
辅音：
二、元音字母
开音节 闭音节
Aa /ei/ cake /?/ bag
Ee /i:/ these /e/ egg
I I /ai/ bike /i/ it
Oo / u/ those / / box/ mother / /
Uu /ju:/ use /u/ put/ us / /
三、辅音字母及字母组合规律
p pig panda pear pepper pipe post politics population
b bear bird bus bed band bank banana
t turtle tiger title tea table tide tooth
d dog duck doll doctor door
k kite kettle key kill kind kingdom king kiss
g goose good goat gift go girl
f fish food full frog flag floor fight flight fly
v very vase vast violin van
h hen house horse hat happy head hear hold
r rabbit rose rise robot rain rice run ripe
s sun snake silly sick swan star still sock soup soap
z zebra zoo zero zig-zag
moon mouse mouth mind mine me mood murder
n nurse nest net nose note nothing nut
l lion loose low lamp lamb look leaf
milk sail tail tell ball hall
w window witch watch wide wind weather
j
x fox box ox text taxi exercise mix expensive
y yo-yo yellow year your young yard
c
pack backpack sock chick pick duck luck quack quick wreck
s+清辅音 且重读—— 清音浊化
star skate spider student screen spring straw squirrel
g- -ge –dge –gi –gy
ginger gym gentlemen
bridge fridge
cage angel energy digital
kn / n knife knit knock knee
r/ wr write wrist wreck
ph elephant photo phonetics phone
wh which what why while when wheat wheel wheat where
qu queen quiet quack quick quite earthquake
th tooth teeth thumb think math thought through south north
father brother mother weather feather clothes
chess cheese church chase cheat chair choose
match watch switch patch fetch
sh- ti- si- ci-
sheep conversation translation discussion special musician delicious si- ;s television Asian measure treasure pleasure
-nk ink tank drink junk pink think
-ng ring long lung spring king
tr- treat trick true treasure tree truck trust
dr- dream draw drag drive
ts hats hats roots coats pots cats bats
ds hands birdds friends cards
1． a bag fat mat hat bat am an man ant cat sat dad hand map cap Tape plane male make bake snake
e net jet get yet wet hen men pen bell tell smell bed red leg expensive exam example telephone television elephant i insect ink infant ill hill fill ring sing fix six win kite fine quite bite
o pop top on dog frog jog log hot lost stop boss
hope note
u cut hug uncle under umbrella sun run
cute cube tune huge
bury / busy
2． 1) / a: /
____ jar car bar star smart dark shark card barn start party bark
____ farm parcel
2) / i: /
_____Tree free see sleep queen
_____Leaf meat clean teach tea eat cheap cheat
_____Key
_____piece field thief believe chief brief
3) /i/
______monkey donkey honey money
______baby puppy pony lucky funny
______bit hit kit hill ink
４) / u:/
_____Blue clue glue
_____Juice fruit February
_____Cool book cook hook cookie foot wood food room school
５）/ /
_____teacher worker begger hammer driver sister brother
_____doctor neighbor harbor
６) / : /
_____bird girl shirt dirty skirt
_____church nurse purse turn burn
_____worm work word world worse
_____pearl earn learn heard search research nervous nerve
７）/ : /
____ horse fork horn corn born sport short
_____ hawk awful draw paw crawl law saw
____ core shore store chore score more
____ board roar
____ taught caught daughter naughty
____ pause saucer August autumn claus
____ four pour court
____ tall ball hall wall mall small
____ warm war warn quarter quarrel
____ talk walk chalk salt
８）/ei/
____ Snake bake take brave safe
____ Play lay may day pay way
____ eight weight weigh neighbor sleigh
____ mail nail snail sail fail tail
９） / i /
____ boil oil toilet point voice noise
____ toy joy enjoy destroy boy
10) / au /
____ clown crown frown brown cow flower
____ loud mouth house shout mouse
11) /ai/
_____ Pie die lie tie
_____ kite smile fire hide slide
_____ high light might
_____ Sky cry fly dry shy
12) / u /
_____ rose home nose rope bone
_____ coat boat soap goat float
＿＿＿ blow grow show window follow bow ＿＿＿ told hold old cold bold
＿＿＿ host post ghost
13) /ju:/
＿＿ mute cute mule cube huge
＿＿ news chew stew
＿＿ uniform unite unicycle
3. ａ
1) ar / /
/ / warm war warn quarter quarrel
2) al / / call hall tall
/ / also
/ /
3) ay / / play lay may day pay way
4) ai / / mail nail snail sail fail tail
5) au / / taught caught daughter naughty
/ / pause saucer August autumn clause
6) aw / / hawk awful draw paw crawl law saw ７) a / / act bag massage mass
/ / anything
/ / / / ８) air = are= ear = ere / /
pair hair chair air
Share care scare bare glare
ｅ
1) ea / / great steak break
/ / Ready healthy weather feather sweater dead deaf / / Beat tea eat defeat teach peace
2) ee / / Tree free see sleep queen
3) eer= ere / /
Beer cheer deer here
ere ／ ／ There
4) ear / / pearl earn learn heard search research / / hear dear clear
／ ／ bear wear pear
5) er / / nervous nerve
6) eigh / / Eight weight weigh neighbor sleigh
7) ew / / news chew stew
8) ey / / monkey donkey honey money
i
1) ir / / bird girl shirt dirty skirt
2) ie / / thief chief brief
/ / pie tie
3) ire / / fire tired hire
4）igh / / High light might
o
1) ow / / / / 2) or / / / /
/ / doctor neighbor harbor
3）oi / / boil oil toilet point voice noise
4）oy / / toy joy enjoy destroy boy
5）oa / / coat boat soap goat float
6) ou / / trouble couple courage
/ / House mouse nouth cloud
/ / 7) old / / told hold old cold bold
8) ost / / host post ghost
9) our / / four pour court
/ / hour our flour
10) ore / / core shore store chore score more
11) oar / / board roar
12) oo / / cool book cook hook cookie foot wood food room school u
1 )ur / / church nurse purse turn burn
2) ue / / blue clue glue
3) ui / / guide disguise
/ / Build
4) uy- / / guy buy
4音节划分
1） Music pretend mobile student
2） Window download magnet cowboy
3） Apple dollar letter connect carrot
5.练习：
[k?n'vinj?nt] __________________
['d??n?r?s] __________________
[kaunt] __________________
[,kɑmp?'t???n]__________________
['r?k?n] __________________
[d?'l???s] _________________
[,?nt?'tenm?nt]_________________
['stei??n] [?k'splor]
[d?'skra?b] ['?nstr?m?nt] ['st?rm?] ['peivm?nt]
6、构词法
根据前后缀的意思，猜出单词的含义
词根：词头和词尾
词头 anti 反，相反的，反对的
anti-American antifreeze
ex 在什么以前 ex-president ex-girl friend
bi 双 ，两个 bilingual biweekly
tele 遥远 telephone telescope telegraph
im- 否定词缀： impossible
in- incredible
il- illegal
ir- irregular
un- unable unhealthy unfit unusual
dis disagree disable dislike
re rewrite retell recall recite repay repeat replace
a- alive 有活力的；有生气的 awake asleep afraid
auto auto-focus automatic
en encourage enable endanger
词尾 icide 杀害 suicide pesticide
ism 表示什么主义 socialism
cs 表示学科 physics politics
ache 疼痛 headache toothache stomachache
y healthy wealthy catchy
celebrity 名人 economy 经济 reality 真实；现实；逼真comedy 喜剧
fy terrify clarify modify
ly hardly coldly quickly slowly rarely
tain captain mountain
ful 充满… careful painful awful powerful colourful delightful graceful ance insurance
ive addictive attractive
ous curious anxious humorous fabulous harmonious
ment treatment achievement entertainment
ble horrible possible accessible
ant attendant participant peasant
tion attention attraction distraction connection exhibition congratulation sion impression expression explosion section
ise/ ize 使…变成；…化 recognize realize civilize
er / or waiter doctor actor composer conductor director painter sailor
ian musician Austrian American politician
ture lecture mixture picture
ief belief disbelief relief
ieve believe disbelieve relieve
tic characteristic realistic plastic economic critic historic
ist …专家 scientist artist dentist
al 具有…性;关于… historical musical economical cultural financial royal
criminal traditional
able reliable available changeable believable
en darken shorten deepen widen lengthen frighten