26个英文字母及发音音标如下:
Aa [e?]
Bb [bi:]
Cc [si:]
Dd [di:]
Ee [i:]
Ff [ef]
Gg [d i:]
Hh [e?t∫]
I i [ɑ?]
J j [d e?]
K k [ke?]
L l [el]
Mm [em]
N n [en]
O o [?u]
P p [pi:]
Q q [kju:]
R r [ɑ:]
S s [es]
T t [ti:]
U u [ju:]
V v [vi:]
W w [′dΛblju:]
X x [eks]
Y y [wai]
Z z [zi:]/[zed]
以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:
1)含元音音素[ei] 字母: Aa Hh Jj Kk 音标: [e?] [e?t∫] [d e?] [ke?]
2) 含元音音素[i:] 字母: Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp
音标: [bi:] [si:] [di:] [i:] [d i:] [pi:]
3) 含元音音素[e] 字母: Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx
音标: [ef] [el] [em] [en] [es] [eks]
4) 含元音音素[ju:] 字母: Uu Qq Ww
音标: [ju:] [kju:] [`dΛblju:]
5) 含元音音素[ɑ?] 字母: Ii 音标: [ɑ?] Yy 音标: [wɑ?] Tt Vv [ti:] [vi:] Zz [zed]
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中读[e?] 如：name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [?] 如：bag dad hat map black back
e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i 在开音节中 [ɑ?] bike drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [?] fish big drink sit milk swim
o 在开音节中 [?u] those close go home no 在闭音节中 [D] clock not box shop sock
u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j, l ,r ,s后面时读[u:]音,
例如:June blue ruler super
二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [?] China another woman breakfast
[ ? ] orange comrade village cabbage
e [?] hundred student open weekend
[?] chicken pocket begin children
i [?]/[?] holiday beautiful family animal
[a?] exercse satellte
o [?] second tonight somebody welcome
[?u] also zero photo
u [?] autumn diffcult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[e?]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j、 l、 r、 s后面时,读[u(:)]音, 例如:July influence February issue
三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
1、a在[w]音后面 [?] want what watch wash quality
a在f、n、 sk 、ph 、sp 、ss 、st 、th前时读 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
2、i在-nd、 -ld和gh前 读[ɑ?] 如: find child light high
3、o在-st、 -ld前读[?u] 如: most postcard old cold
4、o在m、 n 、v 、th前 读[Λ] come monkey love mother
四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 ?з?
1、ar 一般读[ɑ: 在[w]后读[?:] warm quarter towards
2、or [?:] 如： forty morning short
or在[w]音后面 读 [з:] word worker worse
3、er、 ir、 ur读 [з:] 如： certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成 -r音节,而是按重读闭音节的 拼读规则发音.例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
are [e?] care dare hare
ere [??] here mere
ire [ɑ??] fire hire wire
ore [?:] more score before shore bore
ure [ju:?] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[?]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加r,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re拼读,字母r读[r].
如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音
ai/ay读音[e?] 例 词 afraid rain wait day play
air[e?] air hair chair pair repair
al在f,m前读 [?:l] small ball talk wall all
[?:l] always also salt almost bald
[ɑ:] half calm palm
au/aw[?:] autumn daughter draw
ea [i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[e?] break great
ear [??] hear dear near clear year
[e?] bear pear wear
[з:] earth learn early
ee [i:] jeep week green three
eer [??]] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey [e?] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j、l、r、s后读 [ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew
ie/ei 在[s]音之后 念[i:] piece field receive
oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor
oi/oy [??] noise point boy toilet
oo [u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow [ɑu] flower house count down
[?u] know row throw though
[Λ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our [?:] course your four
[ɑu?] our hour ours
[з:] journey
ui 在j、l 、r、 s后
[ju: ?] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
ai/ay 、ei/ey [?] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[?]音或 [?].
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [∫n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫n] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle castle
-sure [З?] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫?] picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词第二部分不标注重音符号,其中元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音读如:everyday [e?] handbag [?] blackboard [?:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音. 例如:
sun太阳 + day[e?]日子 > Sunday[?] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[e?]日子 > holiday[?] 假日
break中断 + fast[ɑ:]斋戒 > breakfast[?] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c [k] cake picture coat music
在 e前或在i/y前 [s] face decide cinema
ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge [d ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
-ds [dz] stands floods goods
f [f] five four breakfast
g [g] bag gardon go
在e i/y前 [d ] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [d ] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column
n [n] not shine ten note
在[k]/ [g]音前 [?] uncle thank hungry
-ng [?] morning young wrong
p [p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s在词首或清辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk
元音字母间或浊辅音前 [z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet school
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下 [t] ten letter meet
在弱读字母ia ie io前 [∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] watch kitchen
th在通常情况下[θ] thin thirty method
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 [?]the these with than
在词尾-the -ther中 [?] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
ts [ts] sports parts
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] answer two
wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] examle exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.
闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:
bag egg fish not cup
多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如: scien `tific im`pression `nation