<专业英语>读书报告
PART 1 English-Chinese Translation
Lesson 20:Engineering Problem-Solving Methodology
PART 2Technical Writing
MODERN MACHINE DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES
姓名：胡建
专业：械设计制造及其自动化
班级：08625
学号：2008301390119
2011.12.07
PART 1 English-Chinese Translation
Lesson 20:Engineering Problem-Solving Methodology
第二十课：工程师解决问题的方法论（1-6段）
许多年来，在很多工业和科技领域，工程师们已经赢得了作为注重细节，善于寻出正确答案的的思维清晰的思考者应得的声望。他们不仅获得了尊重，并且大众对他们设计并制造的产品也给与了足够的信任与信心。
工程师们希望彼此之间提出的计算结果，测试结果，技术工作能够清楚简洁，令人信服，有凭有据。机械工程中每个数量都由两部分组成：数值和单位，失去其中一个那么另一个也将变得毫无意义。并且在职工程师在密切注意数字的同时也同样密切注意单位是否正确。
除了单位的问题，工程师们还必须获得问题的数据结果，如材料的强度是多少？质量是多少？在什么温度？等等。他们通常面对着一些不确定和未完善的一些信息。在一项设计的开始阶段，例如，最终产品的形状和尺寸并不确定，如果是这样的话，就没有必要在第一步去设计它们，仅仅粗略的估计一下就可以了。然而，工程师仍然有工作要做，并且这些形状与尺寸必须从某处开始设计。
因此，工程师们用近似法给那些仍然不知道的数值赋值，虽然那些近似法并不完美，但是肯定比随意猜测和什么都不做要好。机械工程师们用他们的常识、经验、直觉、判断力、和物理定律通过一种叫数量级近似法的方法去寻找答案，而且机械工程师很乐意做出合理的近似。
在你的机械工程的课程学习中，你应该培养处理问题的能力去符合其他工程师们对你的期望的标准。正确的处理问题的方法论对你获得正确的答案非常重要，而且你传递给别人的结果能让人信服。为了处理问题，以下的一些指导将会对你非常有帮
PART 2：Technical Writing
MODERN MACHINE DESIGN TECHNOLOGIES
Abstract:
Mechanical design in engineering design plays an important role. Looking modern mechanical design technology development prospects, and we care about is undoubtedly an important research subject, but only on this basis, we can plan for the mechanical design of the key technology development projects and put forward reasonable proposals. According to scholars at home and abroad for the design of mechanical product design, the main thinking, the product design program summarized as a systematic, modular structure, based on the product features four types of knowledge and intelligence. That the characteristics of four methods of organic links between the proposed implementation of the computer product design direction.
Keywords: mechanical products; program design; trends; sustainable development Introduction：
The rapid development of science and technology, makes the product functional requirements increasing complexity, shortened life expectancy, faster replacement. However, product design, especially the means of mechanical product design program, it appears to be inadequate,whichcan not keep up with needs of the times. At present, computer-aided product design drawings, design calculations, manufacturing, production planning has been more extensive and in-depth study, and initial results, but early product development, computer-aided design program can not meet the design requirements.
Technical methods of modern machine design
Rapid development of technology and market competition stimulated Strong, requiring people to continue to put forward a bold new vision and development objectives, requiring the use of The latest available technology to create unprecedented products Design requires an object placed in a large system, the system design, the intended function In the human - machine - environment between the scientific and rational allocation. Were carried out in-depth on the physiological
Science, psychology, requires between man and machine to make the best interface design. Also test To consider machines from raw material extraction, processing and assembly, and put into use until the end of life recovery full life Cycle stages and the environment, to ensure that natural resources and ecological balance, the realization
of human Of sustainable development. Mechanics and other fields of research results, and further reinforced the strength of the design capacity. In this Based on the criteria of modern mechanical design to broaden the areas of product design more. Modern mechanical design can be based on a variety The given conditions, the use of optimal design theory and methods, the best design obtained using computer Parameters and options, so the design of low-cost, short cycle, but also reflects the design of scientific Best condition. Modern mechanical design CAD technology is a good solution to these problems, technical staff from the meter Computer where you can quickly get further ideas for the required theoretical results and information Information; a lot of graphics work computer agents; three-dimensional graphics on the screen directly with The idea of brain integration.
1.The systematic design method
The main features of a systematic design method are: the design as the number of design elements of a system, independent of each design element, each element of an organic link between the presence and layered, with all the design elements , you can achieve the tasks required to design systems.
2 .Structure of modular design
Products made from the planning point of view: design task to define functions of the product structure, based on reference solution of the existing products (such as common parts and components, etc.) to describe the design task, that task decomposition of each sub-task to consider whether there is a corresponding product solution, so that in the product planning stage of the design task to eliminate the contradictions that may exist, early forecasts of production capacity, costs, and program development and design process scalability, thus improving the reliability of design efficiency and design, while also reducing the cost of new products.
3.Coding
According to "movement" function (the function unit) to classify the organization, and describe the functional elements and the use of the code types of institutions, which establish "institutional system design expert system" knowledge base. On this basis, the binary logic reasoning and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the combination principle, the establishment of the "expert system" inference mechanism, and special machine tools for the four-station program design.
4 .Intelligent Design
The main features of intelligent design is: According to the design theory, by means of
three-dimensional graphics software, intelligent design software and virtual reality technology, and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product development and design to express the idea of the product, describes product the structure.
Characteristics
Systematic design method to design from the abstract to the concrete task (the task requirements from design to achieve the task of program or structure) of hierarchical classification, developed a desire to achieve each level and method, progressively, from abstract to concrete to be organically linked to each floor, so that the whole design process of a systematic, so that there is a pattern design, there are ways to follow, easy to implement computer-aided design process. Structure has a modular design approach as a function of the module is implemented as a structure, through a combination of structural modules to achieve the product's design. For certain types of machinery products, as part of its function is more clear and relatively stable, relatively easy to structure the division of the module, therefore, using a structured modular approach to program design is appropriate. As the entity and function is not one to one relationship between an entity can usually achieve a certain kind of function, a function often can also be achieved by several entities. Hence, if the
structure of the modular design method for general product design, structure and selection of the division of the module are more difficult and requires the designer with a wealth of design experience and extensive knowledge of many disciplines. Mechanical product design is usually not pure mathematical calculation methods, it is difficult to model with a complete mathematical description of the product characteristics required under the formal description, by means of expert knowledge and experience in the design reasoning and decision making. Therefore, to achieve the computer-aided product design, must address the use of computer storage and product design knowledge and expertise relevant issues such as design decisions, the resulting characteristics of knowledge-based product design methods.
Modern design techniques include: excellent performance, design-based technology, design technology to create competitive advantage, full life cycle design, green product design and technology.
Excellent performance-based design techniques
This is to enhance the overall performance of mechanical products for the purpose of design, but also in the traditional design based on the performance, and in parts of the machinery and materials, structure and size of the design under the premise of the
use of such a fracture mechanics and tribology series of scientific research, from individual design to system design, and from the depth and breadth of technology to expand the connotation and extension of the design.
Design technology to create competitive advantage
It is formed in the market economy and developed. Competition and supply and demand are two major characteristics of the market economy, which requires product designers to use new ideas, new principles and new features continue to design new products to meet customer needs, thereby enabling companies in the world is always fierce competition in an invincible position.
Life-cycle design
This requires the design of the product not only to consider the product's features and structure, but also to design the product life cycle, that is to design the product planning, design, manufacturing, marketing, operation, use, maintenance, until the disposal of recycling the whole process. Life cycle design means: to be considered at the design stage to the product of all aspects of the life course, in order to product life cycle design synthesis optimization.
Green product design
This is the product in its life cycle, according to meet the environmental protection, resource utilization, the highest, the lowest energy consumption requirements for design technology.
Ergonomic design: it is based on ergonomic theory, people-oriented product design. Ergonomics, also known as human engineering (USA called HumanFactors, European countries, known as Ergonomics), it is based on the psychological and physiological characteristics, the use of scientific and technological achievements and data design systems to meet the people's requirements, improve the environment and optimize the human-machine systems, along with the best match, with minimal labor costs for the greatest economic achievements.
Summary
Mechanical products, computer-aided design is moving to achieve, intelligent design and manufacture to meet the needs of Collaborative Design direction, product design because the computer implementation of a late start, there is no mature, to achieve these goals design tools. In my view, the integrated use of four types of text design method is an effective way to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are more involved in the field, not only with knowledge about the field of
mechanical design, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence, computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such as domain knowledge, but is still Product design must work together. Foreign research in this area has been noticed, our scholars have been aware of the CAD design technology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and measures to be taken. Many modern mechanical design is a blend of technical disciplines and fields after the shortcut, the Technology in the real machine to achieve a perfect combination, provided that the knowledge the designer .The minds of the first to achieve the perfect combination to form an orderly body of knowledge. Modern Machine .Mechanical design can not be a personal act, in the design group, all members should master modern.Mechanical design of the knowledge, so as to achieve mutual understanding and cooperation in order to build the whole.Bureau of the concept, and ultimately perfect the design of modern machinery.