XX 大学工商管理硕士（MBA）研究生作业纸班 级 2011 春季 MBA 课 程 商务英语 姓 名 艾文佳 洪金生 学 成 号 绩 教师批阅 11082 任课教授《新剑桥商务英语中级》Page 35 B3 第二题 Dear Laura Thomas, Thank you for your e-mail informing us of your visit to my office tomorrow. Our business is very important and we have studied it for quite a long time,so I think I should spend a proper period of time showing you around my company and discussing issues thoroughly together.therefore, three days will be appropriate for your journey and we could make an arrangement for your stay if you like. My office is in the central part of the city so it’s easy to find.But just after this e-mail I will send you a sketch map for your convenience, please don’t worry! What’s more,thanks a lot for inviting us,we are also glad to have lunch with you and your colleagues!I am very cognizant of de luxe restaurants and I can book one for all of us!I am sure you’ll enjoy it. Looking forward to seeing you too! Sincerely yours. Alan Grant第页共页
教师批阅第页共页
第二篇：商务英语相关词汇二
2）商务英语相关词汇（商务英语相关词汇（2
actasanintermediaryforintroducingforeigncapitalandestablishingdomesticconnections外引内联
linktotalpayrollwiththeperformanceofanenterprise企业"工效挂钩"
establishoperationalmechanismsofmarketeconomy,rulebylaw,democraticsupervisionandincorruptiblegovernment建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制"
serveasamediumforintroducingadvancedtechnologies,managerialexpertiseandqualifiedprofessionalsfromoutside发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用
establishanunified,openmarketwithorderlycompetition形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场
riseofknowledge-basedeconomy知识经济的兴起optimumportfolio最佳投资组合
paybackperiodofinvestment投资回收期
China'sOpeningandawin-for-allWorld中国的开放与世界的共赢
self-perfectionandself-developmentofthesocialistsystem社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展
intensiveprocessing深加工
greenmail绿票欺诈
high-yield,high-qualityandhigh-returnagriculture三高农业（高产、高质、高效）
simplifycirculationandaddmorerandomchecks简化流通环节，增加随机检查
activelyintroducecapital,technology,competentprofessionalsandmanagerialexpertiseformoutside积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验
toimposechargesandquotasandcollectmoneywithoutauthorization不合理收费、集资和摊派
marginalproductivity边际生产力
toensurethecontinuityandstabilityofourbasicline,principlesandpolicies保证基本路线和方针政策的连续性和稳定性
tocombineremunerationaccordingtoworkwithremunerationaccordingtofactorsofproduction把按劳分配和按生产要素分配结合起来
policyoffriendshipandpartnershipwithneighboringcountries以邻为善，以邻为伴
putintopracticetheguidelinesoftheParty'sSixteenthNationalCongressandtheThirdPlenarySessionofitsSixteenthCentralCommittee贯彻落实党的十六大和十六届三中全会精神
economicsanction经济制裁
economictake-off经济腾飞
educationforall-rounddevelopment素质教育
interimgovernment过渡政府
Peaceanddevelopmenthavebecomethemaincurrentintoday'sworld和平与发展已成为当今世界的主流
tocombattheglobaleconomicslump抵抗全球经济衰退
thetransferofandchangesinpropertyrightsofenterprises产权划转和产权变动
hiddenemployment隐形就业
GrainforGreenProject退耕还林、还草工程
stimulateeconomicgrowth拉动经济增长
besubordinatedtoandservetheoverallinterestsofthecountry服从全局、服务全局
yieldthegreatestreturnsoninvestment发挥最大的使用效益appropriatelydirectedtothecentralandwesternareasofthecountry对中西部地区适当倾斜
Theuncompletedprojectscannotdragonandrequireexcessiveinvestment避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能
useourlimitedfundswheretheycanbeputtobestuse把有限的资金用在"刀刃上"
thetransitionfromanexaminationandapprovalsystemtoaregistrationandrecordingsystemfortherighttoengageinexport出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡
guardagainstanddefusefinancialrisks防范和化解金融风险reformthepriceformationmechanism改革价格形成机制
Developmentrequiresthatwealwaysconcentrateoneconomicgrowth,baseourselvesonChina'srealities,conformtothetrendofthetimesandcontinuetoexplorenewwaystopromotetheprogressoftheadvancedproductiveforcesandculture发展必须坚持以经济建设为中心，立足中国现实，顺应时代潮流，不断开拓促进先进生产力和先进文化发展的新途径
madeacourtesycallon拜会
opennessbasingonsincerity诚信为本
foundationstonelayingceremony奠基仪式
newsocialistcountryside社会主义新农村
Thebasictaskofthenationistoconcentrateitseffortsonsoci
alistmodernization国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设
becivic-minded有公德心
tomakeoverallplansforurbanandruralsystem统筹兼顾城乡就业
toadoptelastic,flexible,diversifiedformsofemployment实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式
buildacleananddiligent,pragmaticandefficientgovernment建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府
bringnewvigorandvitalityinto注入新的生机与活力
establishanunified,openmarketwithorderlycompetition形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场
overcomedifferencesandseekcommonground求同存异substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery利改税
revitalizelargeandmedium-sizedstateownedenterprises搞活国有大中型企业
investmentinnon-productiveprojects非生产性投资
anti-fakelabel防伪标志
shakeofftheimpactofthefinancialcrisis摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响
commercialdevelopmentundertakingatanewhistoricalstartingpoint商务事业发展正站在新的历史起点
scientificandtechnologicalenterprisesthatintegratescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentwithindustrialandtradedevelopment技工贸结合的科技型企业
alongsidefortifyingthestatusofthepublicownershipasthem
ainstay,itisalsoencouragedtowitnesscommondevelopmentofdifferentsystemsofownership在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展
mark-to-market逐日盯市
keyentitledgroups重点优抚对象
overcomedifferencesandseekcommonground求同存异
subscribe申购
hedgefund对冲基金
misappropriationordiversionoffinancialinvestment挤占、挪用财政投资
materialinvestment实物投资
monetaryinvestment货币投资
pluguploopholesintermsoftheirsourcesandsystems从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞
proceedfromnationalconditionsinChinaandbringouradvantagesintoplay立足中国国情，发挥自身优势
maintainthe"fivebalances"（balancingurbanandruraldevelopment,developmentamongregions,economicandsocialdevelopment,developmentofmanandnature,anddomesticdevelopmentandopeninguptotheoutsideworld）五个统筹
"threedeductions"（forpublicreservefunds,publicwelfarefundsandmanagementfees）andthe"fivecharges"（chargesforruraleducation,familyplanning,militiatraining,ruralroadconstructionandsubsidiestoentitledgroups）三提五统
hardwork,plainlivingandbuildingupthecountrythroughthrift艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国
Theregulatoryandlegalsystemisnotwellestablishedastoadapttothedemandofmarketeconomy适应市场经济需要的法律法
规体系还不够健全
tosuspendpayment止付
substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery利改税
toimplementthepolicyofvigorouslyincreasingemployment实施积极促进就业的政策
resource-conservingsociety资源节约型社会
aprogramofjointdevelopment,adjustment,cooperationandmergers共建、调整、合作、合并
counterfeitandsubstandardgoods假冒伪劣商品
strategicconceptof"coordinatingalltheactivitiesofthenationlikemovesinachessgame.""全国一盘棋"的战略布局harmonioussocialistsociety社会主义和谐社会
strategicopportunities战略机遇期
theprincipleofdealingwithdifferentsectors区别对待、有保有压的原则
prudentfiscalpolicy稳健的财政政策
addressfinancialrisks防范和化解金融风险
proceedfromnationalconditionsinChinaandbringouradvantagesintoplay立足中国国情，发挥自身优势
thereformofruraltaxesandadministrativecharges农村税费改革
advantageofeconomiesofscale规模经营优势
law-basedadministration依法行政
Asocialistsocietythatisdemocraticandlaw-based,fairandjust,trustworthyandfriendly,fullofvigorandvitality,secureando
rderly,andinwhichmanandnatureareinharmony民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会主义和谐社会
Apeacefulandstableinternationalenvironment,afriendlyneighboringenvironment,acooperativeenvironmentbasedonequalityandmutualbenefit,andapublicopinionenvironmentthatisobjectiveandfriendly.和平稳定的国际环境、睦邻友好的周边环境.平等互利的合作环境和客观友善的舆论环境
inspirethegeneralpublic'sconfidenceinthefutureneeds改善居民心理预期
forcedquotation欺行霸市价格
tradeco-ordinationandself-discipline行业协调和自律
trytokeeppopulationgrowthinlinewithsocialandeconomicdevelopment人口增长与社会经济发展相协调
toadoptelastic,flexible,diversifiedformsofemployment实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式
openadministration政务公开
actasanintermediaryforintroducingforeigncapitalandestablishingdomesticconnections外引内联
showmagnanimity采取高姿态
targethittingactivities达标活动
crackdownoncounterfeitgoods打假
realeffectiveexchangerate实效汇率
repurchaseagreement回购协议
taxexemptspecialsavingsaccount免税特别储蓄账户
variableratemortgage可变利率抵押
workingcapitalguarantee流动资金担保
settingandtransmittinginterestrates利率形成和传导机制slavishmoves盲目趋同
encouragemergersandstandardizebankruptcyprocedures鼓励兼并，规范破产
trytoinformationizethenationaleconomy推进国民经济信息化takegreatstridesalongtheroadtosocialismwithChinesecharacteristics沿着有中国特色的社会主义道路阔步前进
unregisteredemployment;veiledre-employment隐形就业
supportassociationbetweenstrongenterprisessothattheycantakeadvantageofeachother'sstrengths支持强强联合，实现优势互补
marketforecastandearlywarning市场监测
overstatementsinthemarket市场过度炒作
businessworkdiscussionmeeting商务工作座谈会
securitiesloan融券
marketmanipulation市场操纵
consciousnessofriskprevention风险意识
proactiveregulationandsupervision事前监管
businesssegregation,economyofscale分业管理、规模经营substantiallyreducetheratioofnon-performingassets分离和收回不良资产
improveenterprises'creditworthinessandabilitytofulfilltheircivilliabilities提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力
fosterstrengthsandcircumventweaknessesandrisetothechallengeofeconomicglobalization扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战
absorbidlefund吸收游资
ensurefloatingcapitalloansforwell-performingandtrustworthyenterpriseswhichturnouttherightproductsfortherightmarkets保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款
supportingpolicies配套政策
redchips红筹股
guaranteeChina'slong-termstability保证国家的长治久安
maintainahighsenseofresponsibility对人民高度负责的态度tax-for-feesreform费改税改革
theprincipleof"tighteningcollectionandmanagement,plugginguploopholes,punishingcorruptionandclearingupoverduetaxes""加强征管、堵塞漏洞、惩治腐败、清缴欠税"的方针
ribbon-cuttingceremony剪彩仪式
ascientificandeffectivemechanismforcollectingrevenue科学有效的收入组织机制
pricehikesforexorbitantprofits牟取暴利
Advocacygroup吁请团，游说团体
Merchandizing商品化
Turnovertax/withholdingtax流转税/预提所得税
InputVAT/outcomeVAT进项增值税/销项增值税
Mixedsales/concurrentbusiness混合销售/兼营
Rulingrequestsystem/administrativeappealsystem裁定请求体系/行政复议体系
"threedeductions"（forpublicreservefunds,publicwelfarefundsandmanagementfees）andthe"fivecharges"（chargesforruraleducation,familyplanning,militiatraining,ruralroadconstructionandsubsidiestoentitledgroups）"三提五统"
Detentionbeyondthelegallyprescribedtimelimits超期羁押Avoidherdmentality防止"一哄而起"
Hiringpreference优先安置
Governmentofficialsincahootswithcoalmineoperators;governmentofficialsactincollusionwithcoalmineoperators官煤勾结
Pyramidschemesandtheonesindisguisedforms传销及变相传销
Duplicatelawenforcement多头执法
Share-mergerreform股权分置改革
Sixprinciples,summedupinsixphrases,havebeenlaidouttoensuretheachievementoftheaboveobjectives,namely:coordinationbetweentheurbanandruralareas,interactionbetweentheeasternandwesternregions,exchangebetweenChinaandtheoutsideworld,integrationbetweencentralandlocalinitiatives,balancelong-termandimmediateinterests,aswellasappropriatenessbetweenthespeedanddimensionofreformandthesocialstabilityandbearingcapacity.为了保证这些任务的完成，必须把握以下二十四个字的原则：城乡协调、东西互动、内外交流、上下结合、远近兼顾、松紧适度
Thegovernmentmustfunctionbythemandateofthepeople,empathizewiththefeelingsofthepeople,andworkforthewell-beingofthepeople.权为民所用，情为民所系，利为民所谋
Systemsformakingcollectivedecisionsonmajorissues,forsolicitingopinionsfromexperts,forkeepingthepublicinformedandholdingpublichearings,andforaccountabilityinpolicy-making重大问题集体决策制度、专家咨询制度、社会公式和社会听证制度、决策
责任制度
Strengthentheoversightsystemforstateassetsbyestablishingasoundoperatingandbudgetsystemforstatecapital,asoundperformanceevaluationsystemandasoundsystemforassigningresponsibilityformajorlossesofstateassets完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度
businessworkdiscussionmeeting商务工作座谈会
breachofcontract不履行合同
biddinginvitationcontractsystem招标承包制
eightdo'sandeightdon'ts八个坚持、八个反对
vitalizeborderareasandenrichthepeoplelivingthere边富民兴
asystemofpublichearings社会听证制度
combinepunishmentandprevention,withemphasisonthelatter坚持打防结合、预防为主
putdecision-makingonamorescientificanddemocraticbasis推进决策科学化民主化
toexploitandutilizerenewableenergyresources开发利用可再生能源
anewtypeofcomprehensiveAsia-Europepartnership亚欧新型全面伙伴关系
accordwiththepopularwillandsentiments顺民意，合民情urban-ruraldualeconomy两元经济结构
serveasamediumforintroducingadvancedtechnologies,managerialexpertiseandqualifiedprofessionalsfromoutside发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用
actasanintermediaryforintroducingforeigncapitalandestablishingdomesticconnections外引内联
cooldowntheover-heatedfuturemarketandrestorefinancialorder降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序
fundsallocatedbyfinancialdepartments;financialappropriations财政拨款
comprehensiveutilizationofwastematerialsandrecoveryandrecyclingofusedresources废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用
theplantomakenine-yearcompulsoryeducationuniversalandtoeliminateilliteracyamongtheyoungandmiddle-agedinthewesternregion西部地区“两基”攻坚计划
eliminationofruralcompulsoryeducationcharges取消农村义务教育收费
culturalandeducationalexchanges人文交流
activatetheexistinginfrastructureassets盘活基础设施存量资产ribbon-cuttingceremonies剪彩仪式
tax-for-feesreform费改税改革
pilotproject试点项目
transmissionofelectricityfromthewesterntotheeasternregion西电东送
tostrengthenlaw-abidingandsocialethicsawareness社会守法意识、公德意识有待增强
economicgrowthhasbeenbroughtbymultipleprops多点支撑的增长局面初步形成
tobuildaconservation-conscioussociety建设节约型社会
WewillcontinuetodrawonforeignexperiencewhilemaintainingChinesecharacteristics.世界经验还要借鉴下去，中国特色还要坚
持下去
dilemmaintheprocessofcoordinatingeconomicandsocialdevelopment两难问题（在经济和社会协调过程中一系列两难问题的挑战）
TheChinesegovernmentisfirmandresoluteinfightingIPRviolations.中国政府打击知识产权违法行为是坚定不移和毫不手软的
EastAsiaEconomicRim东亚经济圈
Moderatelytightcreditpolicy适度从紧的信贷政策
forgeaheadwiththenewgreatprojectofPartybuilding全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程
toestablishadialoguemechanisminresponsetoeconomicandfinancialeventualities建立应对经济和金融突发事件的紧急对话机制
toenhancesubstantivecooperationinthefiscalandfinancialsector深化财政和金融实质性合作深化财政和金融实质性合作
executiveaccountabilitysystem行政问责制度
Governmentssetupthestage,variousdepartmentscooperateandenterpriseputintheshow.政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏
acleanandefficientgovernment政府廉洁高效
seizetheopportunity,deepenreform,openChinawidertotheoutsideworld,promotedevelopmentandmaintainstability抓住机遇,深化改革,扩大开放,促进发展,保持稳定
specialfunds专项资金
capitaladequacyratio资本充足率
aconservation-mindedsociety资源节约型社会
goingonthetrackofsoundprogress走上良性发展的轨道
jointstockpartnership股份合作
employworkersinaccordancewithproductionneedsandincreaseefficiencywhilereducingthestaff以产定人,减员增效会
tradespacefortime以空间换取时间
setagoodexampleandperformdutieshonestly以身作则,廉洁奉公
striveforsurvival,developmentandefficiencyonthebasisofquality以质量求生存、求发展、求效益
boost（increase,raise，orstepup）productionbothintensivelyandextensively向生产的深度和广度进军
formanall-directional,multi-layeredandwide-rangingopeningpattern形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的开放格局
window-dressingdeposits虚拟存款
full-scaleeconomicintegration完全经济结合
TheOutlinefortheTenthFive-Yearhighlightsitsstrategicvision,broadperspectivesandpolicyconsiderations十五计划《纲要》突出了战略性、宏观性、政策性
policy-basedclosureandbankruptcy政策性关闭破产
thedirect,two-wayandcomplete“ThreeLinks”直接、双向、全面“三通”
takethepreemptiveopportunities抢得先机
returnsonequity（ROE）权益回报率
ground-breakingceremony破土动工仪式
trialsofcomprehensiveruralreform农村综合试点改革
ethnocentrism民族优越感
thepopulace'scultivation国民素质
tacklehard-nutproblemsinscienceandtechnology;tacklehard-nutproblemsonthestrengthofscienceandtechnology科技攻关
commercializescientificandtechnologicalresults;togearscientificandtechnologicalachievementstothemarketandproduction科技成果市场化、产业化
expandcitizens'participationinpoliticalaffairsinanorderlyway扩大公民有序的政治参与
technologytransfer技术转让
primary-levelculturalundertakings基层文化建设
continuewiththepastandopenupthefuture继往开来
streamlineadministrationanddelegatepower;streamlineadministrationandinstitutedecentralization简政放权
enhancetrust,reducetrouble,developcooperationandavoidconfrontation增加信任,减少麻烦,发展合作,不搞对抗
separatesecondarylinesofbusinessfromcorebusiness,turnsecondarylinesintoindependentcompanies主辅分离，辅业改制
systemsformakingcollectivedecisionsonmajorissues,forsolicitingopinionsfromexperts,forkeepingthepublicinformedandholdingpublichearing,andforaccountabilityinpolicy-making重大问题集体决策制度、专家咨询制度、社会公开和社会听证制度、决策责任制度
establishanunified,openmarketwithorderlycompetition形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场
dualpurposeexports军民两用品出口
calculateonthebaseline按原口径计算
voluntaryprivateplans个人自愿计划
maintainanappropriaterapideconomicgrowth保持经济适度快速增长
ensurethattheseprojectsarecompletedaccordingtoscheduleandyieldeconomicreturns保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益
project“extendradioandTVcoveragetoeveryvillage”村村通广播电视工程
amajorityofscientificpersonnelbeingdivorcedfromenterprisesandthemarket大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外
rawandsemi-finishedmaterialsandresourceproductswhichareinshortsupplyinChina国内短缺原材料和资源性产品
urgentlyneededexpendituresforkeyconstructionprojects急需安排的重点支出
governmentfundsandspecialchargesofataxnature具有税收性质的政府性基金或专项性收费
keepwithinthelimitsofthenationaleconomicstrength控制在国民经济可以承受的范围之内
toincreasethedeficittospendmoreondevelopment靠扩大财政赤字搞建设
buildacleananddiligent,pragmaticandefficientgovernment建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府
trytokeeppopulationgrowthinlinewithsocialandeconomicdevelopment人口增长与社会经济发展相协调
toadoptelastic,flexible,diversifiedformsofemployment实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式
ahigh-efficiencyandinter-provincerapidgreenpass跨省市区域、高效快捷的绿色通道
tostressthedevelopmentoflabor-intensiveenterpriseswithcomparativeadvantagesandmarketpotential重视发展具有比较优势和市
场潜力的劳动密集型企业
Socialwelfareinsurance,particularlyold-age,unemploymentandmedicalinsurance,mustbemademandatoryinurbanareas.在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险。
Asthereformfurtherdevelops,thescopeformandatorystateplanswillbenarrowed,whilethescopeformarketforceswillbeenlarged.随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
Thecriterionforourjudgmentiswhetherthemovefacilitatesthedevelopmentofsocialistproductiveforces,whetherithelpsincreasetheoverallnationalstrengthofasocialistcountry,andwhetheritbringsaboutbetterlivingstandards.我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
Six-PartyTalk（DPRKNukeTalk）六方会谈（朝鲜核问题会谈）
ThreeGreens三绿
China-USMediationCenter中美调停中心
StableandRapidEconomicGrowthWithoutFluctuations稳定快速无大起大落的经济增长
SuiGeneris独特的
TransitionalGracePeriod过渡时期优惠期
ConformtoWTOSpiritsandAgreements遵循WTO精神和条款SteertheBigShipofChina'sEconomy掌控中国经济的大船CrossRetaliation交叉报复
NullificationandImpairment（利益的）丧失和减损
ShowMagnanimity采取高姿态
CityDevelopmentSurcharge城市建设附加费
NnlessPartiesHaveAgreedOtherwise除当事人另有约定的以外JointandSeveralLliability连带责任
FourMajorTasks:RestructureStateFirms,PromotetheNon-StateSector,OptimizeIndustrialMixandAbsorbMoreInvestment四项任务：重组国有企业，促进非公有行业，优化工业结构，吸收更多投资
AFair,EquitableandNon-discriminaryMultilateralTradingSystem公平、公正、非歧视的多边贸易体制
Alldisputesshall,firstofall,besettledamicablybynegotiation.一切争端应首先通过友好会谈进行解决。
Thearbitrationfeeshall,inaccordancewiththeRulesofArbitration,bebornebythelosingparty.根据仲裁规则，仲裁费用应由败诉方承担。
TheSellershallnot,withoutthebuyer'sconsent,discusstheContractoranyprovisionthereoftoanypersonoranythirdparties.未经买方同意，卖方不得将合同或合同的任何规定透漏给任何人或任何第三方。
If,afterthirtydaysfromthecommencementofsuchinformalconsultations,thePartiesfailtoresolveamicablyacontractdispute,eitherPartytheretomayrequirethatthedisputebesubmittedtoarbitrationforresolution.在非正式协商开始30天后，如果双方仍不能友好地解决合同争端，任何一方可以要求将争端提交仲裁解决。economist经济学家
socialisteconomy社会主义经济
capitalisteconomy资本主义经济
collectiveeconomy集体经济
plannedeconomy计划经济controlledeconomy管制经济ruraleconomics农村经济liberaleconomy经济
mixedeconomy混合经济politicaleconomy政治经济学protectionism保护主义autarchy闭关自守
primarysector初级成分
privatesector私营成分,私营部门publicsector公共部门,公共成分economicchannels经济渠道economicbalance经济平衡economicfluctuation经济波动economicdepression经济衰退economicstability经济稳定economicpolicy经济政策economicrecovery经济复原understanding约定
concentration集中
holdingcompany控股公司
trust托拉斯
cartel卡特尔
rateofgrowth增长
economictrend经济趋势
economicsituation经济形势infrastructure基本建设
standardofliving生活标准,生活水平purchasingpower,buyingpower购买力scarcity短缺
stagnation停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment不发达
underdeveloped不发达的
developing发展中的
initialcapital创办资本
frozencapital冻结资金
frozenassets冻结资产fixedassets固定资产