第三单元 中西文化的差异
cultural difference between West and East
Everything is relative, cultural difference being no exception. Culture, as the total pattern of human behavior and its products, oversteps geographical limits and historical conditions in many ways, and it is characterized by its strong
penetrativeness and fusibility.
The advancement of the globalized economy and the rapidity and ease of modern communication, transportation, and mass media have resulted in an ever increasing exchange between cultures, unprecedented in scale, scope, and speed. Consequently, an increase in universality and a reduction in difference between cultures is an inevitable trend. It is no surprise to see phenomena characteristic of one culture existing in another. As a result, some people even fear that the world will become a dull place when all the different nationalities behave exactly alike.
Nevertheless, the “cultural sediment” formed through
long-range accumulation is not to be easily removed, and the cultural tradition handed down from generation to generation shows great consistency and continuity. The cultures of different regions and nations still have their own distinctive peculiarities, and therefore significance still needs to be attached to the study of the individualities of different cultures against the background of their universality.
教学目标：
1、通过对中西文化差异的比对介绍使学生能探究一些场景所蕴涵的中西文化差异；
2、训练学生在观看英美原声经典广告的过程中所形成的听力技能和创新能力；
3、初步掌握一些有关美国国家的概况；
4、扩展学生知识面，拓宽学生国际视野，提升学生文化修养。
教学重点：
培养学生有意识地去关注英语国家文化以及东西文化之间的差异。
课前准备：
1、多媒体放映设备；
2、准备几段英语广告的视频材料；
3、从网络下载有关中西文化差异的材料及场景；
4、准备英语歌曲、英语MTV以及有关美国国家的视频材料。
教学时间：二课时
Lesson One
教学过程：
一、 Enjoy five ads.
二、 Some differences between English and Chinese.
三、 英汉最常见的七大文化差异
（一）、 考虑问题的主体
中国人喜欢以对方为中心，考虑对方的情感。
如： 想买什么？ 您想借什么书？
而英语中，往往从自身的角度出发
如： Can I help you？ What can I do for you？
（二）、问候用语 中国人打招呼，一般都以对方处境或动向为思维出发点。如： 您去哪里？ 您是上班还是下班？
而西方人往往认为这些纯属个人私事，不能随便问。所以他们见面打招呼总是说： Hi/Hello！ Good morning/afternoon/evening/night！How are you？It's a lovely day，isn't it？
（三）、面对恭维
中国人的传统美德是谦虚谨慎，对别人的恭维和夸奖应是推辞。
如：“您的英语讲得真好。”“哪里， 哪里，一点也不行。”“菜做得很好吃。 ” “过奖，过奖，做得不好，请原谅。”
西方人从来不过分谦虚，对恭维一般表示谢意，表现出一种自强自信的
信念。如：
“You can speak very good French．” “Thank you．” “It's a wonderful dish！” “I am glad you like it．” 所以，学生要注意当说英语的人称赞你时，千万不要回答：“No，I don't think so．”这种回答在西方人看来是不礼貌的，甚至是虚伪的。
（四）、接受礼物
中国人收到礼物时，一般是放在一旁，确信客人走后，才迫不及待地打
开。受礼时连声说：“哎呀，还送礼物干什么？” “真是不好意思啦。”“下不为例。” “让您破费了。”
西方人收到礼物时，一般当着客人的面马上打开，好：“Very beautiful！
Wow！” “What a wonderful gift it is！” “Thank you for your present．”
（五）、称呼用语
中国人见面时喜欢问对方的年龄、收入、家庭等。而西方人很反感别人
问及这些私事。西方人之间，如没有血缘关系，对男子统称呼“Mr．”，对未婚女士统称“Miss”，对已婚女士统称“Mrs．”。 中国人重视家庭、亲情，认为血浓于水。为了表示礼貌，对陌生人也要以亲属关系称呼。如：“大爷、大娘、大叔、大婶、大哥、大姐等”。
（六）、体贴他人
在西方，向别人提供帮助、关心、同情等的方式和程度是根据接受方愿
意接受的程度来定的；而中国人帮起忙来一般是热情洋溢，无微不至。 Chinese student：Mr．White，you are so pale，are you sick？
English teacher：Well．．．yes．I have got a bad cold for several days．
Chinese student：Well，you should go to a clinic see the doctor as soon as possible． English teacher：Er...what do you mean？
中国人建议患上感冒的人马上去看医生，表示真诚的关心。而美国人对
此不理解，会认为难道他的病有如此严重吗？因此，只要回答
“I'm sorry to hear that．”就够了。
（七）、请客吃饭
中国人招待客人时，一般都准备了满桌美味佳肴，不断地劝客人享用，自己还谦虚：“没什么菜，吃顿便饭。薄酒一杯，不成敬意。”行动上多以主人为客人夹菜为礼。
西方人会对此大惑不解：明明这么多菜，却说没什么菜，这不是实事求是的行为。而他们请客吃饭，菜肴特别简单，经常以数量不多的蔬菜为可口的上等菜，席间劝客仅仅说：“Help yourself to some vegetables，please．”吃喝由客人自便自定。
（八）、课后作业
搜集有关西方文化礼仪的各种影像资料
Lesson Two
I． 导入
为学生设置实际的一些西方的交际场景，考察学生对西方礼仪文化的了解程度。
II. 材料呈现
你不知道的美国人的待客礼仪
An American friend has invited you to visit his family. You've never been to an American's home before, and you're not sure what to do. Should you take a gift? How should you dress? What time should you arrive? What should you do when you get there? Glad you asked. When you're the guest, you should just make yourself at home. That's what hospitality is all about: making people feel at home when they're not.
The question of whether or not to bring a gift often makes guests squirm. Giving your host a gift is not just a social nicety in some cultures-it's expected. But in American culture, a guest is not obligated to bring a present. Of course, some people do bring a small token of appreciation to their host. Appropriate gifts for general occasions might
be flowers, candy or-if the family has small children-toys. If you choose not to bring a gift, don't worry. No one will even notice.
American hospitality begins at home-especially when it involves food. Most Americans agree that good home cooking beats restaurant food any day. When invited for a meal, you might ask, "Can I bring anything?" Unless it's a potluck, where everyone brings a dish, the host will probably respond, "No, just yourself." For most informal dinners, you should wear comfortable, casual clothes. Plan to arrive on time, or else call to inform your hosts of the delay. During the dinner conversation, it's customary to compliment the hostess on the wonderful meal. Of course, the biggest compliment is to eat lots of food!
When you've had plenty, you might offer to clear the table or wash the dishes. But since you're the guest, your hosts may not let you. Instead, they may invite everyone to move to the living room for dessert with tea or coffee. After an hour or so of general chit-chat, it's probably time to head for the door. You don't want to wear out your welcome. And above all, don't go snooping around the house. It's more polite to wait for the host to offer you a guided tour. But except for housewarmings, guests often don't get past the living room.
Americans usually like to have advance notice when people come to see them. Only very close friends drop by unannounced. This is especially true if the guests want to stay for a few days. Here's a good rule of thumb for house guests: Short stays are best. As one 19th century French writer put it, "The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest." Even relatives don't usually stay for several weeks at a time. While you're staying with an American family, try to keep your living area neat and tidy. Your host family will appreciate your consideration. And they may even invite you back!
Most Americans consider themselves hospitable people. Folks in the southern United States, in particular, take pride in entertaining guests. In fact, "southern hospitality" has become legendary. But in all parts of America, people welcome their guests with open arms. So don't be surprised to find the welcome mat out for you. Just don't forget to wipe your feet.
一位美国朋友邀请你去他家。你以前从未去过美国人的家，你不确定该怎么做。该带一个礼物吗？该怎么穿？该几点到？到了那里该做什么？很高兴你发问。你若是客人，只要使自己感到自在就好了。待客之道就是这样：虽然不是在家里，却使客人有实至如归之感。
是否带礼物的问题常使客人不安。在某些文化中，送主人礼物不只是社交礼节——还是必要的。但是在 美国文化中，客人并不一定要带礼物。当然，有些人的确会带个表示感谢的小礼物给他们的主人。在一般情情况下，带花或是糖果，如果这家人有小孩，玩具应当是 恰当的礼物。如果你选择不带礼物，别担心，甚至没有人会注意到的。
美国人的待客之道从家里开始——尤其是和食物有关。大多数美国人都同意，无论如何，好的家常菜胜 过餐馆的菜。受邀吃饭时，你或许可以问：“我可以带些什么吗?”除非是每人带一道菜的聚餐，否则主人很可能会回答：“不用，你来就可以了。”大多数非正式 的聚餐，你应该穿舒适、轻便的衣服。设法准时到，否则打电话告诉主人你会晚点到。用餐时，习惯上，人们会称赞女主人烹调的美食。当然，最大的赞美是多吃!
当你吃得差不多时，或许可以主动表示要帮忙清理桌子或洗碗
盘，但你既是客人，你的主人可能不会让 你这样做。他们或许会邀请大家到客厅吃点心、喝茶或咖啡。聊个大约一小时或许就该离去了，你可不希望变得不受欢迎吧。还有最重要的是不要在屋子里四处窥 探，等主人邀请你参观才较有礼貌。可是除了乔迁喜宴之外，客人通常都只待在客厅里。
美国人通常喜欢访客事先通知他们，只有非常亲密的朋友才可能不请自来，尤其在客人要待好几天时更 是如此。最好不要久留——这是给访客的经验之谈。如同十九世纪一位法国作家所写的：“第一天是客人，第二天是负担，第三天就是讨厌鬼了。”即使是亲戚通常 也不会一次待上几个星期。当你住在美国人家里时，设法使你住的地方保持整齐清洁。你的主人一家都会感谢你这么体贴，他们甚至会再邀请你!
大多数美国人都认为他们是好客之人。尤其是美国的南方人更以款待客人自豪，事实上，“南方的款待”是人们所津津乐道口口相传的。不过在美国各地，人们都展开双臂欢迎他们的客人，所以当你发现有WELCOME字样的鞋垫为你时，别惊讶，只是别忘了把你的脚擦干净就是了。
III. 让学生找出其中提到的交际礼仪，全班再一起讨论得出结论。 IV. 多媒体展示电影片段。学生模仿
V. 小组呈现西方人的礼仪
VI. 课后作业
积累更多实用的西方交际礼仪，在下节课上与全班分享。