阅读能力包括阅读速度和理解能力，阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力。学生必须在很有限的时间内运用略读，扫读，查读等技巧快速阅读，找到关键词，主题句，获得时空，顺序，情节，人物，观点，并且能够理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

【点拨】：什么是略读？

略读是指快速阅读文章，掌握其大意及几个能说明问题的关键细节。换句话说也就是：快速阅读文章，只需要留意文章要点。

略读要求的是对整篇文章的快速阅读，阅读目的是获得文章的主要大意和能说明问题的一些重要细节，强调的是了解文章的大意和以较快的速度完成阅读。

Whether experts said a hot summer was on the way, with some areas of the UK reaching temperature of 30℃.

The hottest day so far this year was on June 30, and that was recorded as 27.2℃ (81F) in Heathrow, London. Experts from the Met office, who forecast weather for the UK and the rest of the world, said they thought temperatures would get much higher throughout July. They said it looked like it would be a much warmer July than average, and compared to last year it would definitely be much drier. The summer of 2012 was the wettest on record, and spring this year was the coldest since 1962.

Don’t forget to wear your sun lotion!

阅读技巧：

首段----了解文章主要谈论的内容：今年夏天非常炎热，英国一些地区气温达到30℃.a hot summer was on the way，some areas of the UK，reaching temperature of 30℃都是一些重要细节。在阅读中，我们抓住这些关键部分，会很大程度上提高阅读速度，这种方法就是略读。

略读方法运用具体技巧：“一抓一略”

1.文章的大标题，各段的小标题。

大标题相当于整篇文章的中心句，小标题相当于段落的主旨句。把握了这两点就相当于把握了文章的主要内容。

The beauty of indoors games for children

The beauty comes with children’s indoor games. A child has to have activities to do, and should be active every day. On days that are extremely cold, hot or raining, these games are perfect. These games are an excellent way to keep a child active throughout the day.

Technology

With the technology that is available in today’s society, playing indoors can be as enjoyable as playing outdoors. Children’s indoor games can include activities such as memory, going fish, hop scotch and candy land. Depending on how old a child is, they may be able to play activates on the computer.

Coloring

Coloring is one great indoor activities that children and parents can enjoy together. Coloring can be the perfect method of learning for children who are starting to recognize shapes, colors and their alphabet. Once the work has been completed, parents can keep them on the wall for the entire family to admire.

Indoors games

When it comes to children’s indoor games, to roll the marble and shadow play are quite popular. Most children are amazed when they discover that they have a shadow. Other children’s indoor games include jelly bean trail, tabletop soccer, wall football and dress-up. These games and

activities never get old, and they can be enjoyed and appreciated by children in various age groups.

2. 抓住文章的首段与末段来判断文章的主旨大意。

一篇文章一般会有一个主题段落。作者会通过一个或几个能概括文章核心内容的句子来阐明文章的中心思想。主题段落的位置一般比较固定，通常出现在一篇文章的开始，也就是文章的首段（或者前两三段中的某段），这对于新闻报刊类文章来说尤其如此。

按照西方人习惯性的思维方式和写作习惯，他们惯用的是演绎法：一开始先给出自己的核心观点，然后具体一步步论证。主旨大意一般是在文章首段中体现出来的。阅读文章首段，我们一般可以迅速抓住文章的主旨大意。对于文章的首段，我们应该用较慢的速度阅读，以便准确判断文章的话题和主要内容。我们应该充分利用首段提出的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络和线索。

有时，为突出主题，作者会先提出主题，文章结尾时在点出主题。这种首尾呼应式的写作方法也较为常见。但前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申和发展的意味。所以文章的末段也很重要，也要放慢速度，用充分的时间去阅读，已达到略读所要求的掌握整个文章大意的阅读目的。

Lacrosse(长曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. ……

At one time, lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.

The passage is mainly about _____.

A. how to play lacrosse B. lacrosse in Canada

C. the history of lacrosse D. lacrosse---- a popular game in Canada

Self-improvement is very helpful for an individual(个人). It has some positive effects not only on an individual, but on the society as a whole too. Some of the simple ways in which individual can improve themselves are as follows.

Listening to music is a good way of relaxing as well as inspiring yourself throughout the day. The songs that encourage you are the songs which you must listen to. This will help you to become positive in the long run. You will also be able to face the hardships of life easily because of this.

Working out is very important. Doing regular exercise is a good idea for most individuals. It will not only keep one in good shape but also to increase the mental well-being of the person. When you have a fit body, you will also have a positive thinking mind.

Having a special goal is very important. You must never leave the goal whatever happens in your day-to-day life. This is very important, as you will otherwise face the problem of not having a specific aim in your life.

These are therefore some of the ways in which self-improvement can be achieved. You will not have to take any difficult steps for the success of this self-help. You will be able to develop yourself and as a result benefit the society in the future.

The passage is mainly about_____.

A. ways of how to keep a nice figure.

B. The importance of self-improvement

C. Self-improvement tips for individual

D. Individuals’ positive impacts on society.

第二篇：英语阅读技巧与实践

英语阅读技巧与实践

context clues

efficient reading requires the use of various problem-solving skills. for example, it is impossible for you to know the exact meaning of every word you read, but by developing your guessing ability, you will be able to understand enough to arrive at the total meaning of a sentence, a paragraph , or an essay. these exercises are designed to help you improve your ability to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words by using context clues. (context clues refer to the sentence and the paragraph in which a word occurs) in using the context to decide on the meaning of a word . you have to use your knowledge of grammar and your understanding of the author's ideas.

although there is no formula which you can memorize to improve your ability to guess the meaning of unfailiar words.you should keep the following points in mind:

1. use the meanings of other words in the sentence or paragraph and the meaning of the sentence as a whole to reduce the number of possible meanings.

2. use grammar and punctuation clues which point to the relationships among the various parts of the sentence.

3.use your general or common knowledge of the world.

4. be satisfied with a general idea about the unfamiliar word; the exact definition or synonym is not always necessary.

5.learn to recognize situations in which it is not necessary to know meanings of the word.

上下文线索

高效的阅读需要使用各种解决问题的能力。例如，它是不可能让你知道你读的每一个词的确切含义，但通过发展你的猜测能力，您将能够足够的了解，到达一个句子，一个段落或一篇短文，总的意思。这些练习旨在帮助你提高你的能力，利用上下文线索猜测生词的含义。 （上下文线索是指其中一个字出现的句子和段落），在一个词的意义上使用的背景下决定。你必须使用你的语法知识和你理解作者的思想。虽然没有公式，你可以背诵，提高你的能力猜测生词的含义，你应该记住以下几点：

1。使用的含义和句子作为一个整体，以减少可能的含义的含义，换句话说在句子或段落。

2。使用语法和标点符号的线索指向的句子各部分之间的关系。

3，采用一般或共同的知识世界。 4。一个对不熟悉的单词的总体思路;满意的确切定义或同义词并不总是必要的。

5.Learn认识到它是没有必要知道这个词的意义的情况。

stems and affixes (word analysis) using context clues is one way to discover the meaning of an unfamiliar words. another way is word analysis . that is ,looking at the meanings of parts of words . many english words have been formed by combing parts of older

english ,greek,and latin words , if you know the meaning of an unfamiliar english word.

for example "report"is formed form "re",which means "back" and "port which means "carry" "scientist" is formed from "sci" which means "know", and "ist" ,which means "one who " port" and "sci"are called stems. a stem is a basic part on which groups of related words are built. "re" and "ist" are called affixes, that is ,word parts which are attached to stems. affixes like "re",which are attached to the beginning of stems are called prefixes. affixes attached to the end ,like "ist",are called suffixes. generally speaking, prefixes change the meaning of a word and suffixes change its part of speech. here is an example:

stem:pay(verb); prefix:repay(verb); suffix:repayment(noun)

word analysis is not always enough to give you the precise definition of a word you come across in reading a passage, but often it will help you to understand the general meaning of the word so that you can continue reading without stooping to use a dictionary.

茎和词缀（词分析）

利用上下文线索，发现一个陌生的词的意义的一种方式。另一种方法是字的分析。也就是说，寻找在部分单词的含义。梳理部分旧的英语，希腊语和拉丁语的话，如果你知道一个陌生的英语单词的含义，已经形成了许多英语单词。

例如，“报告”形成形成的“重”，这意味着“后退”和“端口，这意味着”扛“是从”SCI“，这意味着”知道“，和”北京时间“，这意味着”一个人形成的“科学家”被称为“端口”和“SCI”的茎。干组相关的词是建立一个基本组成部分。 “重”和“北京时间”，被称为词缀，就是字部分是连接到茎。被称为“RE”，这是连接到茎开始词缀前缀。连接到结束，如“北京时间”，词缀，被称为后缀。一般来说，前缀改变一个词的意义和后缀改变其词性。这里是一个例子：

干：补水（动词）;前缀：偿还（动词）;后缀：还款（名词）

字的分析是不够的，给你一个字，你遇到在阅读一个段落，但往往它会帮助你理解的一般意义上的字，让您可以继续阅读，而弯腰使用字典确切的定义。

introduction and comprehension

sometime comprehension of an entire passage depends on your being able to understand a single sentence . sentences which are very long , sentences which have more than one meaning ,o r sentences which contain difficult grammatical patterns often cause comprehension

problems for readers . the sentence reading exercises which follow give you the chance to develop strategies for attacking complicated sentences.

although there is no easy formula that will help you to arrive at an understanding of a difficult sentence, you should keep the following in mind.

1. try to determine what makes the sentence difficult.

2. learn to recognize the important grammatical and punctuation clues which can change the meaning of a sentence.

1) look for words and affixes which can change the entire meaning of a sentence . for example:

summery weather is not uncommon. here the prefix “un-"changes the entire meaning of the sentence.

2)look ofr key words that tell you of the relationship within a sentence,

examples: from..... to ;

not only ....but also in order to as a result of because of

引进和理解

有的时候整个段落的理解取决于你能够理解一个单句。很长的句子，有一个以上的意义，其中包含困难的语法模式往往引起读者的理解问题或句子的句子。句读的演习，后续让您有机会发展战略攻击复杂的句子。

虽然目前还没有简单的公式，将帮助你到达一个难句的理解，你应该牢记以下。

1。尝试以确定是什么使句子的困难。2。学习认识到的重要的语法和标点符号的线索，它可以改变句子的意思。

1）寻找可以改变整个句子的意思的单词和词缀。例如：

夏日的天气情况并不少见。

这里的前缀“联合国”改变整个句子的含义。

2）看OFR关键词，告诉您在一个句子的关系，

例子： 从.....到; 不仅....但也 为了

作为一个结果 因为

restatement and inference

each sentence below is followed by four statements

the statements are of four types: 1. some of the statements are

restatements of the original sentence. they gibe the same information in different ways.

2. some of the statements are

inferences or which can be drawn from the in formation given in the original sentence.

3. some of the statements are false based on the information given in the original sentence.

4. some of the statements cannot be judged true or false based on tye in

formation given in the original sentence.

重述与推理

下面每个句子后面是四个报表 语句有四种类型：

1。一些发言的原句重述。他们嘲弄相同的信息以不同的方式。

2。一些语句，可在原句在形成中得出的推论或。

3。一些语句都是假的原句提供的资料的基础上。

4。陈述了一些无法判断的基础上形成的泰伊在原句的真或假。

understanding the main idea

perhaps the best way to understand the main idea is to think of it as the central idea, or the most important idea, in a

paragraph. simply stated, if there is no main idea in a paragraph, there is no pargraph . for example ,the core is the most important part of an apple , for it is the center around which the fruit grows. a candle provides a similar example . at its center is a wick without which there is no candle ; just a lump of wax.

the same holds true for a paragraph. one sentence in a paragraph expresses the main idea ; the other sentences

explain ,devilop or support it if the main idea is taken away , the paragraph loses purpose and direction ; it is no longer a paragraph.

the main idea ,therefore, is the most important idea and it gives the paragraph purpose and direction.

every well-written paragraph has

purpose and direction. the purpose may be to inform , define ,explain ,give directions, narrate an event , persuade , compare, contrast , etc, its direction is usually single-minded . it seeks to focus on the main idea.

in this part we will discuss how and where to find the main idea and how the paragraph is structured it .our emphasis will be on reading for the main idea although concepts as " basic unit of meaning " and "the topic sentence" will also be explored.

了解的主要思路

也许是最好的方式来理解的主要思路是把它看作是中心思想，或最重要的想法，在一个段落。简单地说，如果没有在一个段落中的主要思想，也没有pargraph。例如，其核心是一个苹果最重要的部分，因为它是中心，围绕它的果实生长。一支蜡烛，提供了一个类似的例子。在它的中心是一根灯芯，舍此没有蜡烛，只是一次性蜡。 为一个段落，同样如此。在一个段落中的一句话表达的主要思想，其他的句子解释，devilop或支持它的主要思路是带走，段失去了目的和方向，它不再是一个段落。

因此，主要思想，是最重要的想法，它使本款的目的和方向。

每一个精心编写的段，有目的和方向。目的可能是告知，定义，解释，给予指示，叙述一个事件，劝说，比较，对比等，其方向是专一的。它旨在把重点放在主要的想法。

在这部分我们将讨论如何和在哪里可以找到的主要思路和段落结构如何，我们的重点将放在阅读的主要思路，尽管作为“基本单位的意义”和“主题句”的概念也将探讨

a paragraph represents a basic unit of meaning .a basic unit of meaning consists of one main idea expressed and developed by minor or small ideas or supporting details.

the main idea of a paragraph is usually stated in what is called a topic sentence. a topic sentence expresses a concept whose full meaning and

significance are developed and made clear by the supporting details .more often than not ,the topic sentence is the first sentence of a paragraph. it is followed by other sentences ,containing supporting details , which explain m develop , or support the amin idea expressed in teh topic sentence . the topic sentence usually comes first in the paragraph for obvious reasons . the following example explains why :

you have had a long and hard day at school . your first words as you open the door are :"i had a miserable day . " this statement can be considered a topic

sentence which expresses the main idea . you may then add supporting details which explain why your day was miserable . "by car wouldn't start this morning and i

arrived late for an important exam. i'm sure the nervous state i was in will affect my grade . to top it off , julie gave me the cold shoulder

一个段落代表的意义的基本单位。，一个意义的基本单位，包括一个主要的想法，表达和由未成年人或小的想法或配套细则开发。

什么是所谓的主题句通常表示一个段落的主要思想。主题句表达一个概念的内涵和意义的开发和配套细则明确，往往不是，主题句是一个段落的第一句。其次是其他的句子，包含配套细则，解释米开发，或支持主题句所表达的阿明的想法。主题句通常是先在显而易见的原因，段。下面的例子说明了为什么：

你有过一个漫长而艰难的的日子在学校。你开门你的第一句话是：“我有一个悲惨的的日子。”这一说法也算是一个主题句表达的主要思想。然后，您可以添加支持解释为什么你的一天是悲惨的细节。 “开车不会启动今天上午，我迟到了一个重要的考试，我敢肯定，我在紧张状态会影响我的品位。尤其是，朱莉给我的闭门羹

one of the tasks required of all readers is that of making judgments , and the ability to make a reasonable judgment is an essential skill.

what is a judgment? a

judgment is a reasonable or sound decision based on evidence. notice that we said "a reasonable decision we did not say the only decision different judgments can be made based on the same evidence. it is possible ,for two people to view the same cloudy sky on the same morning . one might judge that the day will be rainy and decide to take his umbrella with him to work .the other might judge that the clouds will pass and that the day will be sunny .he might leave the house with neither raincoat nor umbrella . only the future , the actual weather conditions of the day will reveal or show which decision was the better one . from the evidence, viewed by both men in the morning ,however, either judgment could be reasonable.

we use the example to show that there is an element of personal opinion involved in most judgments . even so , the judgment must still be based on reason and evidence.

as a reader you are often called upon to make judgments. when this happens , you must be certain that the decision you reach is a reasonable one and one that is supported by the evidence.

to help you improve your ability to make reasonable judgments ,we are going to explore the steps involved .you will have a chance to examine and learn more about the steps and put this knowledge to use .

before you can arrive at a judgment you must proceed through these three steps:

1. you must first understand the facts or evidence.

2. you must next evaluate them.

3. finally you can make your decision.

作出判断

所有的读者所需要的任务之一是，作出判断，并做出合理的判断能力是一项基本技能。 什么是判断

什么是判断？判断是合理或健全的基于证据的决定。通知我们说：“我们并没有说，基于同样的证据，唯一不同的判断决定，可以作出一个合理的决定，它是可能的，两个人来查看当天上午阴天，人们可能会判断这一天雨季和决定采取与他的伞工作。其他可能判断，云将通过这一天将是晴天，没有雨衣，也不伞他可能会离开房子，只有未来，实际的天气条件然而，一天会泄露或从男女双方在早上观看了证据，表明该决定是最好的一个。，要么判断是合理的。

我们用例子来说明在大多数判断所涉及的个人意见，有一个元素。即便如此，仍然必须根据该判决理由和证据。

作为读者，你经常被要求作出判断。当发生这种情况，你必须肯定，你所到达的决定是一个合理的证据支持。

帮助你提高你的能力做出合理的判断，我们将探讨涉及的步骤，你将有机会研究和学习有关的步骤，并提出这方面的知识，使用。

之前，你可以得出一个判断，你必须通过以下三个步骤进行：

1。你首先要了解的事实或证据。 2。接下来必须进行评估。 3。最后，你可以使你的决定。

how are judgments made

the normal, everyday activities of most people require judgments . driving an automobile, for example , involves making many judgments . a driver is constantly called upon to understand certain traffic conditions, evaluate the choices facing him ,and make correct decisions. judging if it is safe to pass another auto requires that the driver understand how to overtake and pass and that he evaluate the speed , road , and traffic circumstances or conditions before making his decision. a driver , seeing a child chase a ball into the street ,must decide to stop or to swerve to the side . either judgment may be reasonbale

depending on the driver's understanding of the situation and his evaluation of the circumstances.

the reader, like the driver ,must also make judgments . the judgments which the reader makes also depend on his understanding of the situation and evaluation of the circumstances.

let us see how these steps are applied in making a judgment , based on the information contained in the following paragraph.

pollution is a real concern of many people. they are alarmed by the poor quality of air and water and bothered by the people who pollute and don't care . concerned citizens are prepared to fight the battle against pollution with every ligal weapon they an use . a final solution will only come , however , when more citizens become concerned.

判决是如何作出的 正常，大多数人的日常活动需要的判断。驾驶汽车的，例如，涉及许多判断。驱动程序是不断呼吁，以了解一定的交通条件，评估选择，摆在他面前，并做出正确的决策。判断，如果它是安全的通过另一种自动的驱动程序，了解如何超越，并通过他的速度，道路和交通情况或条件，评估在决策之前。一名司机，看到一个孩子到街上追逐一个球，必须决定停止或突然转向侧面。任何判断可能是reasonbale根据驱动程序的情况，并了解他的情况的评价。

读者，如驱动程序，还必须作出判断。判断读者使得还取决于他了解的情况和评估的情况下。

让我们来看看如何应用这些步骤作出判断，在下面的段落所载资料的基础上。

污染是许多人的的真正关注。他们感到震惊的空气和水的质量低劣，污染和不关心的人打扰。有关公民准备打每ligal武器，他们的一个使用战斗防止污染。只会来最终解决，然而，当越来越多的公民成为关注。

the paragraph you just read

discusses pollution and the battle to control it . pollution is a real problem in this

country and in all countries where industry is widespread . but the paragraph also sounds a hopeful note . as a reader , if you understand the facts and evaluate them ,you can make the following judgment: if more citizens become concerned, pollution can be solved.

the judgment just made can be defended because the last line of the

paragraph expresses hope in the ability of a large number of citizens to sole the problem.

when reading the facts about pollution in the paragraph,the reader should understand or know from

experience that things happen when a large number of people combine and work together this is an understanding of the facts . the united in a battle against pollution can be solved

the judgment just made can be defended because the last line of the

paragraph expresses hope in the ability of a large number of citizens to solve the problem.

when reading the facts about pollution in the paragraph, the reader should

understand or know from experience that things happen when a large number of people combine and work together. this is an understanding of the facts. the reader can also evaluate the effect that could

result from a large number of people united in a battle against pollution. this is an evaluation. the decision that pollution can be controlled if enough people care is a sound judgment .

你刚才读的段落讨论了污染和控制它的战斗。污染是一个真正的问题在这个国家和所有国家在工业广泛。但该段还发出了一个充满希望的注意。作为读者，如果你了解的事实，并评估这些，你可以作出以下判断：如果更多的公民成为关注的，是可以解决的污染。

刚才所作的判决，可以辩护，因为该段的最后一行表示希望在大量的公民唯一的问题的能力。

阅读有关在该段的污染事实时，读者应该明白，或从经验中知道事情发生时，一个人的大量结合和共同努力，这是一个事实的认识。美国在防止污染的战斗就可以解决

刚才所作的判决，可以辩护，因为该段的最后一行，表示希望在一个公民的大量能力解决问题。

阅读有关在该段的污染事实时，读者应该明白，或从经验中知道事情发生时，一个人的大量结合和共同努力。这是一个事实的认识。读者还可以评估的影响，可能导致大量的人民团结战斗，在防止污染。这是一个评价。如果足够多的人的照顾是一个合理的判断，污染是可以控制的决定。

drawing a conclusion

how often have you seen someone raise his arms in discouragement and say ,

"decisions, decisions, decisions!" it is a rare day that a person can simply sit back, relax and leave all decision-making to someone else . sooner or later, everyone has problems which have to be solved. decisions must be made and the right

decision is made when the facts are known and understood and when time is taken to think carefully about them.

the same holds true when it comes to reading. a person must understand what the author is saying; he must think about what he has read and draw the conclusion supported by facts and intended by the author.

drawing a conclusion means arriving at the one decision justified by the stated evidence. a person can draw an accurate conclusion from a statement, a paragraph, or a longer piece of writing only if he is a careful and thoughtful reader.

read the following examples. in each

example a conclusion is drawn. before you read the comments following each

example , examine the facts carefully and decide if the conclusion is right or wrong.

得出结论

你有多少次看到有人在挫折中提高他的胳膊说，“决策，决定，决定！”它是一个难得的一天，一个人可以简单地坐下来，放松，并让所有决定别人。迟早，每个人都必须解决的问题。必须作出决定的作出正确的决定时认识和了解的事实是，当时间仔细思考。

当谈到阅读也同样如此。一个人必须了解作者说，他必须思考的问题他已经阅读并提请支持的事实和作者的意图的结论。

得出结论，就是在到达规定的证据证明一个决定。一个人，可以得出一个准确地从一个语句，段落，或一块较长的写作结论，只有当他是一个细心周到的的读者。

阅读下面的例子。在每个例子中得出一个结论。之前读的意见，下面的每一个例子，仔细研究有关事实，并决定，如果得出的结论是对还是错。

example1

it is a fact that monday always follows sunday. now , since today is

sunday,tomorrow must be monday. comment

the conclusion "....tomorrow must be monday,"is right. the stated facts are

accurate and the conclusion is the only one that can be drawn. example 2

whenever it rains, the ground gets wet .since the the ground is wet ,i can conclude that ist is raining. example 3

hark work is always rewarded, but bob has not received sufficient reward for his work .we can conclude that bob does not work hard enough. comment

the conclusion "...bob dies not work hard enough"is wrong. you have learned through personal experience that hard work is not always rewarded it is therefore wrong to conclude that bob does not work hard enough. there could be other reasons why bob has not been rewarded.

it is clear from what you have read so far that an accurate conclusion cannot be drawn unless all the facts are understood and carefully evaluated. 举例

它是一个事实周一总是如下星期日。现在，因为今天是星期天，必须明天是星期一。 评论

结论"....明天必须是星期一，“是正确的。所述的事实是准确的，可以得出的结论是唯一的一个。 示例2

每逢下雨，地面弄湿。以来，地面是湿的，我可以得出这样的结论IST下雨。 范例3

徐克的工作始终是奖励，但鲍勃对他的工作并没有收到足够的奖励，我们可以得出结论，Bob并不足够努力。 评论

的结论：“... ...鲍勃并不足够努力”是错误的。你已经学会通过个人的经验，因此，这是错误的结论，Bob并不足够努力，勤奋工作并不总是奖励。可能有其他原因为什么鲍勃并没有得到回报。

从您已经阅读到目前为止，除非所有的事实都理解和认真评估，不能得出一个准确的结论是明确的。

making an inference

efficient reading requires the use of many comprehension skills, one of which is making an inference. in making an

inference, the reader is required to reach a decision based on evidence he thinks to be true. one language authority defines

inference simply as a statement about the unknown made on the basis of the known. in our everyday lives we make many inferences. when we deal with people. watch television, or drive a car , we make inferences. the following everyday experiences will make this point clear. you wave good morning to an old friend , but she does not respond. you might infer that she is angry , upset , lost in thought , or does not see you .

perhaps you pass a man on the street who is wearing overalls covered with black stains. his calloused hands are also covered with grime or dirt. you might infer that he is a garage mechanic. while driving along the highway at night. you notice yellow light. you might infer that there has been an accident. also ,you might decide that you should slow down. 推论

高效的阅读需要使用许多理解能力，其中之一是一个推论。在推论中，读者需要达到的证据基础上作出决定，他认为是真实的。一种语言的权威定义推论只是作为一个未知的已知的基础上作出的声明。

在我们的日常生活中，我们许多的推论。当我们与人打交道。看电视，或开车，我们做出推论。以下的日常经验将使清楚这一点。

波老朋友早上好，但她没有回应。你可能推断出，她是生气，心烦意乱，陷入了沉思，或不看你。

也许你通过一个人在大街上穿的是黑渍覆盖工作服。他长满老茧的双手也布满污垢或灰尘。你可能推断出，他是一个车库修理工。而在夜间驾驶公路沿线。通知黄灯。你可能推断出，出现了意外。此外，您可能会决定，你应该慢下来

sometimes making inferences helps us solve common problems. for example , in the morning you might ask yourself,"how should i dress today?" through the window you notice icicles hanging from the edge of the roof, cloudy skies, and your neighbor across the street putting a snow shovel into his car , you might infer that it might snow and you should dress warmly.

in these situations and in many others like them, we make decisions based on what we think is true. without the ability to make inferences, a person is unresponsive to the subtleties of life . he cannot interpret or understand or see beyond them. the friend who did not wave , the man with the greasy ovberalls should make his mind think beyond the stated facts.

in a similar way , a reader who is

unresponsive to the subtle uses of language cannot fully understand or enjoy what he reads. he makes no distinction , for example, among the words "slim",

"delicate",skinny and emaciated . to him they all mean thin and nothing more.

the perceptive or sensitive reader, on the other hand ,understands that these words have different shades of meaning . slim means thin , but it is complimentary. delicate suggests weakness as in a small , delicate person. skinny means very thin but it is uncomplimentary. emaciated suggests thinness due to starvation or illness. 有时作出的推论，可以帮助我们解决共同问题。例如，在早上，你可能会问自己，“我应该如何打扮今天？”，通过这个窗口，您会注意到的冰柱从屋顶，阴天，和你的邻居整个街上把雪铲到他的车边挂，你可能会推断，它可能雪和你应该穿暖。 在这些情况下，在其他许多像他们一样的，我们做出的决定基于我们认为是真实的。没有能力做出推论，一个人生活的细微之处是反应迟钝。他不能解释或理解或超越他们。人不波的朋友，与油腻ovberalls的人应该让他心中想超越既定的事实。

以类似的方式，读者反应迟钝，语言的微妙使用不能完全理解或欣赏他读什么。他让“苗条”，“精致”，瘦，憔悴不堪的话，例如没有区别。到他，他们都意味着薄，仅此而已。

感知或敏感的读者，另一方面，明白，这些话有深浅不同的含义。苗条的手段薄，但它是免费的。微妙的暗示，在一个小的，细腻的人的弱点。瘦的手段非常薄，但它是uncomplimentary。瘦弱的建议薄因饥饿或疾病。

a good reader is sensitive to these

sometimes hidden meanings of words. he reads beyond the lines , seeing the ideas implied through such words. just as a pianist knows he cannot play beethoven's fifth symphony using only his right hand ,a skillful reader knows that he cannot read with complete comprehension unless his understanding goes beyond the obvious. making inferences challenges the mink to work on a high level. it forces the mind to bridge the gap between the obvious and the suggested,between the stated and unstated . such effort requires careful reading and thinking,but rewards the reader with better and more complete understanding. 一个好的读者是敏感的词语，有时是隐藏的含义。他读超出了线，看到通过这样的话所隐含的思想。只是作为一个钢琴家知道他不能播放贝多芬的第五交响曲，只用右手，一个熟练的读者都知道，他不能阅读完整的理解，除非他的理解超出了明显。

推论挑战貂一个高层次的工作。它迫使心灵的桥梁之间的差距明显和建议的说明和未说明，。这种努力需要认真阅读和思考，但回报读者更好和更全面的了解。

scanning

reading an article requires a lot of reading skills, one of which is scanning. what is scanning

scanning is a reading skill used when one wishes to find a single fact or a specific bit of information without reading everything. scanning is not new to you . you have used this reading skill many times in daily

activities such as looking for the time and channel of a television program in the newspaper listings and in television magazines, or in scanning pages in a telephone directory to find a friend's

address or telephone number. when trying to fink a name in a directory. the reader does not read every name and number on the page; it is not necessary. the reader simply looks quickly down the page until the name ,address , and the telephone number are found . scanning for

information in this way should be toth fast and accurate. how to scan

note the arrangement of the information, in scanning a telephone directory. for

example ,the reader knows the name of the person and that the directory is arranged alphabetically according to last names. thus in trying to find the number of joseph sanford the reader knows that it will be found alphabetically with names that begin with s. using the guide words at the top of the page. the reader can find the correct page quickly and begin immediately to scan the alphabetical arrangement of names. 扫描

看过一篇文章，需要大量的阅读技巧，其中之一是扫描。 什么是扫描

扫描是一种阅读技能，希望找到一个单一的事实或不读的一切信息的具体位时使用。扫描是不是新的给你。你已经使用这种阅读技能，多次在日常活动，如在报纸电视杂志，或在扫描页电话簿，找到一个朋友的地址或电话号码的清单和一个电视节目的时间和渠道。当试图芬克在一个目录名。读者不读每一个页面上的姓名和电话号码，这是没有必要的。读者只需看起来在页面很快被发现，直到名称，地址和电话号码。这样的信息扫描，应快速，准确的托特。 如何扫描

注意信息的安排，在扫描一个电话目录。例如，读者知道的人的名字，该目录是按照姓氏字母顺序排列。因此在试图找到约瑟夫桑福德读者知道，这将是发现与名称，开始第按字母顺序使用页面顶部的导语。读者可以迅速找到正确的页面，并立即开始扫描名称的字母顺序排列。

1. alphabetical arrangements. much of the source material that is scanned is arranged alphabetically. a dictionary, the index to a book , a zip code directory, and numerous guides and reference listings are arranged alphabetically for quick understanding and easy finding of information.

2. non-alphabetical arrangements not all material is arranged alphabetically.

television listing ,for example are listed by day and time, historical data and tables may be arranged by month and year. the sports pages of the newspaper list scores by category:baseball, football, tennis and son on,

whatever the source of reference,it is arranged in some logical way, in order to save reading time, it is important to know the arrangement of the material in the

source being used. to prepare for scanning , therefore readers should take a few minutes to discover the organization , readers can proceed immediately to find the section or page most likely containing the information desired speed

the purpose of scanning is to find

information quickly. thus ,a high rate of speed is essential once finding the suitable section of the material. the reader should try to scan as much of the printed matter as possible in the least amount of time . the object to search for specific words:the

reader should avoid distraction by words or ideas unrelated the purpose for scanning. accuracy

accuracy is just as essential as speed when scanning. since the reader is looking for specific information. it is important that it be accurate. the goal should be 100 percent accuracy. 1。按字母顺序安排。扫描材料的来源，是按字母顺序排列。一本字典，一书，邮编目录，以及众多的指南和参考目录索引按字母顺序排列的快速理解和容易找到的信息。

2。非字母的安排，并不是所有的材料是按字母顺序排列。电视上市，例如上市的日期和时间，历史数据和表格可安排年份和月份。报纸列表分数的体育网页类：棒球，足球，网球和儿子，

任何参考源，它是在一些合乎逻辑的方式安排，为了节省阅读时间，重要的是要知道所使用的源材料的安排。准备进行扫描，因此读者应该花几分钟的时间，以发现组织，读者可以立即着手，找到最有可能含有所需信息的部分或页面 速度

扫描的目的是快速查找信息。因此，高速率，一旦找到合适的材料部分至关重要。读者应该尝试扫描印刷品尽可能在最短的时间内内。对象来搜索特定的词：读者应避免分心扫描无关的目的的话或想法。精度

扫描时的准确性是一样的速度至关重要。因为读者是寻找特定信息。重要的是，它是准确的。目标应该是100％的准确率。

skimming

skimming is very fast reading . when you skim , you read to get the main idea and a few,but not all of the details. to skim rapidly,you must leave out parts of the article or the story.

skimming is a very useful skill. it will allow you to get information quickly form

anything you read . knowing how to skim will make you a better reader. it is important to note a basic difference

between skimming and average reading. in average reading the reader omits no part of the reading material. skimming however, requires that the reader selectively omit parts of the reading material for example the reader may not finish a paragraph after grasping the main idea. or the reader may omit entire paragraphs if it serves the reading purpose. in skimming , the reader omits portions of the material to increase reading speed. 略读

略读是阅读速度非常快。当你略读，你读的主要思路和几个，但不是所有的细节。脱脂迅速，你必须离开的文章或故事的部分。

略读是一个非常有用的技能。它将使你获得信息的迅速形成任何您阅读。知道如何脱脂，会让你一个更好的读者。重要的是要注意略读和平均读数之间的根本区别。平均阅读读者忽略了阅读材料的任何部分。略读然而，要求读者有选择性的阅读材料，例如省略部分读者可能无法完成一个段落后抓的主要思路。读者可以省略整个段落，如果它符合阅读的目的。在略读，读者省略部分材料，以提高阅读速度。

how to skim

what to read. the reader should read the first paragraph or two in its entirety at the fastest average rate to grasp the idea of the story. the setting ,a little of the author's style, the tone or mood and so on . frequently the author will give an

instruction in the first few paragraphs. giving an overall picture of the selection. what to leave out . once the reader has an overview of the selection. he or she should begin immediately to leave out portions of the text in order to achieve a skimming rate . hence on the third or fourth paragraph the reader reads only the key sentence to get the main idea of the paragraph and skips the other part of the paragraph

finding the main idea. in skimming the reader should attempt to get the main idea of every paragraph plus a few facts. note besides the first few paragraphs. it is wise to read the last few paragraphs. because they often summarize .

如何脱脂

读什么书。读者应该读的最快的平均增长率在第一款全部或两个把握故事的想法。设置了小作者的风格，音或情绪等。笔者经常会在最初的几个段落的指令。选择的大局。

什么离开了。一旦读者选择的概述。他或她应立即离开文本的部分，以实现略读率。因此在第三或第四段落读者仅读取关键句来获得该段的主要思想，并跳过该段的其他部分

发现的主要思路。在略读读者应该试图让每个段落的主要思想，再加上一些事实。注意：除了第一几段。它是明智的阅读最后几段。因为他们经常总结。

speed

it is difficult to say how fast a skimming speed should be , but a rule of thumb is that skimming speed should be twice as fast as the average reading speed.

skimming must be done "against the clock",that is when time is limited or when the material must be covered at the fastest rate . the reader must avoid reading the details in order to maintain the maximum skimming speed.

accuracy or comprehension

skimming differs from average reading in the accepted level of

comprehension. in average reading , the goal is to achieve the best possible comprehension level (usually 70 or 80 percent) while keeping an average reading speed , in skimming, a low comprehension level is expected. an average of 60 percent comprehension is acceptable.

速度

这是很难说略读速度应该有多快，但凭经验，略读速度应为平均读取速度快两倍。

必须做略读“分秒必争”，即时的时间是有限的材料时，必须在最快的速度覆盖。必须避免读者阅读的细节，以保持最大的略读速度。

准确性或理解

略读不同理解的接受水平的平均读数。平均读数，其目标是达到最佳的理解水平（通常是70或80％），同时保持一个平均的读取速度，预计在略读，理解水平低。平均60％的理解是可以接受的的。