中考阅读理解主要题型

中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确率高、阅读速度快。大致来说，主要针对如下方面：

1．文章的个别词或句子；2．文章的某细节或情节；3．文章的主题；4．文章的背景知识；5．文章的结论或结局；6．文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评估能力等。 具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：

（一）、直接理解性题目

这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。

（二）、语义理解性题目

题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。

（三）、逻辑推理性题目

这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。

（四）、归纳概括性题目

??? 要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

中考阅读题目的命制原则

1．考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就要求通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和情节，能回答短文后面所给的问题。

2．要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音”。 ?

3．要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。

4．要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也能结合自己应有的常识去理解。 中考英语阅读技巧

根据教育部制定的英语课程标准，初中毕业生应达到五级综合语言运用能力。阅读理解是综合语言运用能力的一个重要方面，在中考中所占比重越来越大，这是拉开档次的题目。 阅读理解五级的目标部分描述如下：

1、能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；

2、能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；

3、能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局；

4、能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料；

5、能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；

6、除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上(上海的要求更高一些，30万词以上)所谓

阅读能力是

指视读能力、理解能力和对所读材料的评价能力。

阅读理解考查的项目大多是根据这三种能力的要求设计的。为了提高阅读理解能力，同学们在做

阅读理解时，就要在以下几个方面下功夫：

(一)要注意养成良好的阅读心理阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。造成大脑皮层的优势兴奋中心。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。

(二)要提高视读的速度考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。20xx年上海英语中考阅读理解文章每篇均达到400词左右。慢读是不行的。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。阅读时眼球总是不断地移动——停顿——移动着。理解是在“眼停”的瞬间进行的。我们要使眼停的时间相对增加，就要扩大视读的广度，把逐词逐句的点式阅读变成一次扫描一句的线式阅读，并且把看到的东西迅速报告给大脑，形成眼脑较快的直映能力。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。

(三)阅读时要注意培养语感所谓语感是指人们对语言中词语搭配及句型结构的熟练程度。语感好的人，理解力就强，视读的速度就快。阅读时要留心词语的搭配，即惯用法。必要时可用笔划一划或记下来。读完每一篇文章，都应总结归纳一下，积累了多少单词，惯用法和句型，这样语感自然就会好起来。

(四)读完一篇文章后，要回味一番对文章的段落结构，中心思想，人物事件，论点论据要做到心中有数。对不清楚的地方可以再看几次。要留心关键词句，注意弦外之音。对文章的评价分析，一定要坚持“词不离句，句不离篇”，要理解文章作者的原意，而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记：一想当然，就会出错。

如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的人物，事件，时间，地点，原因(即五个W，who，what，when，where，why)划出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。

做中考阅读理解题应注意的问题

1．忌不带问题。做阅读理解题时，应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。

2．忌草率行事。在设计理解题时，设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。处理的方法是：对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，在理解理解阅读材料内容的基础上进行去伪存真，方可选出正确答案。

3．忌主观印象。少数阅读不明确题只需根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数则不然，考生必须按照原文来选定答案。因此，考生在做后一种测试题时，一定要排除自身的生活经验、

经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。

4．忌囫囵定案。所谓囫囵定案是指考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案，结果往往选错答案。因此，尚未读懂的地方如果时间允许的话，一定要慢速多读几遍，直到读懂时再定答案。

5．忌忽略时间。做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把全部题做完后，再回头来处理。因为做完题后，你的心情相对放松了往往会产生新的思路、新的灵感。即使做完题后时间所剩无几了，你再把未处理的题猜测一下也不晚，因为你仍然有选对的可能性。总而言之，阅读理解靠的是扎实的语言基础。

俗话说：冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练和长期的知识积累。只要平时刻苦用功，打下扎实的英语知识基础，又掌握了较科学的解题方法做“阅读理解”题是不会太难的。

我们学习英语不只是和别人交流，更重要的是，要通过阅读报刊书籍，研读名著，了解风土人情，生活习惯，科学技术的发展与进步等等。读文章必须理解，怎样才能验证初学者是否掌握了所阅读的文章呢？一般有回答根据短文内容所提的问题，有给出题干，留一个空，再给几个答案，让答题的人根据短文内容来确定正确的答案；也有在题干上留一个空，由答题人直接填写所缺的单词（有些难度比较大的题，则将要填写的词的首字母给出）。无论是哪一种题型，要想解这一类题，必须建立在理解文章内容的基础上，否则就是一句空话。

第二篇：20xx年中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解归纳概括性题目解题方法及练习

2013中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解归纳概括性题目解题方法及练习

归纳概括性题目要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。

归纳概括性阅读理解题常见的题干:

1. The passage mainly shows us __________.

2. The passage is mainly about ____________.

3. The best title of the story is _____________.

4. The main idea of the passage is that __________.

5. The story tell us “__________ ”

6. The writer is mainly talking about ___________.

7.Which of the following is the best title?

8. From the text we can conclude( 得出结论) that________.

Passage 1

Henry was an office worker in a big city. He worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays.

He usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at West Hill Farm. Good food. Fresh air. Horse riding. Walking. Fishing. Cheap and interesting.”

“This sounds a good idea,” he thought. “I’ll spend a month at West Hill Farm. I think I can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They’ll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”

He wrote to the farmer. In the letter he said that he would like to spend all of July there. Then on the first of July, he left for West Hill Farm.

But four days later, he returned home.

“What was wrong with West Hill Farm?” his best friend, Ed, asked him. “Didn’t you enjoy country life?”

“Country life was very good,” Henry said. “But there was another problem.”

“Oh. What?”

“Well,” he said, “the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.” “What's wrong with that?” Ed asked. “Fresh meat is the best.”

“I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”

“Lucky you!”

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“You don't understand,” Henry said. “On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”

“A different meat every day,” Ed said loudly, “ and you are complaining!”

“Let me finish,” Henry said. “On the fourth day the farmer died, and I didn't dare (敢)stay for dinner!”

1.Which is the best title for the passage?

A. What a beautiful farm! B. Have a good time. C.A short holiday D. Henry and the farmer.

【答案与解析】假日里，亨利喜欢到海边去旅游。有一次，他想去西山农场享受一下田园风光，并计划在那儿度过一个月的时间。可是令人惊奇的是，才去四天之后他就回来了。当朋友问起其中的缘由时，亨利说道：第一天，农场里死了一只羊，晚餐时美美地吃了一顿烤羊肉；第二天农场死了一头牛，又吃了一顿烧牛肉；第三天农场死了一头猪，结果又吃了一顿烤猪肉。可是，到了第四天，农场主死了，我不敢再留下来吃饭了。

1. C。本来打算要在乡村农场过一个暑假，结果四天之后就回来了。这能不是个短暂的假期吗？用此作标题既切合题意，又具有幽默的味道。

Passage 2

It seems to be strange to you there is a blind spot (盲点)on the eyes. Here is an interesting experiment (实验) that can make something disappear, when one eye is open.

Make a card about the size of a postcard and write two English letters L and R on it, L on the left and R on the right. First, hold the card about 80 cm away and you see both the letters. Then close your right eye and look at the letter R only with your left eye. And now, as you move the card slowly towards you, you’ll find the letter L disappearing. But if you move the card nearer to your face, the letter will be seen again. Now do the same experiment with your left eye closed, you’ll find the letter R disappearing.

Why does the letter disappear? It is because there is a blind spot on the eye. When the image (影像) of the letter falls on the blind spot, it won’t be seen. That is why either of the letters disappears.

5. The passage mainly (主要) tells us _______.

A. how to find the blind spot B. an interesting experiment

C. where the blind spot is D. there is blind spot on the eye

Passage 2 【答案与解析】这篇科普说明文通过一个简易的小实验，证实了人的眼睛里有一个盲点。当外界物体的影像落在盲点上时，人就看不见该物体了。

5.D。通篇考虑短文，可知D为最佳答案。这由文首一句及“…It is because there is a blind spot on the eye.”也可得出。

归纳概括性题目一般都是阅读理解的最后那道题，一般只要能看懂文章的主要意思就能判断出来，每次考试中都会有一到三道这样的题目，下面给大家提供两个练习，希望你做过之后能够掌握方法，每次考试都能将这类题目的分得到。

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I have loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of wring must be the most wonderful thing in the world

Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk,” she’d said again, “ is for Elizabeth.”

I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.

They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional.” But she lived “ on the surface”.

As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.

I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.

My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace, it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.

Now the present of her desk told me, as she had never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside— a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.

Give me an answer, my letter asks, in any way you choose. Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.

( C ) What ’s the best title of the passage?

A. My letter to mother

B. Mother and Children

C. My mother’s desk

D. Talks between Mother and me Passage 2

In 1998, World Cup Football Match held in France took up a new rule. Instead of the usual black and white ball, a colorful ball was used in the game. The new ball was made up of 32 pieces of three colors: red, blue and white. Interestingly enough, the French national flag happened to be in three colors, too. Besides, 32 teams took part in the coming World Cup. But early football was made up of eight pieces of leather. As time went by, more pieces of leather were used, from 12 pieces to 18 to 26 and then to 32 now.

About three million such new footballs were made. And then some players were playing the new ball in their training. The makers have warned the goalkeeper that the new ball flies in a direct line at a fast speed.

After trying the ball for some time, a footballer said that the ball was quite different from the traditional (传统的) black and white one, and that the goalkeeper would find it harder to catch them. 第 - 3 - 页 共 4 页

Another footballer said that there would be more goals. “For the player on the ground, the new ball is easier to control as it flies. A good player can shoot in more goals,” he said.

1.What’s the best title for this passage?

A. Football of New Kind B. 98 World Cup Football Match

C. Goalkeepers and Players D. Three-color Flag of France

【答案与解析】这篇短文的大意是：19xx年在法国举行的世界杯足球赛实行了新的规则。比赛中使用红、白、黄三色相间的球。这种球由32块皮革缝制而成，十分凑巧的是，当时正好有32支球队参赛。足球制造商在此之前提醒守门员，说这种球沿直线飞行，速度极快。试用一段时间之后，球员发现这种球与传统的黑白相间的二色球有很大不同。这种球更容易控制，但守门员很难抓到，在一场球赛中有可能进更多的球。

1.A。全文围绕这种由32块皮制成的红、白、蓝相间的新式足球作了详细的介绍，故答案非A莫属。

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