（1）alliteration（押头韵）：一组单词的第一个辅音相同，比如例句中四个以l开头的单词。

▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.

（2）anacoluthon（错格）：句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构，比如例句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。

▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?

（3）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍，比如例句中的servants。

▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.

（4）anaphora（首语重复）：将一个句子的开头单词或短语，在随后的句子中重复多遍，比如例句中的we shall fight。▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills.

（5）anastrophe（词序倒装）: 改变正常词序，比如例句中最后一部分，正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.

（6）antistrophe（逆反复）：在每个句子的结尾，重复相同的单词或短语，比如例句中的without warning。▲ In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia, without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria, without warning.

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英语修辞手法总结

Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.

1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.

2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.

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1.Simile明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

例如:

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

3.Metonymy借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

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英语修辞

Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.

1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country. 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

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Lesson one

1 We can batten down and ride it out.—metaphor

2. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)

3 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence (省略句)

4. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)

5. But the cars wouldn’t start; the electrical systems had been killed by water. personification(拟人)

6. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile

7. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)

8 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile

9 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet

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英语修辞手法

英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下:

　　1.Simile 明喻

　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

　　标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

　　例如:

　　1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

　　2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

　　3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

　　2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

　　隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

　　例如:

　　1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

　　2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

　　3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

　　借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

　　I.以容器代替内容,例如:

　　1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

　　2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

　　II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

　　Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

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Figures of Speech

一、明喻（simile）

明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等，例如：

This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.

2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit.

3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something.

二、隐喻（metaphor）

隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。

German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...

2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store

三、拟人（personification）

拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。

1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.(From“ Watching Ants”)

这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。

2、My only worry was that January would find me hunting for a job again.

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