初三英语知识点总结与解析
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以语法为例(1)、被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者。(2)、被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词。(如果是不用物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)。(3)、被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。一般现在时被动语态为：am/is/are+过去分词。一般过去时被动语态为：was/were+ 过去分词。与情态动词连用的被动语态：情态动词+ be + 过去分词。(4)、被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思。如何理解被动语态?为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较。主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分。被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分。如： Many people speak English。被动语态 English is spoken by many people。2、本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus。3、invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词。4、be used for doing用来做?(是被动语态) 如：Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。5、给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。6、all day 整天。7、salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐。8、by mistake 错误地 如：I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。9、 make sb./sth. +形容词 使?怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴make sb./sth. +名词 让?做? It made me laugh. 它让我发笑。10、by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop。我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. not?until? 直到?才做? 如：I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to +名词 根据? 如： according to an legend。according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话。
13、over an open fire 野饮。14、leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves。15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river。16、fall into 落入 掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike.。她从她自行
车摔倒了。17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面。如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面。如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩。注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如：I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴。18. in the way 这样19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快pleasa ，ant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快。please v. 使高兴 使同意。20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词。21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪。22. travel around 周游。23. more than === over 超过 如： more than 300 == over 300 超过300。24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用。如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态。现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词。26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生。27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的。
28. knock into 撞上(某人)。29. divide sth. into ? 将?划分成..通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如：Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。
上面是郑州捷登教育1对1英语辅导老师对语法做的一些知识点总结和解析，更多初三英语知识点总结和解析尽在捷登教育1对1个性化辅导中心，欢迎大家拨打电话0371-55903851进行免费试听！
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第二篇：初二英语下知识点总结与练习
IV. 重要语法
1. 不定代词/副词的运用；
2. 反身代词的用法；
3. 并列句；
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；
5. 冠词的用法；
6. 动词的过去进行时；
【名师讲解】
1. bring/take
Bring表示“带来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则表示“拿去、带走”，它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如：
Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。
Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如：
Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。
Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见。
There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 谁也没告诉我你病了。所以我不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear
这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于：
(1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如：
Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？
(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和结果。如：
We hear with our ears.我们用耳朵听。
She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，但是什么也没有听见。
4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：
He has many books.他有许多书。
He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示"有一点儿"，侧重于肯定，相当于"some"，但a few修
饰可数名词，a little修饰不可数名词，例如：
He has a few friends in London.他在伦敦有一些朋友。
Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝点咖啡好吗？好的，只要一点。
(3)few和little表示"几乎没有"，侧重否定。few后接可数名词，little后接不可数名词。例如：
He is a strange man. He has few words.他是个怪人，他几乎不说什么话。
Hurry up, there is little time left.赶快，没什么时间了。
5. either/ neither/ both
either可作形容词，一般指"两者中的任何一个"。有时也可表示"两个都……"的意思，后跟名词的单数形式；neither: 指两者中没有一个，全否定；both: 指两者都，肯定。句中可作主语、宾语和定语，both后面应跟名词的复数形式。如：
Neither of the films is good.两部电影都不好。（没有一部是好的）
Either of the films is good. 两部电影都不错。（谓语动词用单数）
Both the teachers often answer the questions.这两个老师都常常解答问题。
6. take part in/join
take part in参加某种活动; join参加，加入某一政党或组织。例如：
Can you take part in my party.你能来参加我的派对吗？
We often take part in many school activities.我们经常参加学校里的一些活动。
He joined the party in 1963. 他19xx年入的党。
My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年参的军。
7. quite/ rather/ very
(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相当”。如：
She is quite right.她对极了。
That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。
(2)rather 表示程度上的“相当”，比预想地程度要大，通常用在不喜欢的情况下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天气相当冷。
(3)very表示程度“很，甚，极其，非常”，用于修饰形容词或副词，既可用在喜欢的情况下，也可用于不喜欢的情况下。应注意“a very +形容词+可数名词的单数”结构中，"a"应置于"very"之前，该结构相当“quite a/an +形容词+名词”的结构。如：
Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 两个月是一段很长的时间。
It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天气很好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 不定代词/副词的运用；
2. 反身代词的用法；
3. 并列句；
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；
5. 冠词的用法；
6. 动词的过去进行时；
7. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
8. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (20xx年江西省中考试题)
---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
---Oh, I am sorry I ___________ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
【解析】答案：C。该提考查的是动词的时态。表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作应用过去进行时。
2. (20xx年北京市中考试题)
---Which is _________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
【解析】答案：D。该提考查的是形容词的比较等级。三者进行比较，其中最小的应用最高级，而形容词最高级之前必须加顶冠词the。
3. (20xx年河北省中考试题)
Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。空白处所缺的词是修饰动词短语does his homework的，应该用副词。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人细心”应用“not as carefully as”这样的结构。
4. (20xx年吉林省中考试题)
---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
【解析】答案：B。该提考查的是连接并列句的并列连词的选择。And通常连接两个意思一致的并列句，so连接两个有因果关系的并列句，but连接两个有转折关系的并列句，or相当于if not意思是“否则”。
【满分演练】
一. 单项选择
1. Who jumps ________ in your class?
A. far B. farther C. farthest D. longer
2. ---I made the cake by ________. Help __________, Tom.
---Thanks, Jane.
A. ourselves; yourself B. myself; yourself
C. myself; yourselves D. ourselves; yourselves
3. There ________ a football game on TV this afternoon.
A. is going to have B. will be
C. is going to play D. will play
4. Wu Dong was _______ tired that he couldn't keep his eyes_________.
A. too, open B. so, closed C. too, closed D. so, open
5. Can you hear __________?
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. somebody
6. The students stop __________ when the teacher came in.
A. to talk B. talking C. talked D. talk
7. I told him ________ story.
A. the whole B. the all C. whole the D. all
8. Please _________ early tomorrow, mum.
A. wake up me B. wakes me up
C. wake me up D. will wake me up
9. He will go to the Great Wall if it __________ tomorrow.
A. won't rain B. doesn't rain C. don't rain D. isn't raining
10. Can you tell us _________?
A. where have you gone B. where you have gone
C. where have you been D. where you have been
11. Li Lei, sit down, please. I'll ________ you some tea.
A. take B. to bring C. get D. give
12. Don't forget to _________ your dictionary here tomorrow.
A. take B. bring C. carry D. borrow
13. He couldn't wash ________ when he was five years old.
A. his B. him C. himself D. herself
14. Why did you leave your daughter at home all by ________.
A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. myself
15. I bought my son a bike, _________ he like it a lot.
A. and B. but C. or D. at
16. _______ , Li Lei was far behind the others at first.
A. At the 800-metre race B. In the 800-metres race
C. In the 800-metre rece D. At the 800-metres race
17. My parents are teachers. They _________ teach English.
A. Both B. all C. both D. are
18. Kate is an __________ girl.
A. eight-year-old B. eight-years-old
C. six-year-old D. six-years-old
19. Who jumped _________ of all in the long jump?
A. longest B. longer C. farther D. farthest
20. The runner fell, but he quickly got up and _______.
A. went on running B. went on to run
C. went on run D. went on ran
一. 1. C 2 B 3 B 4 D 5 B 6.B 7 A 8.C 9.B 10.D 11.C 12 B 13.C 14.C 15.A 16. C 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A