20##年中考第二轮复习语法状语从句知识点总结
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体。从句则是主句的一个句子成分。我们常见的从句有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等。在初中阶段，我们主要掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句。现在讲述状语从句。
用作状语的从句叫作状语从句。引导状语从句的关联词常是一些从属连词，也可以是词组。状语从句位于句首时通常用逗号把其与主句分开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号。
状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等。
1. 时间状语从句
常用的关联词有when, while, as, since, after, before, as soon as, till/ until等。
1) When I was five years old, I could speak a little English.
我五岁时能说一点英语。
(注意：when还可以表示“正在那个时候”，相当于and then或at that moment，此时从句通常放在主语后。I was reading when the light went out. )
2) He rushed out while it was raining.(注意：while还可以用作并列连词，表达转折、对比的意思。
I am good at English while Mary does well in math. )
特别注意：
1)主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
I won’t go out until my mother returns.
2) 句型“It is … since …”表示“自从……以来多长时间了”。
It is five years since I graduated.
辨析：as, when, while
as多用于口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”，有时还有“伴随着”的含义。when则强调“特定时间”。as 和 when只有在都指特定时间时才可互换。
while也强调同一时间，但其表示的时间不是一点，而是一段，所以它引导的从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词。
As he was going out, it began to rain.
When he returned home, he found his dog dead.
While (When/ as) I was washing, a stranger came in.
2. 地点状语从句
常用的关联词有where, wherever等。Wherever的意思相当于no matter where，表示“无论何处”。
1) Where there is a will, there is a way.
2) Wherever I am, I will not forget you.
3．原因状语从句
其表示原因或理由，所用的关联词主要有：because, since, as。
because和so不能连用。
辨析：because, since, as
because通常用以回答以why引导的疑问句，表示直接原因，已知或未知的事实。除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。
—Why did you ask for leave?
—Because I was ill.
since通常表示对方已经知道的事实，相当于“既然”。since引导的原因状语从句一般放在句首。
Since you have known about it, let’s have a talk. 既然你已知道了情况，咱们谈谈吧。
as语气较弱，较口语化，表示比较明显的原因或是已知的事实。as引导的原因状语从句一般放在句首。
As he has invited me, I will come.
4. 条件状语从句
表示条件的状语从句一般由if, unless等引导。如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
含有if引导的条件状语的复合句可以转化为：祈使句+and/ or结构。
If you work hard, you’ll succeed. = Work hard, and you’ll succeed.
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. = Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
unless意为“除非”，相当于“if…not…”。
The game will go on unless it rains. =The game will go on if it doesn’t rain.
5. 目的状语从句
表示目的，常用so that, in order that等引导，从句中常有may, might, can, could, will, would等词出现。
Jim ran very quickly so that / in order that he could catch up with the first bus.
拓展：
与so that和in order that相应的不定式结构是so as to和in order to, 因此由so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句有时可以转化为简单句。如上面的句子可以改为：
Jim ran very quickly so as to / in order to catch up with the first bus.
6. 结果状语从句
表示结果，常由so, so…that, such…that等引导。
Eric was so good at math that he got the first place in the math contest.
辨析：such…that, so…that
such修饰名词，so修饰形容词或副词。
He is such a kind person that all of us like him.
He is so kind that all of us like him.
注意：当名词前有many, few, much, little等词时，要用so，不能用such。
Mike had so little money that he was unable to buy a mobile phone.
7. 让步状语从句
表示“虽然“、”尽管“、”即使“等概念，常由even though, even if, although, though等来引导。although和though这两个词在一般情况下可以互换，只是although较为正式；二者都可与yet, still等连用，但不能与but连用。
Although / Though he is famous, (yet) he is not happy.
8. 方式状语从句
表示动作的方式，初中阶段学过的关联词是as, 表示“像…… ”。方式状语从句多位于主句之后。
Think as I think.
9. 比较状语从句
常由as/so…as, than等引导，句中常有一些成分省略。
Tom doesn’t study so/as hard as Bob (does).
This story is more exciting than that one (is).
单项选择
1. (2009·无锡) —Did you give Dick call?
—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him soon.
A. when B. though C. until D. because
2. (2009·孝感) ____ Switzerland is very small ____ it is because of watch and it is very rich.
A. Though; but B. Because; so C. Because; / D. Though; /
3. (2009·黄冈) —Where was your brother at this time last night?
—He was writing an e-mail ____ I was watching TV at home.
A. as soon as B. after C. until D. while
答案
1. D 2. D 3. D
第二篇：20xx年中考第二轮复习 语法 宾语从句知识点总结
20xx年中考第二轮复习 语法 宾语从句知识点总结
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。对于宾语从句的复习，应该注意四个方面：连接词、语序和时态及与简单句的转化。
一、引导词
当宾语从句具有陈述意义时，用that引导。that在句子中只起引导作用，无意义，在口语中常可省略。
She said (that) she would leave a note on the desk. 她说她会在桌子上留个便条。
当宾语从句具有疑问意义时，可用if/ whether 引导，表示选择，意为“是否”，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略。或者用连接代词what, who, which或连接副词when, where, how, why等引导，在从句中作成分，不可省略。
He wants to know if / whether you are a doctor. 他想知道你是不是医生。
Do you know when he bought this pencil box? 你知道他什么时候买的这个文具盒吗？ 辨析：if 和whether
一般情况下在宾语从句中可以互换，但在以下情况中，只使用whether。
1. 从句在介词后作宾语时
Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。
2. 与or not直接连用时
I am not sure whether or not he will come back home. 我不确定他是否会回家。
3. 宾语从句位于句首时
Whether he will come, we all don’t know. 他是否会来，我们都不知道。
if引导的宾语从句与状语从句的区别
在引导宾语从句时，if意为“是否”；在引导状语从句时，if意为“如果”。引导不同的从句，要与本从句的时态呼应。
I don’t know if he will come. If he comes, let me know.
我不知道他是否回来。如果他来，让我知道。
二、语序
宾语从句要用陈述语序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他。
当宾语从句表示否定意义时，且主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/ believe/ suppose/ guess等时，一般将否定词not转移到主句的谓语中，这种现象叫“否定的前移”。但翻译时，仍否定从句。并且变反意疑问句时，反意部分时态和人称与从句的时态和人称一致。 I don’t believe he can work out the math problem. 我认为他做不出那道数学题。
I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吧？
三、时态
宾语从句的时态一般受主句时态的影响。当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可
以根据具体情况用适当的时态。
I want to know how he came yesterday.我想知道昨天他是怎样来的。
当主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。
She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon. 她问是否他很快离开去北京。
但当从句表示的是名言、客观真理或自然现象等时，一般不受主句时态的限制，均用一般现在时。
Lucy told her son that leaves turn yellow in autumn. 露西告诉儿子秋天树叶变黄。
四、宾语从句与简单句的相互转化
宾语从句在一定的条件下，可以转化为简单句。
1. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，主句主语与从句主语一致时，可以变为“疑问词+不定式”的复合结构。
I don’t know how I should do it next.→ I don’t know how to do it next.
我不知道下一步我应当怎么做。
2. 当主句谓语动词是see, hear, watch, find等词时，其后that从句常简化为“宾语+动词原形/ 动词的-ing形式”。
I saw some boys were playing basketball on the playground just now. → I saw some boys playing basketball on the playground just now. 我刚才看到一些男孩正在操场上打篮球。
3. 当主句谓语动词是hope, agree, wish等时，主句主语或宾语与从句主语一致时，后以that引导的宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
He agreed that he could help me with my English. → He agreed to help me with my English. 他答应帮我学习英语。
1. (20xx·北京) —Can you tell me ____?
—She is in the computer lab.
A. where Linda was B. where is Linda
C. where was Linda D. where Linda is
2. (20xx·兰州) She asked me, “Will you go to the cinema tomorrow?”(改为含宾语从句的复合句)
She asked me ____ I ____ go to the cinema the next day.
3. (20xx·南昌) —Do you know ____ the Smiths left Shanghai?
—I’m not sure. I only remember it was a Sunday.
A. if B. when C. how D. why
答案
1. D 2. if/whether; would 3. A