ABAQUS单元小结

ABAQUS单元小结

1、 单元表征

单元族：单元名字里开始的字母标志着这种单元属于哪一个单元族。

C3D8I是实体单元；

S4R是壳单元；

CINPE4是无限元；

梁单元；

刚体单元；

膜单元；

特殊目的单元，例如弹簧，粘壶和质量；

桁架单元。

自由度dof（和单元族直接相关）：每一节点处的平动和转动

1 1方向的平动

2 2方向的平动

3 3方向的平动

4 绕1轴的转动

5 绕2轴的转动

6 绕3轴的转动

7 开口截面梁单元的翘曲

8 声压或孔隙压力

9 电势

11 度（或物质扩散分析中归一化浓度）

12＋梁和壳厚度上其它点的温度

轴对称单元

1 r方向的平动

2 z方向的平动

6 r-z方向的转动

节点数：决定单元插值的阶数

数学描述：定义单元行为的数学理论

积分：应用数值方法在每一单元的体积上对不同的变量进行积分。大部分单元采用高斯积分方法计算单元内每一高斯点处的材料响应。单元末尾用字母“R”识别减缩积分单元，否则是全积分单元。

ABAQUS拥有广泛适用于结构应用的庞大单元库。单元类型的选择对模拟计算的精度和效率有重大的影响； 节点的有效自由度依赖于此节点所在的单元类型；

单元的名字完整地标明了单元族、单元的数学描述、节点数及积分类型；

所用的单元都必须指定单元性质选项。单元性质选项不仅用来提供定义单元几何形状的附加数据，而且用来识别相关的材料性质定义；

对于实体单元，ABAQUS参考整体笛卡尔坐标系来定义单元的输出变量，如应力和应变。可以用*ORIENTATION选项将整体坐标系改为局部坐标系；

对于三维壳单元，ABAQUS参考建立在壳表面上的一个坐标系来定义单元的输出变量。可以用*ORIENTATION选项更改这个参考坐标系。

2．实体单元(C)

实体单元可在其任何表面与其他单元连接起来。

C3D:三维单元

CAX:无扭曲轴对称单元，模拟3600的环，用于分析受轴对称载荷作用，具有轴对称几何形状的结构； CPE:平面应变单元，假定离面应变ε33为零，用力模拟厚结构；

CPS:平面应力单元，假定离面应力σ33为零，用力模拟薄结构；

广义平面应变单元包括附加的推广：离面应变可以随着模型平面内的位置线性变化。这种数学描述特别适合于厚截面的热应力分析。

可以扭曲的轴对称单元：用来模拟初始时为轴对称的几何形状，且能沿对称轴发生扭曲。这些单元对于模拟圆柱形结构，例如轴对称橡胶套管的扭转很有用。

反对称单元的轴对称单元：用来模拟初始为轴对称几何形状的反对称变形。适合于模拟像承受剪切载荷作用的轴对称橡胶支座一类的问题。

如果不需要模拟非常大的应变或进行一个复杂的，改变接触条件的问题，则应采用二次减缩积分单元（CAX8R,CPE8R,CPS8R,C3D20R）

如果存在应力集中，则应在局部采用二次完全积分单元（CAX8,CPE8,CPS8,C3D20等）。

对含有非常大的网格扭曲模拟（大应变分析），采用细网格划分的线性减缩积分单元

（CAX4R,CPE4R,CPS4R,C3D8R等）

对接触问题采用线性减缩积分单元或非协调元（CAX4I,CPE4I,CPS4I,

C3D8I）的细网格划分。

如果在模型中采用非协调元应使网格扭曲减至最小。

三维情况应尽可能采用块状单元（六面体）。当几何形状复杂时，完全采用块体单元构造网格会很困难，因此可能有必要采用稧形和四面体单元，但尽量少用，并远离需要精确求解的区域。

一些前处理程序包括网格划分方法，它们可用四面体单元构造任意形状的网格。只要采用二次四面体单元（C3D10），其结果对小位移问题应该是合理的。

小结：

在实体单元中所用的数学公式和积分阶数对分析的精度和花费有显著的影响；

使用完全积分单元，尤其是一阶（线性）单元，容易形成自锁现象，正常情况不用；

一阶减缩积分单元容易出现沙漏现象；充分的单元细化可减小这种问题；

在分析中如有弯曲位移，且采用一阶减缩积分单元时，应在厚度方向至少用4个单元；

沙漏现象在二阶减缩积分单元中较少见，一般问题应考虑应用这些单元；

非协调单元的精度依赖于单元扭曲的量值；

结果的数值精度依赖于所用的网格，应进行网格细化研究以确保该网格对问题提供了唯一的解答。但是应记住使用一个收敛网格不能保证计算结果与问题的实际行为相匹配：它还依赖于模型其他方面的近似化和理想化程度；

通常只在想要得到精确结果的区域细划网格；

ABAQUS具有一些先进特点如子模型，它可以帮助对复杂模拟得到有用的结果。

3．壳单元(S)

可以模拟有一维尺寸（厚度）远小于另外两维尺寸，且垂直于厚度方向的应力可以忽略的结构。

一般壳单元：S4R,S3R,SAX1,SAX2,SAX2T。对于薄壳和厚壳问题的应用均有效，且考虑了有限薄膜应变； 薄壳单元：STRI3,STRI35,STRI65,S4R5,S8R5,S9R5,SAXA。强化了基尔霍夫条件，即：垂直于壳中截面的平面保持垂直于中截面；

厚壳单元：S8R,S8RT。二阶四边形单元，在小应变和载荷使计算结果沿壳的跨度方向上平缓变化的情况下，比普通单元产生的结果更精确；

对于给定的应用，判断是属于薄壳还是厚壳问题，一般：如果单一材料制造的各向同性壳体的厚度和跨度之比在1/20－1/10之间，认为是厚壳问题；如果比值小于1/30，则认为是薄壳问题；若介于1/30－1/20之间，则不能明确划分。由于横向剪切柔度在复合材料层合壳结构中作用显著，故比值（厚跨比）将远小于“薄”壳理论中采用的比值。具有高柔韧中间层的复合材料（“三明治”复合材料）有很低的横向剪切刚度并且几乎总是被用来模拟“厚”壳；

横向剪切力和剪切应变存在于普通壳单元和厚壳单元中。对于三维单元，提供了可估计的横向剪切应力。计算这些应力时忽略了弯曲和扭转变形的耦合作用，并假定材料性质和弯曲力矩的空间梯度很小；

壳单元可以使用每个单元的局部材料方向，各项异型材料的数据，如纤维增强复合材料，以及单元输出变量，如应力和应变，都按局部材料方向而定义。在大位移分析中，壳单元上的局部材料轴随着材料各积分点上的平均运动而转动；

线性、有限薄膜应变、四边形壳单元（S4R）是较完备的而且适合于普通范围的应用；

线性、有限薄膜应变、三角形壳单元（S3R）可作为通用的壳单元来应用。由于在单元内部近似为应变场，精细的网格划分可用于求解弯曲变形和高应变梯度；

考虑到在复合材料层合壳模型中剪切柔度的影响，将采用“厚”壳单元（S4R,S3R,S8R）

四边形或三角形的二次壳单元，用于一般的小变形薄壳是很有效的。它们对剪力自锁和薄膜锁死是不敏感的； 在接触模拟中不用选用二阶三角形壳单元（STRI65），要采用9节点的四边形壳单元（S9R5）;

对于仅经历几何线性行为的非常大的模型，线性、薄壳单元（S4R5）一般将比通用壳单元花费更少； 小结：

壳单元的横截面特性可以由沿厚度方向的数值积分确定（*SHELL SECTION），或在分析开始时应用计算的横截面刚度（*SHELL GENERAL SECTION）；

*SHELL GENERAL SECTION是非常有效的，但仅用于线性材料，*SHELL SECTION可用于线性和非线性材料；

数值积分在沿壳厚度方向的一系列积分点上进行。这些积分点就是单元变量可以被输出的位置。最外层的积分点位于壳单元的表面。

壳单元法线方向决定了单元的正和负表面，为了正确地定义接触和解释输出数据，必须知道其对应的是哪个面。壳法线还定义了施加在单元上正压力载荷的方向，并可以在ABAQUS/Post中画出；

壳单元利用材料方向局部化到每个单元。在大位移分析中，局部材料轴随单元而转动。*ORIENTATION被用来定义非默认的局部坐标系统。单元的变量，如应力和应变，在局部方向输出；

*TRANSFORM定义节点的局部坐标系，集中载荷和边界条件被应用在局部坐标系中。所用节点的输出，如位移，也默认为基于局部的坐标系；

矢量图可以使模拟结果可视化，特别是用来观察结构的运动和载荷路径。

4.梁单元（B）

模拟一维尺寸（长度）远大于另外二维尺寸的构件，且只有长度方向上的应力比较显著。

对于包含接触的任何模拟，应使用一阶、剪切变形的梁单元（B21,B31）

如果结构刚度非常大或者非常柔软，在几何非线性模拟中应当使用杂交梁单元（B21H,B32H,等）

使用欧拉－伯努利（三次）梁单元（B23,B33）精度很高，可模拟承受分布载荷作用的梁，例如动态振动分析。如果横向剪切变形也很重要，要使用铁摩辛柯（二次型）梁单元（B22,B32）

模拟有开口薄壁横截面的结构，应当使用考虑了开口截面翘曲理论的梁单元（B31OS,B32OS）

小结：

梁单元的性质由截面（*BEAM SECTION或*BEAM GENERAL SECTION）的数值积分决定，或直接给出截面积、惯性矩和扭转常数（*BEAM GENERAL SECTION）；

当使用*BEAM GENERAL SECTION选项时，模拟开始时进行一次数值积分，并且假定材料是弹性的； ABAQUS包括大量的标准横截面形状。其它形状可以通过定义SECTION=ARBITRARY来模拟；

必须定义横截面取向，方法是通过给出第三个节点，或者在单元性质定义中定义一个矢量。截面取向在ABAQUS后处理中可以画出；

当梁作为壳的加强构件使用时，梁的横截面可能偏离节点；

线性和二次型包含剪切变形的影响，三次型梁不考虑剪切柔度。开口截面梁准确地模拟了扭转和薄壁开口截面翘曲（包括翘曲约束）的影响；

多点约束和约束方程可以用来连接模型中铰接、刚性连接等节点的自由度；

“弯矩”型图使得像梁这样的一维单元的结果很清楚地表示出来；

ABAQUS后处理图的硬拷贝可以得到PostScript和HPGL的格式。

5．桁架单元（T）

只能承受拉伸和压缩载荷的杆，不能承受弯曲，模拟铰接框架结构，近似模拟线缆和弹簧。

6．刚体单元（R）

没有独立的自由度。

7．非线性分析

小结：

结构问题中存在着三种非线性来源：材料、几何和边界（接触）。这些因素的任意组合都可以出现在

ABAQUS的分析中；

几何非线性发生在位移量值影响结构响应的情况下。这包括大位移和转动效应、突然翻转和载荷硬化；

非线性问题是利用牛顿－拉弗森方法来进行迭代求解的。非线性问题比线性问题所需要的计算机资源要高许多倍；

非线性分析步被分为许多增量步。ABAQUS通过迭代，在新的载荷增量结束时近似地达到静力学平衡。ABAQUS在整个模拟计算中完全控制载荷的增量和收敛性；

状态文件允许在分析运行时监控分析过程的进展。信息文件包含了载荷增量和迭代过程的详细信息；

在每个增量步结束时可以保存计算结果，这样结构响应的演化就可以用ABAQUS/Post显示出来。计算结果也可以用x-y图的形式绘出。

8．材料

小结：

ABAQUS包含一个广泛的材料库，可模拟各种工程材料的性质。其中包括金属塑性和橡胶弹性模型； 金属塑性模型的应力－应变数据必须用真实应变定义；

金属塑性模型假定材料具有一旦屈服即不可压缩的性质。这将对应用于弹－塑性模拟的单元类型带来某些限制； 多项式和奥根应变能函数可应用于橡胶材料的弹性（超弹性）。两种模型均允许直接用实验数据来确定材料的系数。实验数据必须是名义应力和名义应变的值；

在超弹性材料模型中的稳定性警告，说明所要分析的应变范围不合适；

存在对称性时，可以只考虑部分模型从而减小模拟的尺寸。可通过施加适当的边界条件来反映结构其余部分的效应；

大畸变问题的网格设计比小位移问题更加困难。在分析的任何阶段，网格中的单元务必不能过于畸变；

ABAQUS/Post中的*DEFINE CURVE命令允许处理曲线上的数据以生成新的曲线。两条曲线或一条曲线与一个常数可以加、减、乘、除。曲线还可以求导、积分和合并。

9．动态问题

具有下列特征的问题适于采用线性瞬态动力学分析：

系统是线性的：线性材料行为，无接触条件，无非线性的几何效应；

响应只受较少的频率支配。当响应中各频率成分增加时，例如撞击和冲击情况，振型叠加方法的效果将大大降低；

载荷的主要频率在可得到的固有频率范围内，以确保对载荷的描述足够精确；

由于任何突然加载所产生的初始加速度能用特征模型精确描述；

对系统的阻尼不能过大。

小结：

动态分析包括结构的惯性效应；

*FREQUENCY可以计算结构的固有频率和振型；

通过振型叠加，可以确定线性系统的动态响应。这一方法尽管有效，但是不能用于非线性问题；

线性动态过程可以计算瞬态载荷的瞬态响应、谐振动下的稳态响应、支座移动造成的响应峰值和随机载荷的响应；

为了准确表示结构的动态行为，必须选择足够多的振型。总的等效模型质量应占可动质量的90%以上；

用户可以给定直接模态阻尼、瑞利阻尼和复合模态阻尼。但是由于固有频率和振型的计算都是基于无阻尼的结构，所以此法只适用于低阻尼结构；

模态技术不适用于非线性的动态模拟。在这种情况下必须采用自己的时间积分方法（*DYNAMIC） *AMPLITUDE选项可以描述随时间任意变化的载荷，以及给定的边界条件；

振型和瞬态结果可以在ABAQUS/Post中用动画显示。这对于理解动态响应和非线性静态分析十分有帮助。

10．多步骤分析

小结：

一个ABAQUS模拟过程可以包含任意数目的步骤；

一个分析步骤就是一段“时间”，在这段时间里ABAQUS计算模型对一套指定载荷和边界条件的响应。这一步骤中所用的特殊分析过程确定了这个响应的特征；

在一个一般分析步骤中，结构的响应可能是线性的，也可能是非线性的；

每一个一般步骤的开始状态是上一个一般步骤的结束状态。这样，在一个模拟中模型的响应随一系列一般步骤而演化；

线性扰动步骤计算结构对扰动载荷的线性响应。这个响应的基本状态是相对于最后一个一般步骤结束时模型的状态所定义的；

在一般步骤中任何载荷选项里的OP参数（例如*BOUNDARY,*CLOAD和*DLOAD中）控制着这些选项中所指定的数值是如何与前面步骤中定义的数值相互作用的；

只要存储了一个重新启动文件就可以进行重新启动分析。重新启动文件可以用来继续一个中断的分析或者给模拟添加附加的载荷过程。

11．接触

小结：

接触分析需要一个谨慎的逻辑方法。如果必要，将分析分解成几步执行，并缓慢地施加荷载，以保证很好地建立接触条件；

一般地，对分析的每一步最好采用分离步骤进行，即使只是因为载荷而改变边界条件。您几乎肯定要比预期情况应用更多的步骤，但模型则收敛得更容易。如果想一步就将所有的载荷加上，接触分析是难以完成的； 在对结构施加工作载荷之前，要在所有部件之间取得稳定的接触条件。如果必要，采用临时的边界条件，在以后阶段再消除这些约束。只要所提供的约束不产生永久的变形，对最后的结果应该毫无影响；

不用对接触面上的节点施加边界条件，即在接触方向上限制节点。如果有摩擦，不要在任何自由度上约束这些节点：可能导致零主元信息；

对于接触模拟，总要试图使用一阶单元

第二篇：ABAQUS单元

ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual

ABAQUS/Standard Element Index This index provides a reference to all of the element types that are available in ABAQUS/Standard. Elements are listed in alphabetical order, where numerical characters precede the letter “A” and two-digit numbers are put in numerical, rather than “alphabetical,” order. Thus, AC1D2 precedes ACAX4, and AC3D20 follows AC3D8.

AC1D2

AC1D3

AC2D3

AC2D4

AC2D6

AC2D8

AC3D4

AC3D6

AC3D8

AC3D10

AC3D15

AC3D20

ACAX3

ACAX4

ACAX6

ACAX8

ACIN2D2

ACIN2D3

ACIN3D3 2-node acoustic link (Section 14.1.2) 3-node acoustic link 3-node linear 2-D acoustic triangle 4-node linear 2-D acoustic quadrilateral 6-node quadratic 2-D acoustic triangular prism 8-node quadratic 2-D acoustic quadrilateral 4-node linear acoustic tetrahedron 6-node linear acoustic triangular prism 8-node linear acoustic brick 10-node quadratic acoustic tetrahedron 15-node quadratic acoustic triangular prism 20-node quadratic acoustic brick 3-node linear axisymmetric acoustic triangle 4-node linear axisymmetric acoustic quadrilateral 6-node quadratic axisymmetric acoustic triangle 8-node quadratic axisymmetric acoustic quadrilateral 2-node linear 2-D acoustic infinite element 3-node quadratic 2-D acoustic infinite element 3-node linear 3-D acoustic infinite

ACIN3D4 ACIN3D6 ACIN3D8 ACINAX2 ACINAX3 ASI1 ASI2 ASI2A ASI3 ASI3A ASI4 ASI8 B21 B21H B22 B22H B23 B23H B31 B31H B31OS

B31OSH element 4-node linear 3-D acoustic infinite element 6-node quadratic 3-D acoustic infinite element 8-node quadratic 3-D acoustic infinite element 2-node linear axisymmetric acoustic infinite element 3-node quadratic axisymmetric acoustic infinite element 1-node acoustic interface element (Section 18.9.2) 2-node linear 2-D acoustic interface element 2-node linear axisymmetric acoustic interface element 3-node 2-D quadratic acoustic interface element 3-node quadratic axisymmetric acoustic interface element 4-node linear 3-D acoustic interface element 8-node quadratic 3-D acoustic interface element 2-node linear beam in a plane 2-node linear beam in a plane, hybrid formulation 3-node quadratic beam in a plane 3-node quadratic beam in a plane, hybrid formulation 2-node cubic beam in a plane 2-node cubic beam in a plane, hybrid formulation 2-node linear beam in space 2-node linear beam in space, hybrid formulation 2-node linear open-section beam in space 2-node linear open-section beam in space, hybrid

B32 B32H B32OS B32OSH B33 B33H C3D4 C3D4E C3D4H C3D4T C3D6 C3D6E C3D6H C3D6T C3D8 C3D8E C3D8H C3D8HT C3D8I C3D8IH C3D8P C3D8PH

C3D8R formulation 3-node quadratic beam in space 3-node quadratic beam in space, hybrid formulation 3-node quadratic open-section beam in space 3-node quadratic open-section beam in space, hybrid formulation 2-node cubic beam in space 2-node cubic beam in space, hybrid formulation 4-node linear tetrahedron 4-node linear piezoelectric tetrahedron 4-node linear tetrahedron, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node thermally coupled tetrahedron, linear displacement and temperature 6-node linear triangular prism 6-node linear piezoelectric triangular prism 6-node linear triangular prism, hybrid, constant pressure 6-node thermally coupled triangular prism, linear displacement and temperature 8-node linear brick 8-node linear piezoelectric brick 8-node linear brick, hybrid, constant pressure 8-node thermally coupled brick, trilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure 8-node linear brick, incompatible modes 8-node linear brick, hybrid, linear pressure, incompatible modes 8-node brick, trilinear displacement, trilinear pore pressure 8-node brick, trilinear displacement, trilinear pore pressure, hybrid, constant pressure 8-node linear brick, reduced integration, hourglass

C3D8RH C3D8RHT C3D8RP C3D8RPH C3D8RT C3D8T C3D10 C3D10E C3D10H C3D10M C3D10MH C3D10MHT C3D10MP C3D10MPH C3D10MT C3D15 C3D15E C3D15H C3D15V

C3D15VH control 8-node linear brick, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 8-node thermally coupled brick, trilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control, hybrid, constant pressure 8-node brick, trilinear displacement, trilinear pore pressure, reduced integration 8-node brick, trilinear displacement, trilinear pore pressure, reduced integration, hybrid, constant pressure 8-node thermally coupled brick, trilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 8-node thermally coupled brick, trilinear displacement and temperature 10-node quadratic tetrahedron 10-node quadratic piezoelectric tetrahedron 10-node quadratic tetrahedron, hybrid, linear pressure 10-node modified tetrahedron 10-node modified quadratic tetrahedron, hybrid, linear pressure 10-node thermally coupled modified quadratic tetrahedron, hybrid, linear pressure 10-node modified displacement and pore pressure tetrahedron 10-node modified displacement and pore pressure tetrahedron, hybrid, linear pressure 10-node thermally coupled modified quadratic tetrahedron 15-node quadratic triangular prism 15-node quadratic piezoelectric triangular prism 15-node quadratic triangular prism, hybrid, linear pressure 15 to 18-node triangular prism 15 to 18-node triangular prism, hybrid, linear

C3D20 C3D20E C3D20H C3D20HT C3D20P C3D20PH C3D20R C3D20RE C3D20RH C3D20RHT C3D20RP C3D20RPH C3D20RT C3D20T C3D27 C3D27H C3D27R C3D27RH CAX3

CAX3E pressure 20-node quadratic brick 20-node quadratic piezoelectric brick 20-node quadratic brick, hybrid, linear pressure 20-node thermally coupled brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure 20-node brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure 20-node brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, hybrid, linear pressure 20-node quadratic brick, reduced integration 20-node quadratic piezoelectric brick, reduced integration 20-node quadratic brick, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 20-node thermally coupled brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 20-node brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, reduced integration (Section 14.1.4) 20-node brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear pore pressure, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 20-node thermally coupled brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature, reduced integration 20-node thermally coupled brick, triquadratic displacement, trilinear temperature 21 to 27-node brick 21 to 27-node brick, hybrid, linear pressure 21 to 27-node brick, reduced integration 21 to 27-node brick, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 3-node linear axisymmetric triangle 3-node linear axisymmetric piezoelectric

CAX3H

CAX3T

CAX4

CAX4E

CAX4H

CAX4HT

CAX4I

CAX4IH

CAX4P

CAX4PH

CAX4R

CAX4RH

CAX4RHT

CAX4RP

CAX4RPH

CAX4RT triangle 3-node linear axisymmetric triangle, hybrid, constant pressure 3-node axisymmetric thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral (Section 14.1.6) 4-node bilinear axisymmetric piezoelectric quadrilateral 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure, incompatible modes 4-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure 4-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node thermally coupled axisymmetric quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration 4-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration 4-node thermally coupled axisymmetric quadrilateral,

bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant

pressure, reduced integration, hourglass

CAX4T CAX6 CAX6E CAX6H CAX6M CAX6MH CAX6MHT CAX6MP CAX6MPH CAX6MT CAX8 CAX8E CAX8H CAX8HT CAX8P CAX8PH CAX8R CAX8RE

CAX8RH control 4-node axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature 6-node quadratic axisymmetric triangle 6-node quadratic axisymmetric piezoelectric triangle 6-node quadratic axisymmetric triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified axisymmetric triangle 6-node modified quadratic axisymmetric triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified axisymmetric thermally coupled triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure axisymmetric triangle 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure axisymmetric triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified axisymmetric thermally coupled triangle, linear pressure 8-node biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic axisymmetric piezoelectric quadrilateral (Section 14.1.6) 8-node biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure 8-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic axisymmetric piezoelectric quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid,

CAX8RHT CAX8RP CAX8RPH CAX8RT CAX8T CAXA4N CAXA4HN CAXA4RN CAXA4RHN CAXA8N CAXA8HN CAXA8PN CAXA8RN

CAXA8RHN linear pressure, reduced integration 8-node axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 8-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration 8-node axisymmetric quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 8-node axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration 8-node axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature Bilinear asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 4 nodes per – plane Bilinear asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 4 nodes per – plane, constant Fourier pressure, hybrid Bilinear asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 4 nodes per – plane, reduced integration in – planes, hourglass control Bilinear asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 4 nodes per – plane, constant Fourier pressure, hybrid, reduced integration in – planes Biquadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 8 nodes per – plane Biquadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 8 nodes per – plane, linear Fourier pressure, hybrid Biquadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 8 nodes per – plane, bilinear Fourier pore pressure Biquadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 8 nodes per – plane, reduced integration in – planes Biquadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier

CAXA8RPN

CCL9

CCL9H

CCL12

CCL12H

CCL18

CCL18H

CCL24

CCL24H

CCL24R

CCL24RH

CGAX3

CGAX3H

CGAX3HT

CGAX3T

CGAX4

CGAX4H

CGAX4HT

CGAX4R quadrilateral with 8 nodes per – plane, linear Fourier pressure, hybrid, reduced integration in – planes Biquadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier quadrilateral with 8 nodes per – plane, bilinear Fourier pore pressure, reduced integration in – planes 9-node cylindrical brick (Section 14.1.5) 9-node cylindrical hybrid brick 12-node cylindrical brick 12-node cylindrical hybrid brick 18-node cylindrical brick (Section 14.1.5) 18-node cylindrical hybrid brick 24-node cylindrical brick 24-node cylindrical hybrid brick 24-node cylindrical brick with reduced integration 24-node cylindrical hybrid brick with reduced integration 3-node generalized linear axisymmetric triangle, twist 3-node generalized linear axisymmetric triangle, hybrid, constant pressure, twist 3-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled triangle, hybrid, constant pressure, linear displacement and temperature, twist 3-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature, twist 4-node generalized bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, twist 4-node generalized bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, twist 4-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, bilinear displacement and temperature, twist 4-node generalized bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral,

reduced integration, hourglass control,

twist

CGAX4RH

CGAX4RHT

CGAX4RT

CGAX4T

CGAX6

CGAX6H

CGAX6M

CGAX6MH

CGAX6MHT

CGAX6MT

CGAX8

CGAX8H

CGAX8HT

CGAX8R

CGAX8RH 4-node generalized bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control, twist 4-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control, twist 4-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control, twist 4-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, twist 6-node generalized quadratic axisymmetric triangle, twist 6-node generalized quadratic axisymmetric triangle, hybrid, linear pressure, twist 6-node generalized modified axisymmetric triangle, twist 6-node generalized modified axisymmetric triangle, twist, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node generalized modified thermally coupled axisymmetric triangle, quadratic displacement, linear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure, twist 6-node generalized modified thermally coupled axisymmetric triangle, quadratic displacement, linear temperature, twist 8-node generalized biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral, twist 8-node generalized biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure, twist 8-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure, twist 8-node generalized biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral, reduced integration, twist 8-node generalized biquadratic axisymmetric quadrilateral,

hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration,

CGAX8RHT CGAX8RT CGAX8T CIN3D8 CIN3D12R CIN3D18R CINAX4 CINAX5R CINPE4 CINPE5R CINPS4 CINPS5R CONN2D2 CONN3D2 CPE3 CPE3E CPE3H CPE3T CPE4

CPE4E twist 8-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration, twist 8-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, twist (Section 14.1.6) 8-node generalized axisymmetric thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, twist 8-node linear one-way infinite brick 12-node quadratic one-way infinite brick 18-node quadratic one-way infinite brick 4-node linear axisymmetric one-way infinite quadrilateral 5-node quadratic axisymmetric one-way infinite quadrilateral 4-node linear plane strain one-way infinite quadrilateral 5-node quadratic plane strain one-way infinite quadrilateral 4-node linear plane stress one-way infinite quadrilateral 5-node quadratic plane stress one-way infinite quadrilateral Connector element in a plane between two nodes or ground and a node Connector element in space between two nodes or ground and a node 3-node linear plane strain triangle 3-node linear plane strain piezoelectric triangle 3-node linear plane strain triangle, hybrid, constant pressure 3-node plane strain thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral 4-node bilinear plane strain piezoelectric

CPE4H CPE4HT CPE4I CPE4IH CPE4P CPE4PH CPE4R CPE4RH CPE4RHT CPE4RP CPE4RPH CPE4RT CPE4T CPE6 CPE6E CPE6H

CPE6M quadrilateral 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure, incompatible modes 4-node plane strain quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure 4-node plane strain quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node bilinear plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node plane strain quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node plane strain quadrilateral, bilinear displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node bilinear plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature 6-node quadratic plane strain triangle 6-node quadratic plane strain piezoelectric triangle 6-node quadratic plane strain triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified quadratic plane strain

CPE6MH

CPE6MHT

CPE6MP

CPE6MPH

CPE6MT

CPE8

CPE8E

CPE8H

CPE8HT

CPE8P

CPE8PH

CPE8R

CPE8RE

CPE8RH

CPE8RHT

CPE8RP

CPE8RPH triangle 6-node modified quadratic plane strain triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified quadratic plane strain thermally coupled triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure plane strain triangle (Section 14.1.3) 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure plane strain triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified quadratic plane strain thermally coupled triangle 8-node biquadratic plane strain quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic plane strain piezoelectric quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node plane strain quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure 8-node plane strain quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid, linear pressure stress 8-node biquadratic plane strain quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic plane strain piezoelectric quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 8-node plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node plane strain quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure,

reduced integration, hybrid, linear

pressure

CPE8RT CPE8T CPEG3 CPEG3H CPEG3HT CPEG3T CPEG4 CPEG4H CPEG4HT CPEG4I CPEG4IH CPEG4R CPEG4RH CPEG4RHT CPEG4RT

CPEG4T 8-node plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration 8-node plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 3-node linear generalized plane strain triangle 3-node linear generalized plane strain triangle, hybrid, constant pressure 3-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure 3-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear generalized plane strain quadrilateral 4-node bilinear generalized plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure 4-node bilinear generalized plane strain quadrilateral, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear generalized plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear generalized plane strain quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node bilinear generalized plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled

CPEG6

CPEG6H

CPEG6M

CPEG6MH

CPEG6MHT

CPEG6MT

CPEG8

CPEG8H

CPEG8HT

CPEG8R

CPEG8RH

CPEG8RHT

CPEG8T

CPS3

CPS3E

CPS3T quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature 6-node quadratic generalized plane strain triangle 6-node quadratic generalized plane strain triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified generalized plane strain triangle 6-node modified generalized plane strain triangle, hybrid, linear pressure 6-node modified generalized plane strain thermally coupled triangle, quadratic displacement, linear temperature, hybrid, constant pressure 6-node modified generalized plane strain thermally coupled triangle, quadratic displacement, linear temperature 8-node biquadratic generalized plane strain quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic generalized plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure 8-node biquadratic generalized plane strain quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic generalized plane strain quadrilateral, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration (Section 14.1.3) 8-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid, linear pressure, reduced integration 8-node generalized plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 3-node linear plane stress triangle 3-node linear plane stress piezoelectric triangle 3-node plane stress thermally coupled triangle, linear

displacement and temperature

CPS4

CPS4E

CPS4I

CPS4R

CPS4RT

CPS4T

CPS6

CPS6E

CPS6M

CPS6MT

CPS8

CPS8E

CPS8R

CPS8RE

CPS8RT

CPS8T

DASHPOT1

DASHPOT2

DASHPOTA 4-node bilinear plane stress quadrilateral 4-node bilinear plane stress piezoelectric quadrilateral 4-node bilinear plane stress quadrilateral, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear plane stress quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node plane stress thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node plane stress thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature (Section 14.1.3) 6-node quadratic plane stress triangle 6-node quadratic plane stress piezoelectric triangle 6-node modified second-order plane stress triangle 6-node modified second-order plane stress thermally coupled triangle 8-node biquadratic plane stress quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic plane stress piezoelectric quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic plane stress quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic plane stress piezoelectric quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node plane stress thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration 8-node plane stress thermally coupled quadrilateral, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature Dashpot between a node and ground, acting in a fixed direction Dashpot between two nodes, acting in a fixed direction Axial dashpot between two nodes, whose line of action is

the line joining the two nodes

DC1D2

DC1D2E

DC1D3

DC1D3E

DC2D3

DC2D3E

DC2D4

DC2D4E

DC2D6

DC2D6E

DC2D8

DC2D8E

DC3D4

DC3D4E

DC3D6

DC3D6E

DC3D8

DC3D8E

DC3D10

DC3D10E

DC3D15

DC3D15E

DC3D20

DC3D20E 2-node heat transfer link 2-node coupled thermal-electrical link 3-node heat transfer link 3-node coupled thermal-electrical link 3-node linear heat transfer triangle 3-node linear coupled thermal-electrical triangle 4-node linear heat transfer quadrilateral 4-node linear coupled thermal-electrical quadrilateral 6-node quadratic heat transfer triangle 6-node quadratic coupled thermal-electrical triangle 8-node quadratic heat transfer quadrilateral 8-node quadratic coupled thermal-electrical quadrilateral 4-node linear heat transfer tetrahedron 4-node linear coupled thermal-electrical tetrahedron 6-node linear heat transfer triangular prism 6-node linear coupled thermal-electrical triangular prism 8-node linear heat transfer brick 8-node linear coupled thermal-electrical brick 10-node quadratic heat transfer tetrahedron 10-node quadratic coupled thermal-electrical tetrahedron 15-node quadratic heat transfer triangular prism 15-node quadratic coupled thermal-electrical triangular prism 20-node quadratic heat transfer brick 20-node quadratic coupled thermal-electrical

brick

DCAX3

DCAX3E

DCAX4

DCAX4E

DCAX6

DCAX6E

DCAX8

DCAX8E

DCC1D2

DCC1D2D

DCC2D4

DCC2D4D

DCC3D8

DCC3D8D

DCCAX2

DCCAX2D

DCCAX4

DCCAX4D

DCOUP2D

DCOUP3D

DGAP 3-node linear axisymmetric heat transfer triangle 3-node linear axisymmetric coupled thermal-electrical triangle 4-node linear axisymmetric heat transfer quadrilateral 4-node linear axisymmetric coupled thermal-electrical quadrilateral 6-node quadratic axisymmetric heat transfer triangle 6-node quadratic axisymmetric coupled thermal-electrical triangle 8-node quadratic axisymmetric heat transfer quadrilateral 8-node quadratic axisymmetric coupled thermal-electrical quadrilateral 2-node convection/diffusion link 2-node convection/diffusion link, dispersion control 4-node convection/diffusion quadrilateral 4-node convection/diffusion quadrilateral, dispersion control 8-node convection/diffusion brick 8-node convection/diffusion brick, dispersion control 2-node axisymmetric convection/diffusion link 2-node axisymmetric convection/diffusion link, dispersion control 4-node axisymmetric convection/diffusion quadrilateral 4-node axisymmetric convection/diffusion quadrilateral, dispersion control Two-dimensional distributing coupling element Three-dimensional distributing coupling element Unidirectional thermal interactions between two

nodes

DRAG2D

DRAG3D

DS3

DS4

DS6

DS8

DSAX1

DSAX2

ELBOW31

ELBOW31B

ELBOW31C

ELBOW32

F2D2

F3D3

F3D4

FAX2

FLINK

FRAME2D

FRAME3D

GAPCYL

GAPSPHER

GAPUNI

GAPUNIT 2-D drag chain, for use in cases where only horizontal motion is being studied 3-D drag chain 3-node heat transfer triangular shell 4-node heat transfer quadrilateral shell 6-node heat transfer triangular shell 8-node heat transfer quadrilateral shell 2-node axisymmetric heat transfer shell 3-node axisymmetric heat transfer shell 2-node pipe in space with deforming section, linear interpolation along the pipe 2-node pipe in space with ovalization only, axial gradients of ovalization neglected 2-node pipe in space with ovalization only, axial gradients of ovalization neglected. This is the same as element type ELBOW31B except that the odd numbered terms in the Fourier interpolation around the pipe, except the first term, are neglected. 3-node pipe in space with deforming section, quadratic interpolation along the pipe 2-node linear 2-D hydrostatic fluid element 3-node linear 3-D triangular hydrostatic fluid element 4-node linear 3-D quadrilateral hydrostatic fluid element 2-node linear axisymmetric hydrostatic fluid element 2-node linear fluid link 2-node two-dimensional straight frame element 2-node three-dimensional straight frame element Cylindrical gap between two nodes Spherical gap between two nodes Unidirectional gap between two nodes Unidirectional gap and thermal interactions between two

nodes

GK2D2 GK2D2N GK3D2 GK3D2N GK3D4L GK3D4LN GK3D6L GK3D6LN GK3D6 GK3D6N GK3D8 GK3D8N GK3D12M GK3D12MN GK3D18 GK3D18N GKAX2 GKAX2N GKAX4 GKAX4N GKAX6

GKAX6N 2-node two-dimensional gasket element 2-node two-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 2-node three-dimensional gasket element 2-node three-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 4-node three-dimensional line gasket element 4-node three-dimensional line gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 6-node three-dimensional line gasket element 6-node three-dimensional line gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 6-node three-dimensional gasket element 6-node three-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 8-node three-dimensional gasket element 8-node three-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 12-node three-dimensional gasket element 12-node three-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 18-node three-dimensional gasket element 18-node three-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 2-node axisymmetric gasket element 2-node axisymmetric gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 4-node axisymmetric gasket element 4-node axisymmetric gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 6-node axisymmetric gasket element 6-node axisymmetric gasket element with

GKPE4

GKPE6

GKPS4

GKPS4N

GKPS6

GKPS6N

HEATCAP

IRS21A

IRS22A

ISL21A

ISL22A

ITSCYL

ITSUNI

ITT21

ITT31

JOINT2D

JOINT3D

JOINTC

LS3S

LS6 thickness-direction behavior only 4-node plane strain gasket element 6-node plane strain gasket element 4-node plane stress gasket element 4-node two-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only 6-node plane stress gasket element 6-node two-dimensional gasket element with thickness-direction behavior only Point heat capacitance Axisymmetric rigid surface element (for use with first-order axisymmetric elements) Axisymmetric rigid surface element (for use with second-order axisymmetric elements) 2-node axisymmetric slide line element (for use with first-order axisymmetric elements) 3-node axisymmetric slide line element (for use with second-order axisymmetric elements) Cylindrical geometry tube support interaction element Unidirectional tube support interaction element Tube-tube element for use with first-order, 2-D beam and pipe elements Tube-tube element for use with first-order, 3-D beam and pipe elements Two-dimensional elastic-plastic joint interaction element. These elements are available only for use in ABAQUS/Aqua. Three-dimensional elastic-plastic joint interaction element. These elements are available only for use in ABAQUS/Aqua. Three-dimensional joint interaction element 3-node second-order line spring for use on a symmetry plane 6-node general second-order line spring. This element can

be used only with linear elastic material

behavior.

M3D3 M3D4 M3D4R M3D6 M3D8 M3D8R M3D9 M3D9R MASS MAX1 MAX2 MCL6 MCL9 MGAX1 MGAX2 PIPE21 PIPE21H PIPE22 PIPE22H PIPE31 PIPE31H PIPE32 PIPE32H PSI24 PSI26 PSI34 PSI36

R2D2 3-node triangular membrane 4-node quadrilateral membrane 4-node quadrilateral membrane, reduced integration, hourglass control 6-node triangular membrane 8-node quadrilateral membrane 8-node quadrilateral membrane, reduced integration 9-node quadrilateral membrane 9-node quadrilateral membrane, reduced integration, hourglass control Point mass 2-node linear axisymmetric membrane 3-node quadratic axisymmetric membrane 6-node cylindrical membrane 9-node cylindrical membrane 2-node linear axisymmetric membrane, twist 3-node quadratic axisymmetric membrane, twist 2-node linear pipe in a plane 2-node linear pipe in a plane, hybrid formulation 3-node quadratic pipe in a plane 3-node quadratic pipe in a plane, hybrid formulation 2-node linear pipe in space 2-node linear pipe in space, hybrid formulation 3-node quadratic pipe in space 3-node quadratic pipe in space, hybrid formulation 4-node 2-D pipe-soil interaction element 6-node 2-D pipe-soil interaction element 4-node 3-D pipe-soil interaction element 6-node 3-D pipe-soil interaction element 2-node 2-D linear rigid link (for use in plane strain or plane

R3D3

R3D4

RAX2

RB2D2

RB3D2

ROTARYI

S3

S3R

S4

S4R

S4R5

S8R

S8R5

S8RT

S9R5

SAX1

SAX2

SAX2T

SAXA1N stress) 3-node 3-D rigid triangular facet 4-node 3-D bilinear rigid quadrilateral 2-node linear axisymmetric rigid link (for use in axisymmetric planar geometries) 2-node 2-D rigid beam 2-node 3-D rigid beam Rotary inertia at a point 3-node triangular general-purpose shell, finite membrane strains (identical to element S3R) 3-node triangular general-purpose shell, finite membrane strains (identical to element S3) 4-node doubly curved general-purpose shell, finite membrane strains 4-node doubly curved general-purpose shell, reduced integration, hourglass control, finite membrane strains 4-node doubly curved thin shell, reduced integration, hourglass control, using five degrees of freedom per node 8-node doubly curved thick shell, reduced integration 8-node doubly curved thin shell, reduced integration, using five degrees of freedom per node 8-node thermally coupled quadrilateral general thick shell, biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature in the shell surface 9-node doubly curved thin shell, reduced integration, using five degrees of freedom per node 2-node linear axisymmetric thin or thick shell 3-node quadratic axisymmetric thin or thick shell 3-node axisymmetric thermally coupled thin or thick shell, quadratic displacement, linear temperature in the shell surface Linear asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier shell element

with 2 nodes in the generator direction and N Fourier

modes

SAXA2N SC6R SC8R SFM3D3 SFM3D4 SFM3D4R SFM3D6 SFM3D8 SFM3D8R SFMAX1 SFMAX2 SFMCL6 SFMCL9 SFMGAX1 SFMGAX2 SPRING1 SPRING2 SPRINGA STRI3 STRI65 T2D2

T2D2E Quadratic asymmetric-axisymmetric, Fourier shell element with 3 nodes in the generator direction and N Fourier modes 6-node triangular in-plane continuum shell wedge, general-purpose continuum shell, finite membrane strains. 8-node quadrilateral in-plane general-purpose continuum shell, reduced integration with hourglass control, finite membrane strains. 3-node triangular surface element 4-node quadrilateral surface element 4-node quadrilateral surface element, reduced integration (Section 18.2.2) 6-node triangular surface element 8-node quadrilateral surface element 8-node quadrilateral surface element, reduced integration 2-node linear axisymmetric surface element 3-node quadratic axisymmetric surface element 6-node cylindrical surface element 9-node cylindrical surface element 2-node linear axisymmetric surface element, twist 3-node quadratic axisymmetric surface element, twist Spring between a node and ground, acting in a fixed direction Spring between two nodes, acting in a fixed direction Axial spring between two nodes, whose line of action is the line joining the two nodes. This line of action may rotate in large-displacement analysis. 3-node triangular facet thin shell 6-node triangular thin shell, using five degrees of freedom per node 2-node linear 2-D truss 2-node 2-D piezoelectric truss

T2D2H

T2D2T

T2D3

T2D3E

T2D3H

T2D3T

T3D2

T3D2E

T3D2H

T3D2T

T3D3

T3D3E

T3D3H

T3D3T

WARP2D3

WARP2D4 2-node linear 2-D truss, hybrid 2-node 2-D thermally coupled truss 3-node quadratic 2-D truss 3-node 2-D piezoelectric truss 3-node quadratic 2-D truss, hybrid 3-node 2-D thermally coupled truss 2-node linear 3-D truss 2-node 3-D piezoelectric truss 2-node linear 3-D truss, hybrid 2-node 3-D thermally coupled truss 3-node quadratic 3-D truss 3-node 3-D piezoelectric truss 3-node quadratic 3-D truss, hybrid 3-node 3-D thermally coupled truss 3-node linear 2-D warping element 4-node bilinear 2-D warping element

ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual

ABAQUS/Explicit Element Index This index provides a reference to all of the element types that are available in ABAQUS/Explicit. Elements are listed in alphabetical order, where numerical characters precede the letter “A” and two-digit numbers are put in numerical, rather than “alphabetical,” order. For example, C3D8R precedes CAX3. AC2D3

AC2D4R

AC3D4

AC3D6

AC3D8R

ACAX3

ACAX4R 3-node linear 2-D acoustic triangle 4-node linear 2-D acoustic quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node linear acoustic tetrahedron 6-node linear acoustic triangular prism 8-node linear acoustic brick, reduced integration, hourglass control 3-node linear axisymmetric acoustic triangle 4-node linear axisymmetric acoustic quadrilateral, reduced

integration, hourglass control

ACIN2D2 ACIN3D3 ACIN3D4 ACINAX2 B21 B22 B31 B32 C3D4 C3D4T C3D6 C3D6T C3D8R C3D8RT C3D10M C3D10MT CAX3 CAX3T CAX4R CAX4RT CAX6M

CAX6MT 2-node linear 2-D acoustic infinite element 3-node linear 3-D acoustic infinite element 4-node linear 3-D acoustic infinite element 2-node linear axisymmetric acoustic infinite element 2-node linear beam in a plane 3-node quadratic beam in a plane 2-node linear beam in space 3-node quadratic beam in space 4-node linear tetrahedron 4-node thermally coupled tetrahedron, linear displacement and temperature 6-node linear triangular prism 6-node thermally coupled triangular prism, linear displacement and temperature 8-node linear brick, reduced integration, hourglass control 8-node thermally coupled brick, trilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 10-node modified second-order tetrahedron 10-node modified thermally coupled second-order tetrahedron (Section 14.1.4) 3-node linear axisymmetric triangle 3-node thermally coupled axisymmetric triangle, linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear axisymmetric quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node thermally coupled axisymmetric quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid, constant pressure, reduced integration, hourglass control 6-node modified second-order axisymmetric triangle 6-node modified second-order axisymmetric thermally

CIN3D8

CINAX4

CINPE4

CINPS4

CONN2D2

CONN3D2

CPE3

CPE3T

CPE4R

CPE4RT

CPE6M

CPE6MT

CPS3

CPS3T

CPS4R

CPS4RT

CPS6M

CPS6MT

DASHPOTA

F2D2 coupled triangle 8-node linear one-way infinite brick 4-node linear axisymmetric one-way infinite quadrilateral 4-node linear plane strain one-way infinite quadrilateral 4-node linear plane stress one-way infinite quadrilateral Connector element in a plane between two nodes or ground and a node Connector element in space between two nodes or ground and a node (Section 17.1.5) 3-node linear plane strain triangle 3-node plane strain thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear plane strain quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node bilinear plane strain thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 6-node modified second-order plane strain triangle 6-node modified second-order plane strain thermally coupled triangle 3-node linear plane stress triangle 3-node plane stress thermally coupled triangle, linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear plane stress quadrilateral, reduced integration, hourglass control 4-node plane stress thermally coupled quadrilateral, bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration, hourglass control 6-node modified second-order plane stress triangle 6-node modified second-order plane stress thermally coupled triangle Axial dashpot between two nodes 2-node linear 2-D hydrostatic fluid

element

F3D3 F3D4 FAX2 FLINK HEATCAP M3D3 M3D4R MASS R2D2 R3D3 R3D4 RAX2 ROTARYI S3R S3RS S4R S4RS S4RSW SAX1 SC6R SC8R SFM3D3

SFM3D4R 3-node linear 3-D triangular hydrostatic fluid element 4-node linear 3-D quadrilateral hydrostatic fluid element 2-node linear axisymmetric hydrostatic fluid element 2-node linear fluid link (Section 18.3.4) Point heat capacitance 3-node triangular membrane 4-node quadrilateral membrane, reduced integration, hourglass control Point mass 2-node 2-D linear rigid link (for use in plane strain or plane stress) 3-node 3-D rigid triangular facet 4-node 3-D bilinear rigid quadrilateral 2-node linear axisymmetric rigid link (for use in axisymmetric geometries) Rotary inertia at a point 3-node triangular shell, finite membrane strains 3-node triangular shell, small membrane strains 4-node doubly curved shell, reduced integration, hourglass control, finite membrane strains 4-node doubly curved shell, reduced integration, hourglass control, small membrane strains 4-node doubly curved shell, reduced integration, hourglass control, small membrane strains, warping considered in small-strain formulation 2-node linear axisymmetric shell 6-node triangular in-plane continuum shell wedge, general-purpose continuum shell, finite membrane strains. 8-node quadrilateral in-plane general-purpose continuum shell, reduced integration with hourglass control, finite membrane strains. 3-node triangular surface element 4-node quadrilateral surface element, reduced

integration

SPRINGA

T2D2

T3D2 Axial spring between two nodes 2-node linear 2-D truss 2-node linear 3-D truss