新时期中国水墨动画类型发展
摘要:本文从几个角度分析比较三维水墨动画的艺术特点以及它所存在的价值。
关键词: 三维水墨动画 传统水墨动画 风格 艺术效果
一、前言
中国水墨动画曾以其特殊的艺术表现力在国际上辉煌一时，这种中国特有的本土动画形式也取得无数的骄人荣誉。但自从中国动画创作走上商业化创作之路，而传统的水墨动画由于其制作工艺的异常复杂，耗费大量的人力物力，艺术创作脱离商业市场运作，使传统水墨动画近些年近乎绝迹，中国水墨动画开始走入低谷。
二十世纪末数字技术的发展对艺术创作产生了巨大的影响，一部分艺术创作者开始探索寻求通过计算机操作平台来创作新水墨动画的形式，来发展本土动画产业，既可以节约成本，免去了摄影和中间画反复的工作，又可与现代动画技术相结合，可以说是水墨动画在新形势下的一个新的发展趋向。
计算机三维水墨动画创作虽然脱离了传统水墨动画的创作方式，但它创作形式与目的上还是遵循中国传统水墨绘画的特点。首先，使用3d技术模拟国画中的效果，画面强调用笔用墨的绘画性，表现画面中墨遇水的浓、淡、干、湿、焦特性，具有明显的水墨晕染的效果；其次，讲究意境之美。以抽象的元素来表达一种意境，传达物象的虚实与气韵；再次，在叙事内容上水墨动画通常结合中国传统文化，融入了中国特有的民族文化，将中国古典艺术所独有的淡雅、深邃的气质发挥得淋漓尽致。
二、三维水墨动画与传统水墨比较
计算机三维水墨动画在继承中国传统的水墨表现力上要弱些，这和它创作者和创作手法不同有关，三维水墨动画创作更多的是懂得计算机软件操作的制作者，而相对缺乏对于传统水墨绘画技法与风格的了解，并且整个动画作品的完成也脱离了传统的创作方式。而传统水墨动画它是基于艺术家的绘画艺术风格进行创作的，比如《小蝌蚪找妈妈》用的是齐白石的画意，《牧笛》取的是李可染的笔法，而《雁阵》掇的是贾又福的墨趣。所以三维水墨动画目前只是追求表面的形似，很难达到一种形神兼备的艺术效果。
水墨动画在其水墨画的属性中引入电影语言的概念，使其成为时空的艺术。因而它具有作为电影的审美元素，如景别、蒙太奇、长镜头、音响等。这些审美元素被动画家们加以利用，创造出符合人们观影思维的动画作品。分析传统的水墨动画镜头语言的表现通常是固定镜头或者是推拉的方式，简单而又朴实。数字水墨动画由于其操作平台的改变，在创作过程中有了新的特点，对于镜头的运用更为丰富，可以表现在画面中游走纵深的空间表现，更多的使用些长镜头的效果，这种淡雅虚幻的空间流动中来表达一种诗意，在这种镜头空间的表现力上，三维水墨动画画面要比传统水墨画略胜一筹。
构图是水墨动画的一大特点。传统艺术的水墨画中对构图、色调、氛围等都是要求非常严格的，常出现大量的空白。用三维实现水墨效果当然也是要考虑到传统绘画艺术的构图，画面里的每一个元素的摆放位置都应该是经过思考的。三维技术严格的遵守西方的透视原则，而传统水墨画常用的是散点透视原则，因此应在这方面注意模型的空间设置，不是单纯的场景就能具有国画的意味，三维制作考虑到摄象机运动的变化，从而需满足整体运动水墨画的构图效果。
“动”是计算机三维水墨动画表现的一大特性，而“意”是传统水墨动画表现的内涵。目前，
运用三维技术手段创作的中国水墨动画有《夏》、《河塘月色》、《气韵生动》等，这类三维水墨动画表现除了借鉴国画的意境外，更重要的表现了“动”的态势，《气韵生动》设计思路是表现一种写意国画的大气蓬勃，流动的线条，笔意苍劲有力，轻快的旋律，在画面留白之处，运用书法、诗词、印章等来补白，来体现出中国画独特的审美风格，加上晃动的摄象机的运动，产生了新的视觉艺术效果。
故事情节设置。水墨动画完全具有表现故事的能力，它的画面构成运用电影的时空观念，镜头画面设计等动画电影性的语言去演绎中国的水墨画，诠释一个耳目一新的水墨动画，水墨动画要发展，要前进，必须以电影的创作规律作为主导，以电影语言为陪衬，在进行画面构图时，运用色调、景深来呈现主体，并能拓展画面空间，增加画面信息量，使中国的水墨动画在世界动画界散发出让人惊叹的魅力。 三、 比较三维水墨动画与好莱坞三维动画
分析三维水墨动画与好莱坞的动画区别，从表现的题材来说，水墨动画叙事更多是表现山水写意虚幻的色彩，更具绘画性个人色彩，通过水墨的表现力将笔墨情趣与优美诗境融进了每一个画面里，笔墨是叙事意境的一种表现形式，无言中表现一切，含蓄而洒脱，意境深远，以叙事方式来揭示一个深刻的主题，包含了丰富的哲理和象征意义，使观者在欣赏的同时达到心灵上的共鸣。而好莱坞三维动画，通常以卡通人物或者拟人化的角色为叙事中心，景物衬托人物，画面讲究空间层次，色彩单纯而绚烂。
水墨动画作品对于竹、笛、琴、鹰、鱼、水等意象也颇为偏爱。大量地使用了古典水墨画中这些古老的意象,使得影片看起来充溢着古朴内敛的中国画境诗韵风格。好莱坞的三维动画创作更具电影观念和语言。
四、展望三维水墨动画创作前景与规划
水墨动画在故事内容和取材方面，其强烈的东方色彩不太适合来表现欧美故事，可以用来表现一些含有中国特色元素的情节设定，依托中国传统文化创作动画形式在当今完全还有潜力可以挖掘。
近几年国内电脑动画制作技术实力明显增强，电脑绘制背景技术已较为普及，三维和二维电脑动画发展迅猛，具备较为完善的制作体系。以完成的三维水墨动画短片如《夏》、《河塘月色》通过贴图材质，渲染方式，来模拟水墨风格，效果独特。但目前三维水墨动画还处于初级发展阶段，属于小成本规模的制作，故事情节展现也没有传统的水墨绘画来的有深度，如何更好的将各种先进动画技术与中国的传统文化结合表现水墨动画这特色，达到上世纪七八十年代传统水墨的辉煌，还有很多的地方需要改进。那么在新的环境下，如何提高自身的艺术创作？
首先，开发符合自身创作环境的动画软件。任何硬件、软件技术的更新都是由于艺术家对于艺术创作的不断要求的提高而探索产生的，好莱坞的设计这一系列的制作环境更符合他们自身的创作内容。所以本国的动漫艺术要有所创新与发展必须提高自己的软件开发的能力。目前国内在水墨动画有正在开发的renderdancerv2.0水墨渲染引擎，具有调节笔、笔触、纸等符合水墨渲染特性的控制键来调节渲染，还是能够达到一个比较简单理想的效果。加强软件开发与应用，为艺术创作带来更多的便利，使制作环境更具有规模化、体系化。
其次，水墨动画的特点在于传达一种意境，如何叙述故事，是艺术创作的关键。水墨动画的表述通常缺乏语言，只通过单纯的音乐与画面的结合来传达故事的内涵，故事的情节设置是需要推敲斟酌。三维制作环境为水墨动画制作提供了更为丰富创作手段，使动画叙述情节表现有更多的选择性。
再次，动漫制作的产业化。水墨动画是动画创作的一个分支，它的创作方式必须产业化规模化，这样才能制作出更为精练的艺术作品，早期的水墨动画创作在世界独树一帜的关键就是创作者投入大量的人力与精力。
五、结语
事实证明，只有将中国特有的传统艺术和现代动画手法相结合，才能做出具有独特中国民族个性的受欢迎的国产动画影片。传统水墨动画曾经一度取得过无数荣誉，但因固守旧形式与题材的贫瘠，已经无法符合现代人的审美需求，而水墨动画在中国动画片的形式上无仿无循。水墨动画创作在当前不应该衰退，这种中国特有的艺术形式应该被继承与发扬。水墨动画完全可以与现代三维技术相融合进行大胆的艺术创作，拓展与创新这种新的动画形式，使这种古老的艺术焕发新的生命力，让水墨动画得以独树于世界动画之林。
第二篇：外文翻译---新时期中国水墨动画类型发展
外文原文
Development of the New Chinese Ink Animation Type Abstract: This paper compared several three-dimensional perspective of the characteristics of ink animation and its existence value.
Keywords three-dimensional ink animation style of the artistic effect of traditional ink animation
1. Introduction
Ink animation has a special artistic expression with its international glory in a while, this unique native of China has also made numerous animation impressive honor. But since China embarked on the commercialization of creative animation of the road, while the traditional ink animation production process because of its complicated and takes a lot of manpower and resources from the commercial art market, the near-extinct traditional ink animation in recent years, China started to enter the low ink animation.
Of the twentieth century art digital technology had a huge impact, some artists began to explore the operating platform for seeking to create a new form of ink animation, to develop the local animation industry, both to save costs, eliminating the need for photography and repeatedly drawn down the middle of work, but also with animation technology, can be said ink animation in the new situation of a new development trend.
Although the three-dimensional computer animation ink ink from the traditional way of creating animation, but it is the purpose of writing or on the form and follow the characteristics of traditional Chinese ink painting. First, using 3d technology to simulate the effect of Chinese paintings, screen painting, ink pen with emphasis, performance of the thick screen ink water, light, dry, wet, coke properties, with significant effects of ink smudges; Secondly, pay attention to the beauty of artistic conception. Abstract elements to convey a mood, to convey images of the actual situation and artistically; again in the narrative content, often combined with traditional Chinese ink painting animation culture, into the unique culture of China, the unique art of Chinese classical and elegant, deep temperament on its head.
2.the three-dimensional animation and traditional ink ink compared
Three-dimensional computer animation in the succession of traditional Chinese ink painting ink is weaker on the more expressive, it and its various creators and creative practices related to ink three-dimensional animation is more to understand the operation of computer software producers, and the relative lack of traditional ink painting understanding of painting techniques and style, and the completion of the animation work is also out of the traditional approaches. The traditional ink animation it is based on the artist's painting style creation, such as "Little Tadpole Looking for Mom" with the Qi of the Painting, "reed pipe" to
take the Li Keran brushwork, and the "Goose" drop-the Jia and blessed Mexican interest. So now is the pursuit of three-dimensional ink animation shape of the surface, it is difficult to achieve a Vivid artistic effect.
Ink ink animation properties in their language to introduce the concept of the film, making time and space art. So that it has as a film aesthetic elements, such as Scene, Montage, long lens, audio. These aesthetic elements take advantage of passive artists to create a line with people thinking of cinema animation. Analysis of the traditional performance of ink animation camera language is usually a fixed lens or a push and pull methods, and simple and plain. Digital ink animation to change its operating platform in the creative process with new features, for the more abundant use of the lens, can be seen in deep space walk screen
performance, greater use of some long-lens effect, which kinds of elegant illusion of space to express a poetic flow, in which the lens on the expression of space, three-dimensional images than conventional ink ink animation slightly better.
Ink composition is a major feature animation. The ink in the traditional art of composition, tone, atmosphere and so are very demanding, often a large number of gaps.
Three-dimensional effect is achieved with ink is to take into account the composition of traditional painting, the picture in the placement of each element should be thought through. Three-dimensional technology to comply with the strict principles of Western perspective, and traditional ink painting is a common principle cavalier perspective, it should take note of this model in the space setting, not simply a painting of the scene can mean three-dimensional camera made taking into account movement changes, which need to meet the overall effect of exercise ink composition.
"Dynamic" is the computer performance of three-dimensional ink a major feature animation, and "meaning" is the connotation of the performance of traditional ink animation. Currently, the use of technical means to create three-dimensional animation of Chinese ink painting of "Summer", "Hetang moonlight", "Lively", etc. In addition to these three-dimensional ink drawing painting animation show the mood, more importantly, the performance of the "action" the situation, "Lively" design idea is to show the atmosphere of a vibrant
impressionistic painting, flow lines, pen means vigorous and effective, light melody, the
screen blank in place, the use of calligraphy, poetry, seals and other to make white, to reflect a unique aesthetic style of Chinese painting, with shaky camera movement, resulting in a new visual artistic effect.
Story setting. Ink animation story complete with the ability of the performance of its screen time and space constitute the use of the concept of the film, design, animation film footage of the language to interpret Chinese ink paintings, the interpretation of a fresh ink animation, ink animation to develop and move forward, we must As the film's creation led to film language as a foil, making the screen composition, the use of color, depth of field to render the main body, and can expand the screen space, more picture information, the Chinese ink animation in the world makes the animation world exudes breathtaking charm.
3.more three-dimensional ink animation and three-dimensional animation in Hollywood
Analysis of three-dimensional animation and Hollywood animation Ink distinction, from the subject matter, it is the performance of ink animation narrative more enjoyable fantasy
landscape color painting of a more personal touch, by the expressiveness of ink to ink with beautiful poetic financial interest into each screen, the ink is a form of narrative mood, silence in the performance of all, subtle and free and easy, artistic conception, the narrative style to reveal a profound theme, contains a wealth of philosophical and symbolic significance, so that viewers in the same time to appreciate the spiritual resonance. Hollywood three-dimensional animation, usually anthropomorphic cartoon character or the role of the narrative center, the scene set off people, pay attention to space-level images, color, simple and gorgeous. Ink animation for bamboo, flute, piano, eagles, fish, water and other images are also quite partial. A lot of ink in the use of the classical image of these ancient, makes the film seem imbued with the ancient rhyme restrained style of painting throughout. More
three-dimensional animation of Hollywood movie ideas and language.
4.look three-dimensional ink animation and planning future
Ink drawn animation in terms of story and its strong oriental flavor to the performance of Europe is not suitable for the story, can be used to show some elements of the plot with Chinese characteristics, setting, relying on traditional Chinese culture in today's fully animated creative potential can also mining.
In recent years, strength of the domestic computer animation technology was enhanced, computer technology has been more popular to draw the background, the rapid
three-dimensional and two-dimensional computer animation, with a more perfect production system. Ink to complete the three-dimensional animated shorts such as "Summer", "Hetang moonlight" through the textures, rendering, to simulate the ink painting style, the effect is unique. But three-dimensional ink animation is still in early stages of development, are
small-scale production cost, the story does not show the traditional ink painting to the depth, and how better to advanced animation techniques combined with traditional Chinese culture, the performance of Ink This animation features, to the seventies and eighties of last century the brilliant traditional ink painting, there are a lot of room for improvement. So in the new environment, how to improve their own work?
First, the development environment suited to their own creative animation software. Any hardware, software, technology updates are due to artists for artistic creation and exploration requirements increase continuously generated, the design of this series of Hollywood
production environment more in line with their own creative content. So their animation art to be innovative and development must improve their software development capability. At present, there is in the ink animation development renderdancerv2.0 ink rendering engine, capable of regulating the pen, brush, paper and ink rendering of line with the controls to adjust the rendering, or to achieve a more simple and the desired results. Strengthen the software development and applications for art to bring more convenience to make the environment more large-scale, systematic.
Second, the ink is characterized by the animation to convey a mood, how to tell stories, is the key to artistic creation. Ink Animation statements often lack the language and the picture only through a combination of simple stories to convey the meaning, the story setting is the need to appropriate scrutiny. Three-dimensional animation production environment for the ink to provide a richer means of creation, so that the circumstances described in the performance of
the animation more selective.
Again, the animation production industry. Ink Animation is a branch of animation, it's method to industrial scale, so as to produce a more refined works of art, early ink animation key is unique in the world, creator of lots of manpower and effort.
5. Conclusion
Facts have proved that only when China's unique traditional art and animation techniques combine to make a unique national character of the popular Chinese-made animation films. Animation was once traditional ink made numerous honors, but stick to the old theme of poor form and has been unable to meet the aesthetic needs of modern people, and ink animation cartoon form in China, no follow-free imitation. Ink Animation should not be in the current recession, this art form unique to China should be inherited and carried forward. Ink and modern three-dimensional animation techniques can be bold fusion of art creation, expansion and creation of this new animation, so that this ancient art will display a new vitality, so that ink animation to be unique among the forest of the animation in the world.
新时期中国水墨动画类型发展
摘要：本文从几个角度分析比较三维水墨动画的特点以及它所存在的价值。 关键词 三维水墨动画 传统水墨动画 风格 艺术效果。
一、前言
水墨动画曾以其特殊的艺术表现力在国际上辉煌一时，这种中国特有的本土动画形式也取得无数的骄人荣誉。但自从中国动画创作走上商业化创作之路，而传统的水墨动画由于其制作工艺的异常复杂，耗费大量的人力物力，艺术创作脱离商业市场运作，使传统水墨动画近些年近乎绝迹，中国水墨动画开始走入低谷。
二十世纪末数字技术的对艺术创作产生了巨大的影响，一部分艺术创作者开始探索寻求通过机操作平台来创作新水墨动画的形式，来发展本土动画产业，既可以节约成本，免去了摄影和中间画反复的工作，又可与动画技术相结合，可以说是水墨动画在新形势下的一个新的发展趋向。
计算机三维水墨动画创作虽然脱离了传统水墨动画的创作方式，但它创作形式与目的上还是遵循中国传统水墨绘画的特点。首先，使用3d技术模拟国画中的效果，画面强调用笔用墨的绘画性，表现画面中墨遇水的浓、淡、干、湿、焦特性，具有明显的水墨晕染的效果；其次，讲究意境之美。以抽象的元素来表达一种意境，传达物象的虚实与气韵；再次，在叙事内容上水墨动画通常结合中国传统文化，融入了中国特有的民族文化，将中国古典艺术所独有的淡雅、深邃的气质发挥得淋漓尽致。
二、三维水墨动画与传统水墨比较
计算机三维水墨动画在继承中国传统的水墨表现力上要弱些，这和它创作者和创作手法不同有关，三维水墨动画创作更多的是懂得计算机软件操作的制作者，而相对缺乏对于传统水墨绘画技法与风格的了解，并且整个动画作品的完成也脱离了传统的创作方式。而传统水墨动画它是基于艺术家的绘画艺术风格进行创作的，比如《小蝌蚪找妈妈》用的是齐白石的画意，《牧笛》取的是李可染的笔法，而《雁阵》掇的是贾又福的墨趣。所以三维水墨动画目前只是追求表面的形似，很难达到一种形神兼备的艺术效果。 水墨动画在其水墨画的属性中引入电影语言的概念，使其成为时空的艺术。因而它具有作为电影的审美元素，如景别、蒙太奇、长镜头、音响等。这些审美元素被动画家们加以利用，创造出符合人们观影思维的动画作品。分析传统的水墨动画镜头语言的表
现通常是固定镜头或者是推拉的方式，简单而又朴实。数字水墨动画由于其操作平台的改变，在创作过程中有了新的特点，对于镜头的运用更为丰富，可以表现在画面中游走纵深的空间表现，更多的使用些长镜头的效果，这种淡雅虚幻的空间流动中来表达一种诗意，在这种镜头空间的表现力上，三维水墨动画画面要比传统水墨画略胜一筹。 构图是水墨动画的一大特点。传统艺术的水墨画中对构图、色调、氛围等都是要求非常严格的，常出现大量的空白。用三维实现水墨效果当然也是要考虑到传统绘画艺术的构图，画面里的每一个元素的摆放位置都应该是经过思考的。三维技术严格的遵守西方的透视原则，而传统水墨画常用的是散点透视原则，因此应在这方面注意模型的空间设置，不是单纯的场景就能具有国画的意味，三维制作考虑到摄象机运动的变化，从而需满足整体运动水墨画的构图效果。
“动”是计算机三维水墨动画表现的一大特性，而“意”是传统水墨动画表现的内涵。目前，运用三维技术手段创作的中国水墨动画有《夏》、《河塘月色》、《气韵生动》等，这类三维水墨动画表现除了借鉴国画的意境外，更重要的表现了“动”的态势，《气韵生动》设计思路是表现一种写意国画的大气蓬勃，流动的线条，笔意苍劲有力，轻快的旋律，在画面留白之处，运用书法、诗词、印章等来补白，来体现出中国画独特的审美风格，加上晃动的摄象机的运动，产生了新的视觉艺术效果。
故事情节设置。水墨动画完全具有表现故事的能力，它的画面构成运用电影的时空观念，镜头画面设计等动画电影性的语言去演绎中国的水墨画，诠释一个耳目一新的水墨动画，水墨动画要发展，要前进，必须以电影的创作作为主导，以电影语言为陪衬，在进行画面构图时，运用色调、景深来呈现主体，并能拓展画面空间，增加画面信息量，使中国的水墨动画在世界动画界散发出让人惊叹的魅力。
三、 比较三维水墨动画与好莱坞三维动画
分析三维水墨动画与好莱坞的动画区别，从表现的题材来说，水墨动画叙事更多是表现山水写意虚幻的色彩，更具绘画性个人色彩，通过水墨的表现力将笔墨情趣与优美诗境融进了每一个画面里，笔墨是叙事意境的一种表现形式，无言中表现一切，含蓄而洒脱，意境深远，以叙事方式来揭示一个深刻的主题，包含了丰富的哲理和象征意义，使观者在欣赏的同时达到心灵上的共鸣。而好莱坞三维动画，通常以卡通人物或者拟人化的角色为叙事中心，景物衬托人物，画面讲究空间层次，色彩单纯而绚烂。
水墨动画作品对于竹、笛、琴、鹰、鱼、水等意象也颇为偏爱。大量地使用了古典水墨画中这些古老的意象,使得影片看起来充溢着古朴内敛的画境诗韵风格。好莱坞的三维动画创作更具电影观念和语言。
四、展望三维水墨动画创作前景与规划
水墨动画在故事内容和取材方面，其强烈的东方色彩不太适合来表现欧美故事，可以用来表现一些含有中国特色元素的情节设定，依托中国传统文化创作动画形式在当今完全还有潜力可以挖掘。
近几年国内电脑动画制作技术实力明显增强，电脑绘制背景技术已较为普及，三维和二维电脑动画迅猛，具备较为完善的制作体系。以完成的三维水墨动画短片如《夏》、《河塘月色》通过贴图材质，渲染方式，来模拟水墨风格，效果独特。但目前三维水墨动画还处于初级发展阶段，属于小成本规模的制作，故事情节展现也没有传统的水墨绘画来的有深度，如何更好的将各种先进动画技术与中国的传统文化结合表现水墨动画这特色，达到上世纪七八十年代传统水墨的辉煌，还有很多的地方需要改进。那么在新的环境下，如何提高自身的创作？
首先，开发符合自身创作环境的动画软件。任何硬件、软件技术的更新都是由于艺术家对于艺术创作的不断要求的提高而探索产生的，好莱坞的设计这一系列的制作环境更符合他们自身的创作内容。所以本国的动漫艺术要有所创新与发展必须提高自己的软件开发的能力。目前国内在水墨动画有正在开发的renderdancerv2.0水墨渲染引擎，具有调节笔、笔触、纸等符合水墨渲染特性的控制键来调节渲染，还是能够达到一个比较简单理想的效果。加强软件开发与应用，为艺术创作带来更多的便利，使制作环境更具有规模化、体系化。
其次，水墨动画的特点在于传达一种意境，如何叙述故事，是艺术创作的关键。水墨动画的表述通常缺乏语言，只通过单纯的与画面的结合来传达故事的内涵，故事的情节设置是需要推敲斟酌。三维制作环境为水墨动画制作提供了更为丰富创作手段，使动画叙述情节表现有更多的选择性。
再次，动漫制作的产业化。水墨动画是动画创作的一个分支，它的创作方式必须产业化规模化，这样才能制作出更为精练的艺术作品，早期的水墨动画创作在世界独树一帜的关键就是创作者投入大量的人力与精力。
五、结语
事实证明，只有将中国特有的传统艺术和动画手法相结合，才能做出具有独特中国民族个性的受欢迎的国产动画影片。传统水墨动画曾经一度取得过无数荣誉，但因固守旧形式与题材的贫瘠，已经无法符合现代人的审美需求，而水墨动画在中国动画片的形式上无仿无循。水墨动画创作在当前不应该衰退，这种中国特有的艺术形式应该被继承与发扬。水墨动画完全可以与现代三维技术相融合进行大胆的艺术创作，拓展与创新这种新的动画形式，使这种古老的艺术焕发新的生命力，让水墨动画得以独树于世界动画之林。