全面有效 学习载体
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训练六：感受真情 写好细节
【主题阐释】
因为真情，我们的心灵即便在寒冷的冬天也能感觉到温暖如春；因为真情，我们的情感即使蒙上岁月的风尘依然清澈明净。带着真情上路，用心体会他人、感受生活、感悟人生，以我笔写我心，真情面对人生。题目中的爱、感动、温馨、真情、温暖等词语，犹如一丝丝春天的细雨，滋润着每位考生的心田。
【真题展示】
1．[2014·泸州]请以“________不一样”为题目写一篇作文。
要求：(1)先将题目补充完整再作文；
(2)自定立意，自选文体(诗歌除外)；
(3)要有真情实感；
(4)不得抄袭、套作，不少于600字；
(5)不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
2．[2014·安顺]从下面两题中任选一题作文。
题目一：________的岁月
提示：先将题目补充完整，横线处可选填：“成长”“平凡”“阳光明媚”“挑战自我”“与亲人相处”等，也可选填其他，然后作文。
题目二：阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。
一位养蜂的农人，每次收完蜜后，总是随手采摘几片“野笸箩菜”的叶子，蘸上蜜，递给围观的孩子们，孩子们就愉快地吮吸着绿叶上的蜜汁。当他们要将吮吸干净的绿叶扔掉时，农人便笑着说：“把叶子扔到羊圈去吧。”孩子们不解，农人用慈祥的目光看着他们，说：“羊儿会从你们手中的叶子上品尝到甜蜜。”以后孩子们就不用农人提醒了，有的孩子还故意多留一些蜜汁，让羊儿与他们一起品尝蜜汁的甜美。
农人走了，一片片“野笸箩菜”的叶子却成了孩子们心中抹不去的最亮丽的
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风景。那片片叶子，使人明白了一个深刻的道理：“不要忘记送给别人一片爱的叶子，分享是一种美丽的行为！”
请以“分享是美丽的”为话题作文。
要求：(1)符合题意，中心明确，情感真实，语言通顺。
(2)除诗歌外，文体自选，字数不少于600字。
(3)题目或正文中不能出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
(4)不得抄袭试卷中的材料或他人作品。
3．[2014·德阳]阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。
文人自古伤离别，既有“莫愁前路无知己”的豁达赠言，也有“执手相看泪眼”的婆娑对望，还有“劝君更尽一杯酒”的且行且惜。现当代，有“作别西天的云彩”的轻轻挥手，也有“长亭外，古道边，芳草碧连天”的悠扬唱和。道别，总是有说不尽的话。
请以“与________道别”为题，写一篇600字左右的文章。
要求：(1)将题目补充完整；
(2)自定体裁，诗歌除外；
(3)文中不出现真实的校名、地名和人名。
4．[2014·成都]汪曾祺的《端午的鸭蛋》里，小小鸭蛋背后，生活的滋味令人回想；小思的《蝉》中，小小躯体里面，生命的执著让人感叹。生活中，“小”无处不在：小人物，小物件，小细节，小感受??对于这些“小”，有人忽略，有人在意；有人觉得平淡，有人看见深刻；有人认为应舍“小”求“大”，有人坚持安于“小”，做好“小”??
请以“小小的________”为题，写一篇文章。
要求：(1)先补全题目，然后作文；
(2)要有真情实感；
(3)自定立意，自选文体(诗歌除外)；
(4)不少于600字；
(5)不得抄袭、套作；
(6)不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
【题目解读】
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这四个题目都是饱含着真情的题目。第1题是一个没有提示语的半命题作文。我们需要将“不一样”具体化，可通过对横线上添加词语或短语来实现。如“就是不一样”“梦想一样，追梦不一样”“明天不一样”“我和别人不一样”“有种成功不一样”“这份爱不一样”“理解不一样”等；第2题选题作文，其中第一题是半命题作文，提示语给出了横线上选用内容的参考示例，第二题是给材料的话题作文，材料讲的是养蜂人将蘸了蜜的野笸箩菜叶子给孩子们吸吮，要求孩子将叶子扔给羊，结论句是“不要忘记送给别人一片爱的叶子，分享是一种美丽的行动”，它正好诠释了话题“分享是美丽的”的内涵；第3题是给材料的半命题作文，材料围绕“道别”，列举了古今道别时的不同情形和不同心境，以供横线上补充内容时参考；第4题是新材料作文，“小小的”这个叠词，给人轻松欢愉的感觉。鸭蛋虽小却意蕴丰富，从小中可以见大，在小物小事的细节中往往蕴含着生活的哲理。“小小的”可以是一件物品，可以是一次点头、一个微笑、一个善意的眼神、一句鼓励的话，可以是失败、挫折、困难、勇敢、坚强、成功，也可以是一份亲情、友情??可以写的点有很多，在“稳”的基础上力求“创新”，以小见大，从小中看到“小的价值”写出自己独特的人生体验和对生活的思考。
【写作指津】
本次作文的训练点为细节描写，在自己的写作训练中，要有意识地运用细节描写来丰富自己文章的内容。
细节是对人物和环境所进行的细微描写，一个好的细节，可以起到“窥一斑而略知全豹，以一目而尽传精神”的奇妙作用。那么，怎样才能写好细节呢？
一、细致观察、精心描摹
细节就好像电影中的特写镜头。我们要充分调动自己的五官感受，运用美术笔法，精工细笔，描画出事物的细微相貌和事件的细微进程。请看下面的描写：
在这样的工地上，仍可以看到这样一群人，他们衣衫破烂肮脏，并且全都光着膀子。宽大而裸露的肩膀在烈日暴晒下，红黑红黑的闪着鳝鱼般的光泽，成股的汗水顺着他们黝黑而微微泛黄的肌腱凹处流淌下来，这就是我们这些装卸工！其间有一个十多岁的少年，稚嫩而白皙的皮肤与他们组成一幅很不谐调的画面，使人很容易联想到列宾的油画《伏尔加河上的纤夫》中的少年——那就是我！
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全面有效 学习载体
如果没有细致的观察力和想象力，作者是描绘不出如此生动传神的场景的。
二、精心锤炼、生动传神
细节描写贵在生动、传神。在细节描写中，我们要精心锤炼词句，特别是在使用动词、形容词时要认真推敲一下，力求一字传神、一语惊人。请看下面的文字：
衣服是早就洗好了的，母亲把它们叠得板板正正，叠好后用手压了又压，按了又按，200元钱已经缝在了衣服的最里层，母亲还一再叮嘱要小心。
一个“叠”，一个“压”，一个“按”，一个“缝”，把母亲收拾行李的情形生动形象地再现了出来，在尺幅之间传达出母亲深沉的爱子之情。
三、浓墨重彩、营造意境
要想写好细节，还要善于把握情感发展的制高点，抓住动情点浓墨重彩地进行渲染烘托，定格瞬间的美丽，从而强化文章的感染力。请看下面的片段：
等我透过车窗向外看时，母亲竟还站在那儿。无情的寒风疯狂地撕扯着她的头巾，雪比刚才更大了。漫天的雪片将母亲迎风一侧的身躯涂成了白色，掺着雪片的白发凌乱地散在她的脸上。母亲就这样站着，一动不动地站着。我摆摆手示意母亲回去，此时我才发现，一向强健的母亲竟如此瘦弱、单薄，如茫茫沙漠中一株无助的梭梭草。
作者融情于景，联想自然，把母亲立在风雪中的形象写得栩栩如生，感人至深。
【例文引路】
[2014·广安]阅读下面几段文字，按要求作文。
正如未来不会凭空而来，往事也不会随风而逝，会在我们心中留下或深或浅的痕迹。
在喧嚣里凝神静气，在往事里浮想联翩，时光可以倒流，过往可以清晰，生活，也就突然拉伸丰润了许多。
往事不仅离我们不远，而且时常不经意冒出来，沟通着我们的今日和明日，牵引着我们的怀念和追求。
请你以“痕迹”为题目，写一篇不少于600字的文章，文体不限(诗歌除外)。文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。
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【题目解读】
这是一个给出提示语的命题作文。这种独词类命题作文，可抓住题目的多重涵义展开思路：作文材料的第一段诠释了“痕迹”的含义，第二、三段则指向“痕迹”的生活、成长等来源，意在引导我们拓展思路。可追忆往事，畅想人生，也可抒发感悟，表达愿景。
【佳作赏读】
痕 迹
爷爷常说：麦芒上顶着的日子，是割倒的生命；而人，是生命的痕迹。 小时候，丰收的六月里，爷爷会头扎一方巾帕，带着一家老小进入丰收的麦田。金黄的麦子就像失手打翻了颜料的绸缎，在风中荡漾，大把大把的绚丽，迷幻了人们的心与眼。爷爷站在田埂上，开始分配各自的主战场，而将最大的一块留给了自己。
爷爷是大家族的主心骨，黝黑的皮肤，精神的短寸，硬朗的身体。我确信爷爷这一辈子都不会死，就像门口的那株百年老树，老是老了些，虬劲的枝却支撑着半边天。可爷爷说，没有人能走过时间，扛过生命。走着走着人就老了，生命在身上留下印痕，老到齿牙动摇，目光呆滞，老到没有了梦，老到弯腰拣一块石头，都会气喘吁吁，最终被生命带走，永远也回不来。
后来，爷爷的胡茬变成了花白的胡须，一颤一颤的，像传说中的老神仙。脸上有了点点的褐斑，我怀疑，这是否就是生命的痕迹。这时，爷爷就会抚摸着我的头，爽朗地笑了：“哈哈，这才是生命的痕迹，不朽的杰作哩！”
又一年六月，爷爷一手拿着烟袋，一手牵着我走向麦田。他颤颤地掐一穗麦穗，揉碎，轻轻地吹去麦麸，拣一粒放在嘴里，细细嚼，慢慢品，若有所思。我牵了牵爷爷的衣角：“爷爷，看那儿。”麦田的尽头，金黄的麦晕出一片迷蒙的绚丽。爷爷指着远处：“飞过去。”一如当年分配战场的将军，让我觉得生命真的倒流。我便顺着田埂一路跑，胳膊张开，像春天的蝴蝶。我触碰到那成熟的麦芒，不似爷爷现在的胡须，倒像早年爷爷的胡茬，扎手硌人。
爷爷说，一个人，一辈子，总有走到头的路，总有迈不过的坎，所以啊，人得挺着。麦子躺在镰刀下，麦粒要扎进土里，天地万物人为尊，人却在一场雪后，一声不响地随着生命走远。
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全面有效 学习载体
这个世界，能留住人的不是房屋，能带走人的不是道路，生命无法伸出一只手，替我抓住过往的云。如果一切还能拾捡回来。爷爷，我要拾取你的笑容，脚步和风，用你的爱做灯油，用你的信念做捻子。我要点燃它，放到心里，一辈子珍藏。一如生命在脸上留下的道道印痕，终生难忘。
爷爷说，人是生命的痕迹，人扛不过生命。其实，生命扛不过人。因为我看到，辽远的大地上，麦子一季又一季的生长，那是生命的暗流，在汩汩地涌动??
【点评】 这篇文章细节感人至深，特别是对爷爷的肖像、动作、神态和语言的描写使爷爷的形象血肉丰满。文章温婉如溪流，没有波澜壮阔，无声无息流过心田，让我们认识到一个可亲可敬的爷爷。爷爷坚强、慈爱，在生命中衰老，却带给我无尽的激励，让我深深地怀念。本来生命流逝的话题容易给人留下伤感的味道，然而文章却给人一种力量，“其实，生命扛不过人”。观点新颖，乐观，指引我们不断地奋斗、前行。
【类题演练】
1．[2014·枣庄]题目：那一段美好的时光
要求：(1)写一篇600字左右的文章。
(2)文体不限(诗歌除外)。
(3)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。
2．[2014·长沙]从下面两个题目中任选一个，写一篇文章。
题目(一)：那份不一样的真情
要求：(1)文体自选(诗歌除外)，不少于600字；
(2)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名；
(3)卷面整洁，字迹清楚。
3．[2014·雅安]阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。
生活中，感动无处不在。一个人，一件事，一次经历，一本书或一处美景，往往都让我们感动不已。快乐的，我们热血沸腾；苦痛的，我们潸然泪下??感动给我们心灵以巨大冲击，给我们灵魂以深度触动，它让我们终生难忘。
请你以“感动”为题目作文。
要求：(1)立意自定，中心明确；
(2)文体自选(诗歌除外)；
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全面有效 学习载体
(3)综合运用各种表达方式；
(4)文中不得涉及任何个人信息(如个人姓名、所在学校、带有暗示性的地域特点)；
(5)用规范汉字书写，卷面整洁，不少于600字。
4．[2014·河南]读下面的材料，然后作文。
土
附着在大地上，
就是土壤。
飘浮在半空中，
只能是尘埃。
要求：(1)根据材料寓意，选好角度，自拟题目。
(2)除诗歌外，文体不限。600字左右。
(3)文中不得出现真实的人名、校名、地名。
关闭Word文档返回原板块。
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第二篇：事实细节
20xx年浙江卷
48．When the environmental symbol of Beijing Olympics was made public?
A．On January 23, 2005. B．On September 24, 2005.
C．On February 5, 2007. D．On March 11, 2007.
49．Which of the following websites is designed for young researchers interested in the Olympics?
A．Environment
B．Green Olympics Forum In Beijing 2004
C．Olympic Games Quizzes and Olympic Games Trivia
D．OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE OLYMPIC MOVEMENT
50．Which website provides a complete list of the winners in the Olympic Games?
A．Olympic—Modern Olympic Games
B．Green Olympics Forum In Beijing 2004
C．Environmental Symbol of Beijing Olympics —‘Green Olympics’
D．Ancient Olympic Heritage and Modern Olympic Games in Athens 2004
51．What do we learn from the above web page?
A．Beijing has made efforts to improve its air quality.
B．The Olympic torch relay route has not been planned.
C．The Olympic flag will be on display in Athens.
D．A quiz on the Olympics will be held in Beijing.
20xx年广东卷
C
Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic（寄生虫引起的） disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't （or can't） seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect （感染）. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.
51．According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.
A．they are too poor B．it is unusual to seek care
C．they can remain unaffected for long
D．there are too many people suffering from the disease
52．People suffering from malaria___.
A．have to kill female mosquitoes B．have ability to defend parasites
C．have their red blood cells infected D．have sudden fever, followed by chills
53．Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?
A．Its resistance to global warming. B．Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C．Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
D．Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
54．It can be inferred from the passage that___.
A．no drugs have been found to treat the disease
B．the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people
C．malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites
D．nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease
55．Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?
A．How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B．How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C．Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?
D．What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?
20xx年湖南卷
B
Welcome to my Message Board!
Subject: Slimming down classics?
Mr.
Handsome
2007-5-12
6：34 AM Orion Books, which decides there is a market in creating cut-down classics （经典著作）, is slimming down some novels by such great writers as L. Tolstoy, M. Mitchell and
C．Bronte. Now, each of them has been whittled down to about 400 pages by cutting 30 to 40 pages per cent of original, with words, sentences, paragraphs and, in a few cases, chapters removed．The first six shortened editions, all priced at ￡6.99 and advertised as great reads “in half the time”, will go on sale next month, with plans for 50 to 100 more to follow. The publishing house believes that modern readers will welcome the shorter versions.
Mr.
Edwards
2007-5-12
9：40 AM Well, I?m publisher of Orion Group. Thanks for your attention, Mr. Handsome.
I must say, the idea developed from a game of “shame” in my office. Each of us was required to confess （承认） to the most embarrassing blanks in his or her reading. I admitted that I had never read Anna Karenina and tried but failed to get through gone with the Wind several times. One of my colleagues acknowledged skipping （跳读） Jane Eyre. We realized that life is too short to read all the books you want to and we never were going to read these ones.
As a leading publishing house, we are trying to make classics convenient for readers but it?s not as if we?re withdrawing the original versions. They are still there if you want to read them. Ms. Weir
2007-5-12
11:35 AM I?m director of the online book club www.lovereading.co.uk
Mr. Edwards, I think your shortened editions is a breath of fresh air. I?m guilty of never having read Anna Karenina, because it?s just so long. I?d much rather read two 300-page books than one 600-page book. I am looking forward to more shortened classics!
Mr.
Crockatt
2007-5-12
4:38 PM I?m from the London independent bookshop Corckatt & Powell.
In my opinion, the practice is completely ridiculous. How can you edit the classics? I?m afraid reading some of these books are hard work, and that is why you have to develop as a reader. If people don?t have time to read Anna Karenina, then fine. But don?t read a shortened version and kid yourself it?s the real thing.
60．According to the message board, Orion Books ___________.
A．opposes the reading of original classics B．is embarrassed for cutting down classics
C．thinks cut-down classics have a bright future
D．is cautions in its decision to cut down classics
61．In Mr. Edwards’ opinion, Orion Group is shortening classics to _________.
A．make them easier to read B．meet a large demand in the market
C．increase the sales of literary books D．compete with their original versions
62．By describing the shortened classics as "a breath of fresh air", Ms. Weir ________.
A．speaks highly of the cut-down classics B．shows her love for original classics
C．feels guilty of not reading the classics D．disapprove of shortening the classics
63．Mr. Crockatt seems to imply that _________.
A．reading the classic works is a confusing attempt
B．shortening the classics does harm to the original
C．publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult job
D．editing the classic works satisfies children?s needs
20xx年全国卷Ⅰ
B
Many animals recognize their food because they see it. So do humans. When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate you know that these are things you can eat. You can also use other senses when you choose your food. You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good. You may dislike some types of food because they do not look, smell or taste very nice. Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food. A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.
Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type. The giant panda（大熊猫）eats only one particular type of bamboo（竹子）. Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice. A kind of white butterfly（蝴蝶）will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden. However, most animals have a more varied diet（多样化饮食）. The bear eats fruits and fish. The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits. The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.
Humans have a very varied diet. We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us. In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with too much sugar. This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health. Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for the health. Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.
60. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _________.
A. depend on one sense in choosing food B. are not satisfied with their food
C. choose food in similar ways D. eat entirely different food
61. Which of the following eats only one type of food?
A. The white butterfly. B. The small bird.
C. The bear. D. The fox.
62. Certain animals change their choice of food when ___________.
A. the season changes B. the food color changes
C. they move to different places D. they are attracted by different smells
63. We can learn from the last paragraph that __________.
A. food is chosen for a good reason B. French and British food is good
C. some people have few choices of food D. some people care little about healthy diet
20xx年全国卷Ⅰ
A
It was a winter morning, just a couple of weeks before Christmas 2005. While most people were warming up their cars, Trevor, my husband, had to get up early to ride his bike four kilometers away from home to work. On arrival, he parked his bike outside the back door as he usually does. After putting in 10 hours of labor, he returned to find his bike gone.
The bike, a black Kona 18 speed, was our only transport. Trevor used it to get to work, putting in 60-hour weeks to support his young family. And the bike was also used to get groceries（食品杂货），saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.
I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.
People say that a smile can be passed from one person to another, but acts of kindness from strangers are even more so. This experience has had a spreading effect in our lives because it strengthened our faith in humanity（人性）as a whole. And it has influenced（影响）us to be more mindful of ways we, too, can share with others. No matter how big or how small, an act of kindness shows that someone cares. And the results can be everlasting.
56. Why was the bike so important to the couple?
A. The man’s job was bike racing. B. It was their only possession.
C. It was a nice Kona 18 speed. D. They used it for work and daily life.
57. We can infer from the text that ____________.
A. the couple worked 60 hours a week. B. people were busy before Christmas
C. the stranger brought over the bike D. life was hard for the young family.
58. How did people get to know the couple’s problem?
A. From radio broadcasts. B. From a newspaper.
C. From TV news. D. From a stranger.
59. What does the couple learn from their experience?
A. Strangers are usually of little help. B. One should take care of their bike.
C. News reports make people famous. D. An act of kindness can mean a lot.
20xx年上海
B
（You may read the questions first.）
SCREENGRABS
BBC1
PLANET EARTH
9PM
Fresh Water provides an expansive subject for the third programme in the BBC?s fascinating new natural history series. Broadly, we investigate the world?s lakes and rivers and the creatures which inhabit them. Thus we visit the deepest lake on the planet, Lake Baikal in Siberia. We observe large colonies of Indian smooth-coated otters （above） looking around. A magical series which gives us a real sense of context in relation to the planet we inhabit.
BBC2
FAMILY GUY
11.45PM
Road to Europe. Without proper identification, Brian and Stewie stow away on a plane they think is leaving for England. They?re wrong, and soon they?re in Saudi Arabia （Brian：“Oh my God, we are finished. We are lost in the desert.”） at the beginning of a long trip home.
ITV1
AGATHA CHRISTIE?S POIROT
9PM
Cards on the Table, Tonight?s mystery concerns the death of one of London?s richest and most mysterious men, Mr Shaitana （Alexander Siddig）, who has a fascination with crime. Shaitana hosts dinner and a game of bridge in his apartment, but when the time comes for the first guests to take their leave, they discover that their host has been stabbed through the heart.
CHANNEL4
THE GAMES： LIVE
9PM
For the first time on The Games, the men fight in a Kendo tournament, using 1.2 m shinai （Bamboo-swords）. The women compete in the cycling, racing wheel-to-wheel on competition bike with no brakes. Plus other news from the English Institute of Sport in Sheffield.
69．The Fresh Water series at 9 PM _________.
A．explores the lakes, rivers and the creatures in them
B．is devoted to the freshwater creatures in the world
C．explains the relationship among inhabitants on the earth
D．focuses on the deepest river on the planet
70．The phrase “stow away” most probably means“ _________ ”
A．hide secretly B．talk excitedly C．operate easily D．guide successfully
71．A mystery story adapted from Agatha Christie’s novel will be shown on ________.
A．BBC1 B．BBC2 C．ITV1 D．Channel 4
20xx年全国卷Ⅱ
C
Odiand remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.
Thirty years have passed, but Odiand can' t get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman' a kind reaction（反应）. She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odiand, “It?s OK. It wasn?t your fault. " When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO （总裁） with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.
Odiand isn't the only CEO to have made this discovery. Rather, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It?s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.
Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, " I could buy this place and fire you," or "I know the owner and I could have you fired. " Those who say such things have shown more about their character （人品） than about their wealth and power.
The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson's Unwritten Rules of Management.
"A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person," Swan-son says. " I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables. "
49. What happened after Odiand dropped the ice cream onto the woman’s dress?
A. He was fired. B. He was blamed.
C. The woman comforted him. D. The woman left the restaurant at once.
50. Odiand learned one of his life lessons from ______.
A. his experience as a waiter B. the advice given by the CEOs
C. an article in Fortune D. an interesting best-selling book
51. According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about _______.
A. Fortune 500 companies B. the Management Rules
C. Swanson' s book D. the Waiter Rule
52. From the text we can learn that _______.
A. one should be nicer to important people
B. CEOs often show their power before others
C. one should respect others no matter who they are
D. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants
20xx年北京卷
A
EXERCISE IN EXACTLU 4 MINUTES PER DAY!
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56. What is ROM?
A. A piece of exercise equipment B. A club membership card
C. A commercial health club D. An electric wheelchair
57. How many people bought ROM after trying it out?
A. 92% B. 88% C. 97% D. 90%
58. One setting point of ROM is that ____
A. it makes full body exercise possible in 4 minutes
B. it can kill back and shoulder pains in 10 minutes
C. it needs no repair in the first 20years
D. it is sold on a 3-month trial basis
59. The advertisement is made believable by ___
A. telling stories B. using figures
C. making comparisons D. asking questions