《弟子规》读书笔记

李代友

《弟子规》这本书是人们的生活规范，依据至圣先师孔子的教诲编写而成，教导学生为人处世的规范，做到与经典同行为友。“弟子”是指一切圣贤人的弟子，“规”“夫见”意思是大丈夫的见解。所以是每个人，每一个学习圣贤经典，效仿圣贤的人都应该学的。《弟子规》是儒家的基础，人性的基础。仔细阅读《弟子规》就会发现从中得到的东西会使我们受益一生。

人生在世，品行不是天生的，它须在幼小的时候开始培养。《弟子规》中要求我们先端正品德。其中包括孝、悌、礼、仁、忠等。在做到这些后，它又教了我们一些学习方法，不但要认真学，还要实践，这样才能真正地读好书，成为有用之才

首先是“入则孝”，这里主要是教育我们要孝顺父母、亲人。他们所说的，所做的都是为了我们好，所以无论如何，我们都应当听从他们的教诲。还有就是，不管他们爱不爱我们，我们都要用自己的真心去爱他们。因为，毕竟是他们生下了我们，养大了我们，我们总不能忘记养育之恩吧?更何况弟子规里面也有写到“亲爱我，孝何难，亲憎我，孝方贤。”它的意思是：不管父母、亲人爱不爱你，你都要尽你做人的孝道，尊敬父母、亲人。

其次是“出则悌”，它是教我们怎么和别人相处的。比如“兄道友，弟道恭，兄弟睦，孝在中。”意思是：兄弟朋友要互相尊敬，要和睦，如果不和睦，父母就要为你们操心，和睦，就少了父母亲的一份担忧，就等于是孝敬父母了。所以，我们一定要和兄弟姐妹们和谐相处，这样我们的父母看了才会从心里面为我们感到高兴，我们也会因此更快乐的。

“谨”，我们生活中做什么事，时时刻刻都要谨慎。俗话说：无规矩，不成方圆。穿衣服要系钮扣，要整洁，还要符合自己的身份;喝酒要适量，不要喝醉了，否则容易被别人“说闲话”。尤其是不应该在背后谈论人家的长短，这样是不好的，也是不道德的。人不要自私，要大方，不计较小事，这样人也会变得很快乐。

“信”即诚信待人，答应他人的事情，一定要遵守承诺，没有能力做到的事不能随便答应，至于欺骗或花言巧语，更不能使用。另外任何事情在没有看到真相之前，不要轻易发表意见。看见他人的优点或善行义举，要立刻想到学习看齐，纵然目前能力相差很多，也要下定决心，逐渐赶上。看见别人的缺点或不良的行为，要反躬自省，检讨自 1

己是否也有这些缺失，有则改之，无则加勉。每一个人都应当重视自己的品德、学问、和才能技艺的培养，如果感觉到有不如人的地方，应当自我惕励奋发图强。至于外表穿著，或者饮食不如他人，则不必放在心上，更没有必要忧虑自卑。

“泛爱众”即众人平等，不分族群、人种、宗教信仰，皆须相亲相爱。当他人有困难时，应尽自己的全力去帮助他，不要自私自利。另外要尊重他人，己所不欲，勿施于人。要设身处地为别人著想。

“亲仁”，代表仁慈、亲仁。对外人仁慈，对亲人仁慈，对朋友仁慈，对同事仁慈?现在什么人都有，但有几个是做到“仁”的?俗话说的好，人无完人吗!只要我们尽量做好自己应做的，至于别人怎么说，那就是他们的事情了!

最后是“余力学文”，中国文化博大精深。学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆，它值得我们全心全力去研读，读书的时候要注重三到，眼到、口到、心到。还要不耻下问，要心平气和，要温故知新，如此才能读好书并从中取得最大收益。

读完《弟子规》后，再衡量一下自己的品行，确实有一定的差距。单在孝方面就觉得做的远远不够，虽然没有做过对父母不住的大事，但对他们也没有尽过多少孝心，反而他们对我千衣百顺，照顾到家，我想得到的东西，想方设法地满足我。父母为自己所做的一切都觉得应该的，有时，父母过于关心自己，哆嗦了几句，反而责骂他们，讨厌他们，那多不应该啊!作为子女，应按《弟子规》所讲的“父母呼，应勿缓;父母命，行勿懒。父母教，须敬听;父母责，须顺承。”最起码做到这些，才能对得住苦养自己成人的父母。

我想，一个人活着就要讲点道德，有点品位，这才赢得别人的赏识。而《弟子规》中所讲的道理，正是教人伦理纲常的最基本的常识。《弟子规》的实质是孝在先，友爱兄弟姐妹，对己谨信，对人仁爱，有能力在学习知识。至于其中的实际做法，我们能做的，去做，不适应现在社会的方式，我们不求表面，但求心安。因此，《弟子规》的精髓不是多么的让我们一般人望尘莫及，而是时时刻刻在我们周围，时时刻刻在我们日常生活当中，你不按照这个方式做事做人，一定寸步难行。因为这是我们中国人的精神文化，是我们传统道德观。

我想，一个人活着就要讲点道德有点品位，这才赢得别人的赏识。而《弟子规》中所讲的道理，正是教人伦理纲常的最基本的常识。

我想，一个人活着就要讲点道德有点品位，这才赢得别人的赏识。而《弟子规》中所讲的道理，正是教人伦理纲常的最基本的常识。

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第二篇：读书笔记4

Wuhan Institute of Technology

读 书 笔 记

书 目 名 称 The Great Gatsby 起 止 页 码 120-194

姓 名 邓林 班 级 2014级英语2班 学 号 1410010406 指 导 教 师 陈珩 所 在 学 院 外语学院

20xx年5月

On Cross-cultural Communication Chapter 7 brings the conflict between Tom and Gatsby into the open, and their confrontation over Daisy brings to the surface troubling aspects of both characters. Throughout the previous chapters, hints have been accumulating about Gatsby’s criminal activity. Research into the matter confirms Tom’s suspicions, and he wields his knowledge of Gatsby’s illegal activities in front of everyone to disgrace him. Likewise, Tom’s sexism and hypocrisy become clearer and more obtrusive during the course of the confrontation. He has no moral qualms about his own extramarital affairs, but when faced with his wife’s infidelity, he assumes the position of outraged victim.

The importance of time and the past manifests itself in the confrontation between Gatsby and Tom. Gatsby’s obsession with recovering a blissful past compels him to order Daisy to tell Tom that she has never loved him. Gatsby needs to know that she has always loved him, that she has always been emotionally loyal to him. Similarly, pleading with Daisy, Tom invokes their intimate personal history to remind her that she has had feelings for him; by controlling the past, Tom eradicates Gatsby’s vision of the future. That Tom feels secure enough to send Daisy back to East Egg with Gatsby confirms Nick’s observation that Gatsby’s dream is dead.

Gatsby’s decision to take the blame for Daisy demonstrates the deep love he still feels for her and illustrates the basic nobility that defines his character. Disregarding her almost capricious lack of concern for him, Gatsby sacrifices himself for Daisy. The image of a pitiable Gatsby keeping watch outside her house while she and Tom sit comfortably within is an indelible image that both allows the reader to look past Gatsby’s criminality and functions as a moving metaphor for the love Gatsby feels toward Daisy. Nick’s parting from Gatsby at the end of this chapter parallels his first sighting of Gatsby at the end of Chapter 1. In both cases, Gatsby stands alone in the moonlight pining for Daisy. In the earlier instance, he stretches his arms out toward the green light across the water, optimistic about the future. In this instance, he has made it past the green light, onto the lawn of Daisy’s house, but his dream is gone forever.

Gatsby’s recounting of his initial courting of Daisy provides Nick an opportunity to analyze Gatsby’s love for her. Nick identifies Daisy’s aura of wealth and privilege—her many clothes, perfect house, lack of fear or worry—as a central component of Gatsby’s attraction to her. The reader has already seen that Gatsby idolizes both wealth and Daisy. Now it becomes clear that the two are intertwined in Gatsby’s mind. Nick implicitly suggests that by making the shallow, fickle Daisy the focus of his life, Gatsby surrenders his extraordinary power of visionary hope to the simple task of amassing wealth. Gatsby’s dream is reduced to a motivation for material gain because the object of his dream is unworthy of his power of dreaming, the quality that makes him “great” in the first place.

In this way, Gatsby continues to function as a symbol of America in the 1920s, which, as Fitzgerald implies throughout the novel’s exploration of wealth, has become vulgar and empty as a result of subjecting its sprawling vitality to the greedy pursuit of money. Just as the American dream—the pursuit of happiness—has degenerated into a quest for mere wealth, Gatsby’s powerful dream of happiness with Daisy has become the motivation for lavish excesses and criminal activities.

Although the reader is able to perceive this degradation, Gatsby is not. For him, losing Daisy is like losing his entire world. He has longed to re-create his past with her and is now forced to talk to Nick about it in a desperate attempt to keep it alive. Even after the confrontation with Tom, Gatsby is unable to accept that his dream is dead. Though Nick implicitly understands that Daisy is not going to leave Tom for Gatsby under any circumstance, Gatsby continues to insist that she will call him.

Throughout this chapter, the narrative implicitly establishes a connection between the weather and the emotional atmosphere of the story. Just as the geographical settings of the book correspond to particular characters and themes, the weather corresponds to the plot. In the previous chapter, Gatsby’s tension-filled confrontation with Tom took place on the hottest day of the summer, beneath a fiery and intense sun. Now that the fire has gone out of Gatsby’s life with Daisy’s decision to remain with Tom, the weather suddenly cools, and autumn creeps into the air—the gardener even wants to drain the pool to keep falling leaves from clogging the drains. In the same way that he clings to the hope of making Daisy love him the way she used to, he insists on swimming in the pool as though it were still summer. Both his downfall in Chapter 7 and his death in Chapter 8 result from his stark refusal to accept what he cannot control: the passage of time.

Gatsby has made Daisy a symbol of everything he values, and made the green light on her dock a symbol of his destiny with her. Thinking about Gatsby’s death, Nick suggests that all symbols are created by the mind—they do not possess any inherent meaning; rather, people invest them with meaning. Nick writes that Gatsby must have realized “what a grotesque thing a rose is.” The rose has been a conventional symbol of beauty throughout centuries of poetry. Nick suggests that roses aren’t inherently beautiful, and that people only view them that way because they choose to do so. Daisy is “grotesque” in the same way: Gatsby has invested her with beauty and meaning by making her the object of his dream. Had Gatsby not imbued her with such value, Daisy would be simply an idle, bored, rich young woman with no particular moral strength or loyalty.

Likewise, though they suggest divine scrutiny both to the reader and to Wilson, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are disturbing in part because they are not the eyes of God. They have no precise, fixed meaning. George Wilson takes Doctor T. J. Eckleburg’s eyes for the all-seeing eyes of God and derives his misguided belief that Myrtle’s killer must have been her lover from that inference. George’s assertion that the eyes represent a moral standard, the upholding of which means that he must avenge Myrtle’s death, becomes a gross parallel to Nick’s desire to find a moral center in his life. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg can mean anything a character or

reader wants them to, but they look down on a world devoid of meaning, value, and beauty—a world in which dreams are exposed as illusions, and cruel, unfeeling men such as Tom receive the love of women longed for by dreamers such as Gatsby and Wilson.

Nick thinks of America not just as a nation but as a geographical entity, land with distinct regions embodying contrasting sets of values. The Midwest, he thinks, seems dreary and pedestrian compared to the excitement of the East, but the East is merely a glittering surface—it lacks the moral center of the Midwest. This fundamental moral depravity dooms the characters of The Great Gatsby—all Westerners, as Nick observes—to failure. The “quality of distortion” that lures them to the East disgusts Nick and contributes to his decision to move back to Minnesota. There is another significance to the fact that all of the major characters are Westerners, however. Throughout American history, the West has been seen as a land of promise and possibility—the very emblem of American ideals. Tom and Daisy, like other members of the upper class, have betrayed America’s democratic ideals by perpetuating a rigid class structure that excludes newcomers from its upper reaches, much like the feudal aristocracy that America had left behind. Gatsby, alone among Nick’s acquaintances, has the audacity and nobility of spirit to dream of creating a radically different future for himself, but his dream ends in failure for several reasons: his methods are criminal, he can never gain acceptance into the American aristocracy (which he would have to do to win Daisy), and his new identity is largely an act. It is not at all clear what Gatsby’s failure says about the dreams and aspirations of Americans generally, but Fitzgerald’s novel certainly questions the idea of an America in which all things are possible if one simply tries hard enough.

The problem of American dreams is closely related to the problem of how to deal with the past. America was founded through a dramatic declaration of independence from its own past—its European roots—and it promises its citizens the potential for unlimited advancement, regardless of where they come from or how poor their backgrounds are. Gatsby’s failure suggests that it may be impossible for one to disown one’s past so completely. There seems to be an impossible divide separating Gatsby and Daisy, which is certainly part of her allure for him. This divide clearly comes from their different backgrounds and social contexts.

Throughout the novel, Nick’s judgments of the other characters are based in the values that he inherited from his father, the moral “privileges” that he refers to in the opening pages. Nick’s values, so strongly rooted in the past, give him the ability to make sense out of everything in the novel except for Gatsby. In Nick’s eyes, Gatsby embodies an ability to dream and to escape the past that may ultimately be impossible, but that Nick cherishes and values nonetheless. The Great Gatsby represents Nick’s struggle to integrate his own sense of the importance of the past with the freedom from the past envisioned by Gatsby.