大学英语四级考试汉译英部分专项练习
虚拟语气
1. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around (我的家乡四季如春)
1. If you had not run the red light, the accident would not have happened(事故就不会发生了)
2. John couldn’t have known the news, otherwise he would have sent his application.
(否则他早发出申请了)
3. but for his help, we could not have rent a house at such a low price. (我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了)
4.It was necessary that more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area. (在居民区设立更多的流动商店)
倒装
1. It annoyed him that no sooner had he got on the bus than he found he forget to take the wallet with him. (他刚
上车，就发现忘了带钱包)
2. Not until he was showed all evidence（直到所有的证据都摆在他面前）did he confess his crime.
3. Were I in your position, I would size the opportunity without hesitation我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会)
4. Not only did they present a musical performance (他们不仅做了音乐表演), but they also gave a brief
introduction to the history of Western brass instruments.
5.Only after the accident did he have his car inspected carefully. (他才让人对他的车进行了仔细地检查).
时态和语态
1.By the end of that year, Henry had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps. (已收集了一千多张外国邮票)
2.I suppose by the time I come back from abroad all those old houses will have been pulled down(将被拆除)
3.If you get into a bath full of water(进入一个装满水的浴缸), some of the water will overflow onto the floor.
4. A broad scientific census says that the earth is experiencing significant global warming (地球气候正在明显变暖).
5. it had been raining for two days（接连下了两天大雨）and the ground was very wet.
从句
1. Mary often attempts to escape being fired whenever she breaks the traffic regulations(每当她违反交通规则的时候).
2. What seems confusing at first（开始看起来模糊不清的事情）might well become clear and organic a third time.
3. The man was left on an isolated island where he stayed for as long as half a year.
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(他在那里待了半年之久)
4. I’ve already told you that I’m going to buy it, no matter how much it costs
(无论花多少钱)
5.I’ll accept any job as long as I don’t have to get up early（只要无须早起）.
非谓语动词
1.Mark often attempts to escape being scolded by his mother(逃避母亲的责骂)whenever he does something wrong.
2. The new government was accused of failure to fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment rate (实现其降低失业率的承诺)
3. In order to finance my education（为了挣钱供我上学），mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
4. He denied having peeked at his neighbors’ test paper (偷看了同桌的试卷)
5. I don’t mind your delaying making the decision(你迟作决定) as long as it is not too late.
情态动词
1. you needn’t have put on your best suit(其实你没必要穿上你最好的套装) to go to the party; most of the
guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
2. Mary couldn’t have found her car（玛丽一定还没有找回她的车）,for she came to work by bus this morning.
3. The phone is ringing, but there is no answer. she can’t be at home(她一定不在家)
4. This film should have a fantastic box office(这部影片应该会有很好的票房收入) as it is starring first –class
actors.
5. You screamed in your sleep last night, you must have dreamed of something terrible(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了)
主谓一致
1. All the members except Tom vote for my proposal(都投票赞成我的建议)to set up a branch office in the
suburbs, which satisfies me greatly.
2. I think either you or he is not telling the truth(不是你就是他没有讲实话)
3. Many a student has realized the importance of learning a foreign language
(已经意识到学习一门外语的重要性).
4.The committee have been discussing the problem(一直在讨论那个问题) among themselves for many years.
并列结构
1. I was advised either to telephone or to write the hotel for reservations.（或者打电话，或者写信给该旅馆订房）
2.Fertilizers are used primarily to enrich the soil and (to ) increase the production(提高产量)
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3.He neither knows nor cares what happened to her(也不关心她发生了什么事)
4. It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes(而是历史创造了英雄)
5. They not only broke into his office, but(also) tore up his manuscripts.
(而且撕碎了他的手稿)
祈使句
1.To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address(按以下地址和我们联系)
2. If you want to keep the flower from dying, remember to water it everyday
(要记得每天给它浇水).
3. 3. Follow your doctor’s advice(听医生的话)，or your cough will get worse.
4. Please turn down the music (把音乐声调小一点); the children are sleeping.
5. Let’s find a place to shelter from the rain(我们找个地方躲雨吧)， or we’ll get wet.
强调句型
1. Many people think that physical exercise does contribute directly to a person’s health（体育锻炼的确直接有助于身体健康）。
2. It’s your ability to do the job that matters most(你的工作能力才是最重要的)，not where you come from or what you are.
3. It was Jefferson who wrote(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.
4. Many people do not realize that it is the regular use of physical punishment（正是这种经常性的体罚）that lays the groundwork for child abuse.
对比和比较结构
1. The destruction of buildings and houses is not as /so widespread as was initially worried about (并不像原先担心的那样广泛), and varies from village to village.
2. The more he explains it, the more I find this plan difficult to put into practice
(我越觉得这个计划难以实现)
3. We all know that money is as precious to him as his life(对他来说钱就像生命一样珍贵).
4. ___________________________________(我口袋里只有五元钱)， so it’s really a problem for me to buy the candy.
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5. The buildings look far/much uglier in London than here(在伦敦比在这儿难看得多).
表示倍数的句式
1. the new building’s area will be twice that of the old one (将是旧楼的两倍).
2. the output of this year increased by 50% compared with that of last year (与去年相比增加了50%)
3. Although he eats less, his weight is three times that of mine/ he is three times as heavy as me (他的体重却是
我的三倍)
4. This substance reacts three times as fast as that one/ reacts twice faster than that one
(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
5.In such cases, the probability that women quit the job is three times lager than that of men(比男性辞职的可能
性大三倍).
动名词的固定结构
1. we all could not help laughing（我们都忍不住笑起来）when he finished the story.
2. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had difficulty(in)keeping up with his classmates(很难跟上班里的学生).
3. What a lovely party! It’s worth remembering all my life (我牢记一生).
4. Although I’m a foreigner in German, I have no difficulty(in )expressing myself correctly(我毫不费力地表达
了自己的意思).
5.It is time the whole society began to take action to prevent/save our environment from being destructed(使我们
的环境免于毁灭).
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大学英语四级考试汉译英部分专项练习答案解析
虚拟语气
2. 答案： it were spring in my hometown all the year around
解析：wish后的that从句表示没有实现或不可能实现的愿望，that常常省略。当表示对现在的愿望时，从句谓语动词用were或实义动词的过去式。
3. 答案：the accident would not have happened
解析：if 条件句中的过去完成时态和句意表明，此处使用了虚拟语气，表示对过去事实的假设。所以主句谓语动词应该用would have done的形式。
4. 答案： otherwise he would have sent his application.
解析：前半句中的couldn’t have known 是对过去情况的否定推测， 后面的“否则”是对过去的一种假设，故后面主句的谓语动词应用would have done的形式。
5. 答案：we could not have rent a house at such a low price.
解析：but for意为：“要是没有……”,常用来引出虚拟条件，相当于if虚拟条件句。从句意可知，“租到房子”是过去的事实，故主句的谓语动词应用could/would have done的形式, 此处用它的否定形式。
5. 答案：more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area.
解析：在“It is /was +形容词+that从句” 结构中，当形容词表示重要性、必要性或某种意愿时，后接从
句时谓语动词往往要用should do 的形式，被动语态要用should be done且should 常省略。常见的这类形容词有：advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, necessary, important, imperative, impossible, incredible, obligatory, proper, vital, urgent等。
倒装
1. 答案：had he got on the bus than he found he forget to take the wallet with him.
解析：no sooner…than和 hardly/scarcely…when都表示“刚一……就……”
no sooner 或 hardly/scarcely位于句首时，紧跟其后的句子应采用部分倒装。
注意在该句型中，主句中一般使用过去完成时，从句中一般用一般过去时。此外，表示“忘记去做某事”时forget后面应该接不定式。
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2. 答案: Not until he was showed all evidence
解析：not …until意为“直到……时，才……”为了起到强调作用，经常将not until提前，此时句子就要用部分倒装。
3. 答案：I would size the opportunity without hesitation
解析：分析句子结构可知，该句是省略了if的条件虚拟句的倒装结构，从句是对现在情况的假设，故汉语部分的谓语动词应用would/could +do。
4. 答案：did they present a musical performance
解析：当表示否定的词语谓语句首时，该句应采用部分倒装。类似的表示否定的词语有：not, never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, little等。
5. 答案：did he have his car inspected carefully.
解析： “only+状语”提前引起部分倒装。表示“让别人完成某事” 一般用 have sth .done的结构。
时态和语态
1. 答案：had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
解析：the end of that year是过去时间， 再加上by可知是过去某一时间以前完成的，所以应用过去完成
时。
2. 答案：will have been pulled down
解析：根据时间状语by the time+表示将来时间的句子可知，此处表示“到将来某个时间为止的情况”，
故应用将来完成时。此处需要用被动语态。
1. 答案：you get into a bath full of water
解析:在引导的条件状语从句中， 如果主句用将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
4. 答案：the earth is experiencing significant global warming
解析：所给汉语部分中的“正在”此处应用进行时态，且主句中用的是一般现在时，故所给汉语部分应用现在进行时。
5. 答案：it had been raining for two days
解析：and后的分句中的was提示所给汉语部分的时态应为过去时。“下雨”这一动作从过去更早时间
持续到现在某一时刻，故应用过去完成进行时。
从句
1. 答案：whenever she breaks the traffic regulations
解析：所给汉语部分的“每当……. 时候”，也含有“不论何时”之意，所以此处的连词最好用whenever 6
2. 答案：What seems confusing at first
解析：分析句子结构可知，所给汉语部分在句中作主语；what 引导的主语从句常用来表示“…….事情”。
3. 答案：where he stayed for as long as half a year.
解析：先行词island为地点名词， 故其定语从句应用关系副词where来引导。表示“长达…… 之久”，
可用“as long as +时间” 的结构。
4. 答案：no matter how much it costs
解析：no matter与疑问词连用可以引导让步状语从句。本句表示“花费多少钱”，故应用no matter how
much。
5. 答案：as long as I don’t have to get up early
解析：so/as long as表示“只要”，在句中起连词作用，引导条件状语从句。另外，根据前后句意，这
里的“无须”应翻译为don’t have to。
. 非谓语动词
1. 答案：escape being scolded by his mother
解析：动词escape表示“逃避”，后面要求接动名词做宾语；而本句中主语“Mark”与“惩罚”之间
是被动关系，故应用动名词的被动语态。
2. 答案：fulfill its promise to reduce the unemployment rate
解析：本句中“降低失业率的”应该做“承诺”的定语，可以用不定式短语做后置定语来表达。表示
“实现（承诺）”也可以用keep或meet，但此处表示政府行为，故最好用fulfill.
3. 答案：In order to finance my education
解析：不定式短语常位于句首做目的状语。in order to 或 so as to 可以起到突出强调该目的的作用，但
so as to一般不用在句首。
4.答案：having peeked at his neighbors’ test paper
解析：deny后面要求接动名词做宾语。此处动名词所表示的行为“偷看”明显发生在denied行为之前，
故应该用动名词的完成式来表达。
5.答案：your delaying making the decision
解析：首先，动词mind后面要求接动名词做宾语；其次，动词delay后面同样要求接动名词做宾语。类
似的词还有：abandon, admit, advocate, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny, deserve,
dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, forgive, imagine, miss, prevent, practice, recommend, resist, suggest等
情态动词
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5. 答案：you needn’t have put on your best suit
解析：needn’t have done表示完成了本不需要完成的动作，表达说话人的责怪、建议或遗憾之意。
6. 答案：Mary couldn’t have found her car
解析：本句汉语部分表示有把握的否定推测，故情态动词应用can 或 could的否定形式，而所给英语部分的时态为一般过去时，由此可知是对过去情况的一种否定推测，故用couldn’t have done 形式来表达。
7. 答案：she can’t be at home
解析：本题主要考查情态动词的推测用法。本句是对现在发生情况的否定推测，因此要用can’t do 的句式结构来表达。
8. 答案：This film should have a fantastic box office
解析：情态动词should表示推测时， 暗含很大的可能性。“票房收入”应译为box office。
5. 答案：you must have dreamed of something terrible
解析：所给汉语部分的“一定”提示本句是在进行肯定推测，情态动词应为must。所给英语部分的时
间状语提示本句是在对过去发生的事实作肯定推测，因此谓语动词应用 “must have +done”的结构。
主谓一致
4. 答案：vote for my proposal
解析：本题主要考查主谓一致。主语中含有某些连词（except, as well as, besides, in addition to, along with, together with, including, no less than, rather than，except 等）时，谓语动词的数同这些词前面的名词保持一致。本题中，主语All the members为复数，所以谓语也应该用复数形式。
5. 答案：either you or he is not telling the truth
解析：not only…but also, neither…nor…, either…or… whether…or…等短语连接并列主语时，谓语动词与其相近的名词的数保持一致。
3. 答案：has realized the importance of learning a foreign language
解析：“many a /more than one+名词单数”结构在意义上是复数，但谓语动词用单数形式。
4.答案：have been discussing the problem
解析：本题主要考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语和所给汉语中的“一直在”可推知，该句应该采用现在完成进行时，根据句意和句中的themselves,句子的主语the committee在此处表示“委员会成员”，故谓语应用复数形式。其它类似的词family, class, staff, committee, audience, party, board, team, government, council 等集合名词作主语时，如果指集合体，谓语用单数；如果指具体组成部分，谓语用复数。
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并列结构
1. 答案：either to telephone or to write the hotel for reservations.
解析：本题考查并列结构。 “either…or…”常用于连接并列结构，表示“或者…… 或者……”本句中
连接的是并列的不定式结构。
2.答案： (to ) increase the production
解析：本题主要考查并列结构。由句意和句中的and可知，译文应该与to enrich the soil并列，故也应该是不定式短语，这里的不定式符号to可省略。
3.答案：nor cares what happened to her
解析：本题主要考查neither..nor连接的并列结构。“neither..nor”意为“既不……, 也不”用于连接并列结构,故本句中后面的动词应该与形式一致。表示“某人发生了某事”，通常用短语happen to sb.根据句意可知，从句应用一般过去时。
4.答案：but history that makes heroes
解析：本题主要考查并列结构。not…but常用于连接并列结构，意为“不是…… 而是”。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句型，要求翻译的应该是but后的分句，结构应该与 not后的分句一致。
5.答案：but(also) tore up his manuscripts.
解析：本题主要考查not only…but(also)结构。not only…but(also)用于连接并列结构，意为“不但 ……. 而且”, not only所在的分句用的是一般过去时，故 but(also)所在的分句也用该用一般过去时。
祈使句
1. 答案：contact us at the following address
解析：空格前的please提示该句应为祈使句，应该以动词原形开头。“与某人联系”一般用动词contact，
“以下地址”通常表达为the following address，介词at与其一起构成介宾短语。
2. 答案：remember to water it everyday
解析：本题主要考查祈使句。 根据此处汉语意思可知， 此处表示建议，因此最好使用祈使句表达，要
以动词原形开头。表示“记得做某事”， remember后面要接不定式。
6. 答案：Follow your doctor’s advice
解析：本句是祈使句的肯定形式，表达了说话者的建议或劝告。在“祈使句+and/ or+陈述句”的句型中，陈述句的谓语动词常用一般将来时。
7. 答案：turn down the music
解析：句中的please提示，译文部分应翻译为祈使句，表示一种请求。
8. 答案：Let’s find a place to shelter from the rain
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解析：所给汉语部分明显表达的是一种建议，所以可以用祈使句来表达。“躲雨”常可用shelter from the rain。
强调句型
1. 答案：physical exercise does contribute directly to a person’s health
解析：本题考查强调句型及短语contribute to。表示“有助于…….”可以用be good to, help to, contribute to,由所给汉语中的“的确”可知，该句应该强调谓语动词，故应在动词前加上 does。
2. 答案：It’s your ability to do the job that matters most
解析：本题考查强调句型。所给汉语部分中的“才是”提示，该部分是要强调“工作能力重要”，所以应用强调句型来表达，其基本结构是：It is/was +强调部分+that/who+其他部分。由所给英语部分中的一般现在时可知，强调句型中的系动词应是is。
3. 答案：It was Jefferson who wrote
解析：由所给汉语部分中的“正是”可知，此处应该用强调句型来表达。 本句强调的是句子的主语。
4. 答案：it is the regular use of physical punishment
解析：由所给汉语部分中的“正是”和汉语部分之后的that提示此处应使用强调句型来表达，此处强
调的是主语“经常性的体罚”。
对比和比较结构
1. 答案：not as /so widespread as was initially worried about
解析：本题主要考查同级比较。所给汉语部分中的“像”提示， 此处应该使用比较结构as…as…来表达。需要注意的是第二个as后面的部分，其后可接名词或代词，也可接句子。接句子时，如果主从句的主语一致，从句的主语常可省略。此处根据句意要求，as后应接从句，从句的主语与主句的主语一致，它与“担心”之间是被动语态，而从句是表示“原来的情况”，故应该用一般过去时。同时， 否定时，常用so代替第一个as
2. 答案：the more I find this plan difficult to put into practice
解析：本题主要考查比较句式和短语put into practice。比较结构the more…the more表示“越…..,就越…….”,可在more的位置上放相应的形容词或副词的比较级。表示“实施计划”常用短语put into practice。
3. 答案：money is as precious to him as his life
解析：本题主要考查比较结构。as…as…意为“像……一样，与……. 一样”
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4. 答案：far/much uglier in London than here
解析：look为系动词，后面接形容词；far, much常用于比较级前，用来加强语气。
表示倍数的句式
1.答案：will be twice that of the old one
解析：本题主要考查倍数的表达。twice/three times 等倍数词+比较对象
that指代area, one指代前面已经出现的building
2.答案：increased by 50% compared with that of last year
解析：本题主要考查倍数的表达。表示“增加了多少”应该用increase by， 注意不要与increase to（增加到多少）相混淆。
3.答案：his weight is three times that of mine/ he is three times as heavy as me .
解析：本题考查倍数表达。表示倍数的一些句式有：twice/three times 等倍数词+as+形容词或副词原级+as，翻译时注意比较对象的一致性，前面是his weight,后面就应该用that of mine, that 代替weight。
4. 答案：reacts three times as fast as that one/ reacts twice faster than that one
解析：“A+倍数+as +形容词、副词原级+as+B”是表达倍数的惯用表达方式，意为“……是….. 的……
倍”。
5. 答案：is three times lager than that of men
解析:本题主要考查倍数表达。“A+倍数+比较级 +than +B”是适合于本剧的倍数表达。
动名词的固定结构
1. 答案：we all could not help laughing
解析：本题主要考查can/could not help doing。can/could not help doing是固定短语，意为“禁不住，忍
不住”，翻译时注意后面一定要用动名词。此处是一般过去时，故只能用could。
2. 答案：difficulty(in)keeping up with his classmates
解析：本题主要考查动名词的固定结构have difficulty(in)doing sth。 表示做某事有困难，常用have difficulty(in)doing sth。类似的结构还有have trouble/fun/a hard time/a good time(in) doing。表示“跟上”常用keep up with或catch up with。
3. 答案：remembering all my life
解析：本题主要考查短语be worth doing。be worth doing是固定短语，意为“值得…..”，此处的doing是主动表示被动。
4. 答案：I have no difficulty(in )expressing myself correctly
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解析：本题主要考查动名词的固定结构have difficulty(in)doing sth。此处为其否定形式，in 常省略。
5. 答案：prevent/save our environment from being destructed
解析：“使 …免于” 常用prevent/stop/keep/hinder/save… from doing. 另外，此处环境与破坏之间是被动
关系。
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