从文化角度看中美家庭教育的差异

时间:2024.5.9

英语专业全英原创毕业论文,是近期写作,公布的题目可以用于免费参考

最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文,都是近期写作

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176 On Dickinson’s Choice of Nature as the Theme of Her Poems 177 Sexism in English Language

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186 浅析MSN交谈中的话语标记语

187 身势语在基础英语教学中的应用

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199 灵魂救赎者—《七个尖角阁的老宅》中菲比的人物分析 200 会议交替传译中习语的翻译


第二篇:中美家庭教育的跨文化研究


武汉理工大学

硕士学位论文

中美家庭教育的跨文化研究

姓名:杨恒

申请学位级别:硕士

专业:外国语言学及应用语言学

指导教师:魏万德

20071101

武汉理r=大学硕士学位论文

摘要

自改革开放以来,教育在世界范围内的重视达到了空前的高度。作为教育的最初级阶段,家庭教育不论在理论还是实践上都取得了重大进步。家庭教育实践的丰富,既为家庭教育理论研究提供了经验,也对家庭教育的研究提出了更高的要求。随着中国经济的快速发展与独生子女家庭数量的不断增加,越来越多的家庭教育问题出现了。众多教育学者在进行理论探究的同时,都试图参照西方发达国家家庭教育的经验来解决我们的家庭教育问题。其中美国是个很好的参照物。自二十世纪八十年代以来,关于中美家庭教育的比较就一直方兴未艾。它们从经济、政治、历史、文化和宗教各方面都作了深入的研究,但基本上都是对两国家庭教育的差异性研究。

本文以对此项研究的重要性及研究方法的简要介绍开始,第一章介绍了有关概念以及本文研究的理论依据,着重强调文化与家庭教育的相互关系。

第二章介绍了本文的研究意义和研究方法。第三章侧重文化方面对两国的家庭教育进行了历史背景、经济形态和文化传统方面的差异性分析。胡文伸说过,“文化是习得和代代相传的。哪怕在不同的地区,来自不同的国家,人类的文化根基在本质上都是相似的。”因此第四章作为本文的创新点,对两国家庭教育的相似性作了初步的探究。最后作者得出结论,相似性同样也是跨文化研究的基础,并对中国的家庭教育提出了自己的一点建议。关键词:跨文化研究,家庭教育,比较教育学,相似性比较

壁堡里!:叁兰堡±竺堡笙壅

Abstract

SincetheReformandOpening-up,theworldwideconcerningwitheducationhasbeenuptoanunprecedentedlevel.Astheprimarystageofeducation,family

bothineducationhasbeengreatlydevelopedpracticeandtheory.Theincreasing

toitspractice

putsoffamilyeducationofferstherichrequirements

aexperiencetheoreticalstudyandforwardhigheraswell.Underthesocietywithrapidlyeconomicdevelopmentand

problemsaboutlargescaleofonly-child—families,inChinamanyfamilyeducationhavebeenemerging.Meanwhileexploringtheeducationaltheories,manyeducatorsattempttosolvetheseproblemsbyreferringtothefamilyeducationsystemsofdevelopedcountries.TheoneofAmericanfamiliesisanappropriatereference.Sine1980s,thecomparisonsbetweenthefamilyeducationsoftwocountriesfromtheaspectsof

cultureand

ofthemareeconomy,politics,history,religionarecomingintheendlessstream.However,themostfractionsinclinedtotheothernessresearch.

Thethesisbeginswithabriefintroductiontotheresearch

withsomesignificanceandasmethod.ChapterIisconcerned

totheoreticalissues,suchtermsandconceptsrelevanttheculture,

thefamilyeducationandCROSS‘culturalandcommunication,emphasizingrelationshipsbetweenculturefamily

education.Chapter

ChapterIIIistheIIistheresearchofthesignificanceandresearchmethodology.comparison

ondifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanfamilyeducationthehistoricalbackground,economicpatternaspects,laying

thespecialemphasis

“Cultureisonculturaldifferences.AsHuWenzhonghasremarkedinlearnedandtransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.Althoughdifferentareas,belongingtodifferentnations,the

beingsisessentially

thesis,triestoculturalgroundworkofhumansimilar.”(1988;210)SoChapterIV,theoriginalpartsofthiscomparethefamilyeducationsimilaritiesofbothcountries.Finally,ChapterVIdrawsthe

studyconclusionthatsimilarityisthefoundationofcross。culturalandoffersSomesuggestionstoimproveChinesefamilyeducation.Ⅱ

武汉理I.大学硕十学位论文

KeyWords:cross—culture

similaritystudyfamilyeducationcomparativepedagogycomparisonHI

独创性声明

本人声明,所呈交的论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含为获得武汉理工大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中明确的说明并表示了谢意。

签名:盐!瞳日期:塑Z:!!:立!

关于论文使用授权的说明

本人完全了解武汉理工大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即学校有权保留、送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅:学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保持论文。

(保密论文在解密后应遵守此规定)

签名:盘!选导师签名:

丛堡里!:盔望堡±兰垡堡奎

Introduction

Chinaisacountrywithlonghistory,splendidcivilizationandrichcultural

whichthefamilyeducationtheoryisindispensable.Earlyintheheritance,among

Wei,JinandNorthernandSouthernDynasties,thefirstseriesoffamilyeducation

ourmonographsappeared.Astimegoesby,theraisingoflivinglevelhaswaken

awarenessoffamilyeducation'simportance.

SincetheReform

hasbeenuptoandOpening-up,theworldwideconcerningwitheducationanunprecedentedlevel.Astheprimarystageofeducation,family

intheoryTheeducationhasbeengreatlydevelopedbothinpracticeand

increasingpracticeoffamilyeducationofferstherichexperiencetOitsstudyandputsforwardhigherrequirements

rapidlyeconomicdevelopmentandaastheoreticalwell.Underthesocietywithlargescaleofonly—child—families,inChinamanyproblemsaboutfamilyeducationhavebeenemerging.Meanwhileexploring

totheeducationaltheories,manyeducatorsattempt

referringtothesolvetheseproblemsbyfamilyeducationsystemsofdevelopedcountries.Many

andAmericanfamilyChineseeducatorshaveachievedmuchintheChineseeducation

comparativefield.(赵忠心,《中国教育五千年》,2003;杨宝忠,《大教育视野中的家庭教育》,2003;杨志华,《文化价值观视野中的家庭教育》,20041Thecomparisons

religionetc.aredetailedoneconomy,politics,culture,history,geographyand

Onthesescholars’shoulders,thisthesisisconcernedwiththeChineseandAmericanfamilyeducationcomparisonontheculturalaspect,notonlyincludingthedifferencesandalsothesimilarities.YangBaozhonghasremarkedinfluencedbythethat“Whileculture,educationisthevitalmeans

valuesofinheriting,developingandcreatingculture.’’DifferentculturalbetwcenChinese

bothandAmericandeterminethedifferencesofobjects,aims,contentsofcountries’family

education.

WhilemostresearchersstressingonthedifferencesofAmericanandChinese

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

familyeducationinordertoimprove

ours

bythereferenceofAmericanone,the

on

similaritiesofthemarousedmyinterest.AfterreadingdozensofbookscomparisonsofChineseandAmericanfamilyeducation,meanwhilesuperioritiesofthewesternfamilyeducationsystem,I

aln

the

affirmingthe

the

essence

amazedby

of

traditionalfamily

education.AsHu

Wenzhong

hasremarked‘‘Cultureis

learnedandtransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration.Althoughindifferentbelongingtoessentiallylimited

differentnations,the

cultural

groundwork

areas,

of

humanbeings

is

similar.”(1988;210)In

the

thisthesis,1have

attempted

by

tooffermyown

suggestionsabout

Chinese

family

educationthesimilarities

comparisonofChineseand

American

familyeducation.

Thisthesisisdividedintofivechapters.ChapterIis

concerned

withsome

theoretical

education

issues,suchand

as

termsandconceptsrelevanttotheculture,family

the

relationships

and

cross—culturalcommunication,emphasizing

betweencultureandfamilyeducation.ChapterIIisresearchmethodology.ChapterIIIisthedifferenceAmericanfamily

theresearchsignificance

comparison

on

ofChineseand

differences.the

educationoriginal

layingspecialemphasis

the

culturalcompare

Chapter1Visthe

partsofthisthesis,tryingto

family

educationsimilaritiesof

that

similarity

is

the

bothcountries.Finally.,ChapterV1drawsfoundation

of

theconclusion

offers

some

cross—cultural

study

and

suggestionstoimproveChinese

family

education.

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

ChapterITheoreticalFoundations

1.1Aboutculture

Tobeginwith,itisverynecessarytodefinetheterm“culture”clearly

so

that

thereadersmayeasilyfollowwhatthetermincludeswhenwetalkaboutthecuhureandfamilyeduction.Althoughdefiningthebeen

term‘‘culture’’has

always

verydifficulttask.

DifferentscholarsfromdifferentfieldsAccordingto

perceive

itdifferently.

as

cultural—sociology,culture

isdefined

thesharedpatternsof

behaviorsandinteractions,cognitiveconstructs,andaffectiveunderstandingthat

are

learned

throuIgh

processofsocialization.Thesesharedpatternsidentifythe

whilealsodistinguishingthoseofanothergroup.

as

membersof

culturegroup

“Mostsocialscientiststodayviewculture

symbolic,ideational

consistingprimarilyofthesocieties.The

and

intangibleaspectsof

humanCSSCnce

of

culture

isnotitsartifacts,tools,orothertangible

culturalelementsbuthowthe

isthevalues,symbols,

membersofthegroup

interpret,use,andperceivethem.It

thatdistinguish

one

interpretations,andperspectives

in

peoplefromanother

modernizedsocieties;itisnutmaterial

objectsand

other

tangibleaspects

of

human

societies.Peoplewithin

culturalusuallyinterpretthemeaningofsymbols,

or

artifacts,and

behaviorsinthesame

insimilarways.”一Banks,J“-.,ABanks,&

McGee,C.A.(1989)Multicultural

“Culture:learnedandshared

Education

O.121)

or

human

patterns

modelsforliving;day?to-day

of

livingpatterns.Thesepatternsandmodelspervadeanaspectsinteraction.Culturalismankind’sprimaryadaptive

human

social

mechanism.''--Damen。L

Classroom.0.

(1987).Culture367)

Learning:The

Fifth

Dimension

On

theLanguage

“Cultureisthesharedknowledgeandschemescreatedby

setofpeople

for

perceiving,interpreting,expressing,and

respondingtothesocialrealitiesaround

Peace:Conflict

them.”一Lederaeh。J.P.(x995)Preparingfor

transformationacross

武汉理J:大学硕士学位论文

cultures.(p.9)

However,theterm‘‘culture’’isgenerallyregardedtobecarryingtwodifferentmeaningsinourmodemsense.Oneisthenarrowdefinitionofculture,referringtosomethingartisticoracademic.Thiscategoryofculturecallbefurtherdividedinto“highculture”,referring

SOtoliterature,history,geography,education,sciences,todrama,andmusicandon,and“popularculture”referringentertainmentand

everydaypleasureforthemass.

AccordingtoChastain(1976:388).this

andcontributionsofacategoryofcultureorfocusesofonthemajorproductssocietyingeneraloutstanding

Cindividualsinthat

culture”,suchassociety.Withthethisapproach,weoftenrefertothe‘‘largeeconomic,politicalandsocialhistoryandthegreatstatements,heroes,writers,artistic,etc.ofthecountry.

Theotheristhebroaddefinitionofcultureoranthropological

Cdefinitionofculture,referringtothewayoflifeofapeople,labeledas“smallculture”,and

society.Thecontainingthewaysofthinking,habits,customs,traditions,etcofa

“culture”inthisarticlemostlybelongstothiscategory.1.2Aboutfamilyeducation

L2.1Thedefinitionoffamilyeducation“FamilyeducationistheeducationthatisgivenconsciouslytotheissuesbytheparentsorolderperSOnsinthefamily.”

一《中国大百科全书教育》p.140

“Itisthemutualinfluenceoreducationbetweenthefamilymembers.especiallytheeducationparentsgivetotheissues.”

~《教育大辞典》顾明远P.381

“Itisthepurposefulinfluenceinthefamily,nomatterparentsissuesonOntheissues,theparents,theelderontheyoungerortheyoungerontheyounger.”

~《家庭教育学》赵忠心p.5

Actuallyfamilyeducationisaconceptwiththerich

lifelonginfluenceconnotationandwidefamilydenotation.Itisthecontinuousandbetweenthe

武汉理I:人学硕十学位论文

members.Itincludestheself-conscious

influenceonorunself-conscious,tangibletheorintangibleofsocialmultilevel,aswellasnon—subjectinfluencecircumstance,lifestyleandenvironment.

1.2.2Theessentialattributeoffamilyeducation

Essentiallyfamilyeducationisthespontaneousandlifelongeducationprocesswhichisinvolvinginthefamilylifeandbasedonthemaritalrelations,bloodtiesandadoptiverelationship.

1.2.3Thecharacteristicsoffamilyeducation

Familyisthefirstaswellasthelastschoolofmankind.Fromenteringlifewithcrytofarewell,everypersonispursuingthe

activitiesconsciousoreducationandundereducationunconsciouslyduringthewholelife.Theeducationfromfamilyimpactstheindividualsmostdeeplyandlastlongest.Notliketheschoolwhichistheeducationalinstitution,familyisa“specialschool”,therefore,thefamilyeducationhasitsowncharacteristics.

1.2.3.1Thebroadrangeof

Inthefamilyeducation

totaketheresponsibilityofhumansociety,everypersonwasborninthecertainfamily.Ineachfamily,everycoupleaslongastheyhavechildought

education;every

specialfamily

Anyhow,thereoryoungsterissupposedtobeeducatedbytheold.Evenintheinthespecialtime,theeducationdoesexistwithoutexception.howmanyfamilies;there

atateSoaremanyeducationplacesandsomanyeducators.Notlimitedhome,theclassroomoffamilyeducationisthe

placewherethefamilymembersget

aletogether.Meanwhile,thecontentandmethodsoffamilyeducationbroadtoo.

1.2.3.2BasedontheaffectionamongfamilymembersThebloodtiesin

isafamilyeducationdiffertotallyfromthestudent—teacheronrelation.Familysocialformconstructingthemaritalandbloodties.The

bloodtiesalethemostemotionalandclosestconnectionsbetweenhumanbeingswhichfollowsthewholeprocessoffamilyeducationthroughoutasthemeridian5

武汉理I:人学硕十学伉论文

throIIghthehumanbody.

1.2.3.3Thefusionoffamilyeducationandliving

Family

education

processes

in

the

family

daily

life

spontaneously.It

inter-infiltrateswithfamilylifeall?dimensionally.Itscontentandformthechangesoffamilylife

convert

as

anddevelopmentof

educatees.Beingborn,livinginthe

family,theyoungisinfluencedbyeachdetailoffamilylife.Notonlymerelythis,

otherfactorssuch

as

family

structure,parents’vocations,economiccondition,

on

family

ofthe

atmosphere,livinghabitsandinterestsgivegreatimpact

young’Spersonality,interestsandmorality

directly

theformation

or

indirectly.Just

becauseofthe

highlyconfusionoffamilyeducation

and

living,theinfluenceof

can

family

education

becomescontinuous,during

whichtheyoungacquirevalues

thatshapetheiraspirations,theirthinking,mentalityeffects

are

and

theirspirituality.The

not

immediately,butverydeepandwide.

1.2.3.4Thewide-ragingcontentoffamilyeducation

Althoughtheteaching

content

of

family

educationdoesnot

containcontent

the

as

complete

plan

andthesystemic,comprehensiveteaching

SO

theschool

education,itisAsthecellsocial

richthatconcludesthewholeknowledgeinvolvinginthelife.

and

miniatureof

society,familyperforms

family

thecomplicatedandvariededucation

shows

everyday.Consequently,the

hasthesame

characteristics.Familyis

like

lifesch001.wheretheyoungistaughtthelivingskills

speaking,walking,etc;familyisapolitical

skills,etc;family

school,wheretheyoungistaught

thesocialknowledgelikephilosophy,morality,regulationsofconduct,social

theyoungis

poise,interpersonal

taught

the

seasons

isalso

science

school,where

revolving,weatherchanges,creatures’livingrules,etc.

of

Whereforethecontent

familyeducationis

comprehensivelybroad.

1.2.3.5Thediversifiedf01-msoffamilyeducation

Family

educationisnotlimitedbythetextbook,classroom,teachingplan,

teachingaim,etc.astheschool

education.Without

fixedmodality,itisableto

perform

atany

timeandanyplace.Italwayshappensintheresting,entertaining,

堕堡里!;查兰堡主堂堡丝塞

talking,cleaning,shopping,visiting,traveling,etc.Evengesture

are

look,allexpression,a

alltheformsofit.

1.2.3.6Therepeatabilityoffamilyeducation

Familyeducationrepeatsdaybyday

as

thefamilylife.Thischaracteristicis

and

suitablefortheyoungtoacquiremorality,masterskills

knowledge,and

habitsandpersonality,the

developtheintellect.Sincetheformationoflivingtrainingofskillsallrequiresrepeatability

anda

longtime.

1.2.3.7Thelifelongfamilyeducation

Thesocializationofindividualis

systemic

projoct,which

can

couldnotbe

withoutthefamily.Nomatterhowold,theeducation.Thereiseducation,“Itis

an

man

not

livewithoutfamily

oldsaying,“Itis

never

toooldtOlearn.’’Forthefamily

never

tOOoldtoeducate.”

1.2.3.8

Thedepthoffamilyeducation

to

Familyisthe“firstenvironment”fortheyoung

contact,observe

are

society,

andacquire

knowledge.Itissaidthatthefirstimpressions

most

lasting?These

firstimpressionslaidthefoundationoftheyoung’Sfutureeducation.Theforemost

experiencepersonality

andinitiative

comingof

the

fromthe

family

educationinfluence

living

the

development

youngdeeply.The

habits,language

development,behaviormode,moralitywith

this

first

and

personalityofthechildrenallrelate

capable

of

thinking

environmentclosely.Being

asa

and

acting

independently,familyserved

filterhelpsthechildrenacquketherightvalues?

Thevariedinfluencefromtheothereducationformsarechosen

to

and

absorbedby

reference

the

knowledge

acquiredfromthe

family

attheearlyage.Comparedadjust

theirs

withthevaluesandaccordingthey

ale

experiences

told

in

the

ofthefamilymembers’,children

family.Therefore,whenfamily

the

young

become

self-supported,underthewidersocialbackground,theirvaluesarestillinfluencedbytheir

acceptance

tothesocial

education.

1.2.3.9

Theauthorityoffamilyeducation

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

Duringtheprocessoffamilyeducation,parentshavetheirauthorities.Itisdecidedbythebloodties,children’Sdependence

ofbasicinterestofthefamily.ontheirparentsandtheidentity

1.2.3.10Theinheritanceoffamilyeducation

Theeducationandinfluencecomingfromtheoldwouldbcrevised.adjustedbytheyonng'sownexperienceandunderstandingwhentheygrowup.Thentheirowneducationideascome

culturaloutandeducatetheirischildren.Agreatdealofvaluedbytheinheritanceofhumansocietyconservedcompletelyancestralvocations,secretrecipeshandeddownfromgenerationsandfamilycustoms.Thisistheinheritanceoffamilyeducation.

Familycustom(家风)istherelativelysteadylifestyle,traditionalhabitandfamilymorality

thetraditionofwhichformsgraduallyfromgenerations.Andthemaincontentisafamily’Sthinkingandideas.Itisconsistsofthesocialpositionofthefamily,thehistoricaltraditions,thecharacters,qualities,vocationsoffamilymembers.Therefore

Theinheritingandthefamilycustomdiffersasthechangesoftheabovefactors.customdonotconservingofthefamilydependonthedescendiblityofgenerationsbuttheinheritanceoffamilyeducation.

Onceformed,thefamilycustomwillinfluenceunconsciouslythecharacters,qualitiesandideasofthefamilymembersandtheiroffspring.

1.2.4Theaimsof

Firstly,tohelpmodemfamilyeducationandlife,enrichtheirthechildrenunderstandthesociety

experienceandlaythegroundoftheirfutureindependentlife.Indetails,itisconsistsofthemasteryofthebasiclifeskills,understandingandobeyingthebasicsocialregulations,understandingloveandacceptingandpayingoutloveactively.

Secondly,tohelpthechildrenhavethehealthpersonalitywhichincludesthecreativity,abilitiesofthinkingbyoneself,facingthedifficultiesandsolvingtheproblems.

Thirdly,tohelpthechildrenacquiretheabilityofcooperationthisincludesthe

spiritandsociability,competitivesense,cooperative

8communicativeskills.

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

Fourthly,todevelopthechildren’Smorality,thisincludesself-respect,self-love,confidence;understandingtheriglltsofresponsibilitiesofcitizens;acceptingthemulticulturalsociety;appreciatingthecultureandart.

Fifthly,tohelpthechildrenhaveahealthbody.Thatincludesknowingtheirownbodies,masteringtheexerciseskills,havinggoodlivinghabits.

Skthly,toguidethechildrenacquiretheknowledgethatincludesthecuriousnesstothelearning,thebasicabilityofmasteringandapplyingtheknowledge.

Theaboveaimsareraisedaccordingtothecommonobjectsoffamilyeducation.Differentfamiliescouldputforwarddifferentaimstargetingthechildrenindifferentageswithdifferentcharacteristics.

These

oneorfamilyeducationaimsarenotisolatedbutintegrate.Justemphasizingsomeaimscouldnotreachtheeducationeffect.

onesLiterallytheseaimsdonotdiffermuchfromthe

Actuallythedifferencesareofschooleducation.ondistinct.Familyeducationemphasizesparticularlytheeducationduringthelife,butwhattheschooleducationemphasizesistheteachingbytheformalandorganizedactivities.

1.3Cultureandfamilyeducation

1.3.1Therelationshipbetweencultureandeducation

EducationistheconstituentelementofcultureandiSeffectedandrestrictedbytheculture.Meanwhile,education

totheistherelativelyindependent.Cultureisindispensableeducation.Exceptinfluenceofceaainpoliticalsystem

andeconomicdevelopment,thevestigeof

contentofeducation.Forculturecanbefoundintheideas,asystemsandinstance,sinceSuiandTangdynasty,as

apersonnelappointmentsystem,imperialexaminationsystembecomescultural

traditionalongitslong-termdevelopment。Thissystemcombiningtheschooleducationwiththe

aappointmentsystemimperialisticimpactstheChinesehistoryformorethanthousandyears.AstheinvasioninthelateQingDynasty,the

politicsimpedalexaminationsystemcollapsedowing

9totheviolentrevolutionof

武汉理I:人学硕十学位论文

andeconomy.Althoughithasbeenabolishedformorethanacentury,theeducationideasaccompanywiththeimperialexaminationsystemhasremained.Perusingdegreeandemphasizingexaminationsarethereflectionsofit.

Whileinfluencedbytheculture,educationisthevitalmeansofinheriting,developingandcreatingculture.That

asistosay,educationisinheritinganddiffusingthecultureincessantly

accordingtothewellaschoosingandreconstructingthecultureincludesschooldemandoftimeandsociety.Thiseducation

education.education,familyeducationandsociety

1.3.2Theimpactofculturalvaluesconcerningfamilyeducation

Asthecoreofculture,culturalvalueseffectthefamilyeducationdeeply.

1.3.2.1Theconnotationandfunctionofculturalvalues

aPeopleineveryculturehave

appeartobeuniversalacross

peoplefromtwosetofvaluesbywhichtheylive.Somevaluescultures;othervaluesvarysignificantly.、)l/henculturesinteract,theymayassumethattheyhavethesamevalues,whereasiftheychecked,theywoulddiscoverthattheydovaluedifferencesornot.Whenseuseclashescomeup,theydohavetonegotiated,andinthe

aretheyareindependentofthewaythey

fromfacttalkingabout.knowledge,culturalvalueisDistinctjudgmentandanother

andcognitiveformandthevaluestandardofrighteousnessanddepravity,true

false.Culturalvalueisthesummationofposition,attitudeandviewindealingwiththeuniversalvalueproblems.Itscontentconsistsofthebeliefsandidealsofhumanbeings.Thepanicularforms

explanation.arethebeliefandidealsystemsforthefurther

Culturalvalueseffectfromindividualtosociety.Atthemicro

valueisalevel,culturalde印faithsystemwhichworks

standardasthebehaviorguidance,emotiontheinspirationandevaluationandef砖ctsunderstandingofhuman

himselfaswellaslifeandthedealingofinterpersonalrelationship.Asthevital

valuerestrictsalltheaspectsofhumanlife.It’S10contentoflifephilosophy,cultural

武汉理I:人学硕十学位论文

allinvisiblebutpowerfulworld.Therefore,peoplefromdifferentcountriesorfolksdisplaydifferentbehaviorcharacteristicsowingtotheirdifferentculturalvalues.Thewell?knownAmericanwriterofChineseancestryTangTingtingtoldastoryinherautobiographicalnovelTheWomanWarrior.Shewasbomafterherparents’immigration.Growingup

knowledgeofChineseintheAmericanculture,shehadpoorculture.Whenshewasyoung,shethoughtthewhitefower

andworeitinhishair.Hermotherwassowasverybeautiful,soshepicked

angryatonesightofthewhiteflowerinherhairthatbeatherviolently.Shewaschagrinedwithoutknowingthereason.LatershecametoknowthatChineseonlywearwhiteflowerswhenthereisthedeathinthefamily.However,intheAmericanculture,whiterepresentsthepurity,beautyanddignity.

Atthemacrolevel,culturalvalueisthecoreandsoulofsocietycultural

afcsystemandrepresentstheregulativestandard.People

valuesbyvariousmeans.Reflecting

valuesembodythecharacteristicsainfusedtheseculturalnation’sidealsandpursues,theculturalitandnatureessenceof

1.3.2.2Theimpactofculturalvalues

educationconcerningfamily

Apparently,thewayoffamilyeducationisaffecteddeeplybytheculturalvalues.Theparticularculturalvaluesreflect

reasonOntheideasandmethodsoffamilyeducation.Thefundamental

ofculturalofdifferentfamilyhaveeducationisthedifferencevalues.Americadidn’timperialexaminationsystem,butAmericansbelieveinfreedomandequality.Therefore,theypursuetherealizationofpersonalvalucsthroughbeingeducated.11

武汉理r=大学硕十学位论文

ChapterIIResearchsignificance

2.1Researchsignificance

Itisproverbialthatfamilyeducationis

vitalconstituentpartof

or

education.

Nomatterfortheindividuals’developmenteducationplays

an

forthewhole

society’s,family

education.Since

bythefamily

of

the

irreplaceablerole.

educationistheprimarystageofthechild's

Firstly,family

beinggestatedinmother’Swomb,childmembers

and

family

begins

tobe

affected

isthe

atmosphere.Family

as

education

bedrock

kindergarteneducationchildren

are

well

as

thevitalsupplementofschooleducation.Ifthe

well?familyeducated,itismucheasierforthemtoreceivetheschool

thechildren

are

education.Conversely,ifdifficulties

inschool

poor-family

educated,they

is

SO

willhave

education.Ifthesehooleducation

education

called

to

emphasize

thelearningofknowledge,family

attachesmoreimportancetoexerting

subtle

influenceon

thesociality,healthpersonalityandrichemotions.Therefore,

increasinglystressthecloserelationseducationandthecooperationbetween

the

contemporary

educationalthe,odeseducationand

betweenthe

family

sehool

them.Asthe

experiencestellingUS,theovercomingof

shortcomings

atthe

whenthe

childrengrowupisfarmoredifficultthanteachingthem

conclusion

can

early

age.The

bereachedthatitisessentialto

withthe

beeducated

wellinthefamily.andschool

Secondly,comparing

communityeducation

are

education,

family

educationismorefar-reaching.Parents

theclosest

and

mostreliableactionhasthe

personstothechildren.Livinginthesamecivilizinginfluence

on

family,parents’each

the

children.Theknowledge

structure,habits,interests,

experiencesandmoralitiesofindividualsarecloselyaffectedbytheir

families.

educationis

Thirdly,family

only

educationis

lifelonglasting.Receivingthe

sehool

period,whilethe

familyeducation

ismuchlonger.Aftersehool

education,

familyeducationstillprocesseswiththefocusconverting

tothelifeprinciples,

vacationchoosing

andmarriageetc.fromtheintelligentdevelopment,culture

12

武汉理I:大学硕七学位论文

learningandhealthycare.Chinesefamilyeducationistypicallylifelonglasting.

Confucianhassaid,“AmanshouldAmerica,parents

not

are

beindependentattheageofthirty.’’In

notobligatetosupporttheirgrownchildren,buttheywould

glveuptheresponsibilityoffamilyeducation.

Fourthly,family

education

tothe

iscloselyrelatedtothedevelopmentofsociety.

Comingandbelongingfamily,eachpersonwill

as

enterthebroadersociety

lifeandtakepartinthesocialpracticehasgreat

communitarian.Howfamilyeducated

significancetotheirattitudesandcontributionstowardsthesociety.The

contentandmethoddifferasthedifferencesofsocial

position,political

attitudes,

culturalqualities

andeducation

competenceoftheparents.Ifthefamilyeducation

demand,thepersonfromthiskindoffamily

effectmightbenegative.

COmestotermswiththe

society

wouldbeactiveinthesocial

practice.Conversely,the

educationand

hXun

stressedthefamily

societydevelopment.Noticingthe

poorchildrenare

poorfamilyeducationinoldChina,hesaid

emotionally,“The

wandering

aboutinthestreet,whiletherichchildrenareroamingat

idleaboutin

home.When

theygrowup,they

thesociety.”Asthefutureofsociety,thefutureofsociety.

are

conditionof

In

children

determinesthe

of

family

consideration

all

education’Ssignificance,theeducators

teachinthe

concernedwithit

long.Whatandhowto

family

isthelearning

and

artdeserveresearchingdeeply.

Choosingthe

significance

education

and

familyeducationasmymyinterest.AsEnglish

degree

research

subject

owestoits

majorand

future

mother,family

offers

me

relatestothecross?cultural

communication

closelyand

valuablelearningopportunityinmyfuturefamily

education.

2.2

Methodology

upon

thetheoriesofcomparativepedagogy,thispaper

Based

chooses

the

researchmodeofcomparingChineseandAmericanofculture.

Comparative

family

educationintheview

educatorM.E.Sadlerindicatedthesignificance

of

culture

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

researchtothecomparativepedagogyforthefirsttimeinhisfamousspeech“HowFarCanWeLearnAnythingofPracticalValuefromtheStudyofForeignSystemofeducation?”Theculturalresearchofbothcountries’familyeducationwillhelpusexploretheculturalvaluesoftwocountriesandfindoutagoodwayofChinesefamilyeducation.14

亟堡堡!:查堂堡±兰堡丝苎

ChapterIIIThedifferencesbetweenChineseand

Americanfamilyeducation

3.1ThepresentconditioncomparisonsbetweenChineseandAmericanfamilyeducation

Nowadays,theintemationalcompetitionsatefierce,whatiscomedownthecompetitionoftrainingthequalifiedpersonnel.Asweknown,thefirstpositionis

athefamily.Therefore,in

thesense,thecompetitionoftrainingqualifiedpersonnelisarecompetitionofparents’rearingcapability.Moreandmoreattentions

familyeducationhaspaidthetothebasiclink—familyeducation.Ahhou曲the

ofallsocialcausedseriousconcernsectors,especiallytheeducationalcircle,until

educationwhichrecently,thereare

strongly

valuablesomemisunderstandingstheformingofyoungconcerningfamilyperson’sinfluenceonpracticesgoodqualities.Learningtheusofothercountries’familyeducationhelpsfindasuitableapproach.WecannotassertthatAmericanfamilyeducationisidealandperfect,butthereasonableelementsintheirfamilyeducationarewhatweneed.

3.1.1ThecomparisonoffamilyeducationresultDifferent

caneducationaims,contentsandmethodsmayleaddifferentresults.Wecatchaglimpseofitfromtheresultsofthetwocountries’familyeducation.

childrenGenerallyspeaking,thecharacteristicsofAmericanandteenagersare

active,c001.headed,easy—going,independent,bold,creativeandsociable.Since18yearsold,mostofthemareindependentoftheirfamiliesandself-supportbypart—timejobs.Theyhavesomanymarketeconomicbrainsthattheyparticipateinthemanagementofmoneymattersandobtainthe

oncompetencetheofcommunicatingwithcustoms.Inaword,theyarematurcnon—intelligentelements,

competitiveandabletoadaptthemselvestothenewsurroundings.

evenMeanwhileChinesechildren

However,theyshownegativecollegestudentsonaresuperioringradepoints.tendency

1Stheircharacters:passive,timid,

武汉理j:大学硕十学位论文

dependent,etc.In

word,they

are

lackoftheabilityofadaptingthemselvestothe

are

newsurroundings.Thesepersonalitiessociety.Children

are

closedrelatedwith

our

degree—oriented

expectedtobetoiledattheirstudiesintheuniversitiesrather

thantobetorturedinsociety.

Whichoftheeducationresult

can

beacceptedbythemodem

society?Human

beings’activityandcreativityimpelthesocietydeveloping.Astheprogressingof

humancivilization,humannatureisincreasingconcerned,and

SO

isthean-scaled

can

abilityofhumanbeing.Obviously,American

familyeducation

trainthe

the

personwithcreativityandabilitytoadaptnewsurroundingsChinesefamilyeducationistrainingisthe

better.What

docile

scholarwhoisresultedfromthe

examination—orientededucationcooperationoffamiliesandschools.

3.1.2Thecomparisonoffamilyeducationprocess

Fromthe

presentconditionsofdifferentfamily

of

educational

educationresults,asan

education

hasnot

important

factor

system,althoughfamily

systematized,ithasitsowneducationaim,content

andmethodastheschool

education.Theaim

isthestarting

pointand

are

finishinglineof

family

education

activities.Andthecontent

andmethod

determinedaccordingtotheaim.

3.1.2.1Thecomparisonoffamilyeducationobjects

anddecides

Thefamilyeducationobjectimposesrestrictionson

itsoveralleffect.Therefore,itistheof

thedifferences

oftwo

itsorientation

core

of

familyeducationandthebasicreason

education.Oncetheobject

is

countries’familycountries’family

education

conforming

isnot

determined,accordingtowhichthewhatisthe

contentandmethodcould

education

bechosen.Then

whatisthe

difference

oftWO

objects?Or

have?

difference

oftheexpectationsthatthetwo

of

countries’parents

Theobject

man

who

has

Americanfamily

capacity

israisingthechildreninto

to

socialand

theofthe

series

surroundings

and

independence.Being

social

mancould

just

all

idealbut

an

operable

lenient

requirement.Sotheparentsdigouttheactiveelementsofthechildren’S

charactersbythegreatestdegreeeasily.Inthatcase,childrenactualizetheirown

璺堡墨!;盔兰堡±兰堡笙奎

personalworthwithoutconsideringtheutilitarianwell—paid

objects,such

as

hi曲degree

and

jobs.Actually,“Inthegardenmoregrowthanthegardenersow”r无心

插柳柳成荫”).Thjskind

ofeducationalwaysproducesunexpectedeffect.Onthe

otherhand,guidedbythis

object,children

are

trainedtobemoreindependentin

thou曲t

andaction.Let’s

see

theeachstageofAmericanchildren:when

theyare

they

can

enfant,they

sleepthemselves;whenwall

theyplaybythemselves;then

allbythemselves;

oldeLtheyhavetheirownroomsand

decorate

andcleanthem

theyengageinthepaidworkwithintheirreachsincethey

cleaning,takinghigh

school

care

are

young,such舔

are

babies

and

deliveringnewspaper'etc;whenthey

are

on

intheand

and

university,they

the

work-studyprogram

self-supported.

Bycontract,Chineseparents

are

alwayskeenfortheirchildrentogeton,have

good

jib

andlivein

bedofroses.Firstly,theexpectationofthis

object

istoo

high

toberealized.Underthis

object.whatdotheparentscaremostistheir

children’sgradepoint

averages.Sotheirexclusiverequirementisstudydiligently.

Ithasignoredthechildren’stalentsandrestrictedtheir

creativityduetonotbecaredaboutthepersonalityandthesociety,fewofthechildrenwouldbesuccessful

badly.Secondly,

to

competence

conform

the

throughtheydowellinstudying.

3.1.2.2

necomparisonoffamily

educationcontents

tothe

Americanfamilyeducationisrichincontentthatattaches

importance

children’sharmonydevelopmentof

physicalandemotion,whichisphysical

called

power,cognition,sociality,language

education.Onenhancing

competence-oriented

the

power,theparentsemphasis

and

outdoor

activities,suchasplayingonthe

swirlsintheyard

hikinginthefields;onthe

cognition

developmengthey

trainthechildren’ssenses,widentheir

sightsand

inspiretheirstudyinterest,for

instance,parentsbringtheirchildren

tothelibrarywiththehopeofbeing

bred

by

thegoodatmosphere;ontrainingthesociality,theyhopethechildrendotheirown

businesswiththeteam-workspirit;on

edifyingtheemotions,theychildrentoappreciate

guide

their

music,dance,artand

literatureworks,such

as

takingthem

17

武汉理[大学硕十学侍论文

to

allsortsofmuseums

or

exhibitions.encouragingthemtoattend

creative

activitiesand

enjoythe

nature.

Chinesefamilyeducationcould

develop

in

all

givesgreateremphasisto

ensure

thatthechildren

and

all—round

way,morally,intellectually,physically

aesthetically.However,whenchildrencometotheschoolage,theintellectual

education

isofoverridingimportance,and

ensure

theeducation

content

is

unbalanced.

Onphysically,theparents

thenutritionofthechildrenneeddaily,protect

to

themfrombeinghurtandtakeeveryprecaution

to

the

diseases.Whencompared

theAmericaneducation,thisisdefensive,staticandnegative.Onintellectually,

as

theyteachthechildrenknowledgeandskills,suchbuyingallkindsof

books

for

thechildrenandteachingthemreading,writingandcalculating.Onaesthetically,theincreasingnumbersofparentsrealizetheimportancewhich

could

helpthe

ofthespecialskills

the

children

enter

are

better

schools.Therefore,besides

compulsory

suchas

education,thechildren

occupiedbyallSOrtSofinterestclasses

SO

painting,dancing,piano

are

etc,whichis

onone

eagerforquick

SUCAT,eSS

that

children’Srealinterests

ignored

hand,andtheyhavemuchmoreburden

underthewasteoftimeandmoney.

By

contrast,American

family

ours

educationis

relatively

richer

andmore

reasonableincontent,while

isnarrower

andunreasonable.Forthephysical

Or

education,Chinese

parentsusuallytakenoticeofthechildren'sfigure

shapebut

ignorethephysicalexercisesometimes.Beinglackofwatching

TV

athome

outdoorexerciseand

includes

or

make

the

obesity

increase.Intelligence

the

practical

ability

and

potential.Thepracticalabilityistheknow-how

are

skill.But

someofthemlikelivingskill,vocationalskill

whiletheyin

the

are

ignoredintheChinesefamily

paidmuchattentioninthe

isthe

Americansociety.Whatismuchignored

potential,whichincludesthelearningparentsattachmuchmore

Chinesefamilyeducation

ability

on

andcreativity.Apparently,Chinese

just

importance

thechildren’Slearning,whichis

enablesthechildrento

thelowerlevelof

cognitivecompetition

andjust

cram

fortheexaminations.Therealmainspringof

societydevelopmentisthecreativeability.Followingisoneoftheresultsfrom“A

18

武汉理工大学硕十学位论文

sedesofsocialsurveysonthecreativeabilityofChineseteenagers’’(2002)QuestionWhenthechildrenaretakingapartthenewclocks.whatdothe

parentsdo?

Answer

RatioReprimandorwarn.Putitononeside.0thcrs.2%40%48%

Fromthistable,theconclusioncanbereachedthattheawareofeuhivatingthecreativeabilityonghttobeenhanced.

InAmerica,manyeducatorsdonotholdthatthestudentsOtIghttomemorize

notunderstandattheearlyage.Afterschool,theChinese

attheknowledgetheycanparentsalwaysasktheirchildren“Whatdoyoulearn

haveyougotschool?’’or‘‘Whatscoretoday?”Whilethe

raised

theanyquestionstoday?…orAmericanstudentswouldbeasked“HaveyouHowdOyouliketheclassestoday?”Thesearedifferentunderstandingstotheintelligencebytheparentsofthebothcountries.

3.1.2.3ThecomparisonoffamilyeducationmethodsFamilyeducationmethodisthespecificmeasureofeducationcontent.whichisdetemaineddos,elybythetraditions,customsandhistoricalbackgroundandisrestrictedbytheeducationobject.

educationmethod

esteemofIngeneral,theAmericanfamilyisequalanddemocratic.treatParentsholdchildreninandthemastheequalandindependent

theiropinionsorfamilymembers:1)Childrenareencouraged

theirparents.According

characteristicsoftothetoreservenotobeyAmericanpsychologist'sresearch,thecommonhighlycreativechildrenarenaughtyandself-opinionated.2)Americanchildrenhavemoreoptions.Thegames,books,friends,futurevacation,eventhefuturespouseandmarriagetimecouldbechosenbythemselves.Whattheparentsdoisguidingthemtochoose

throughtheirOwneyes.31andencouragingthemtoobservethelifetheclosefriendsoftheirAmericanparentsaremostly

19

武汉理J:大学硕十学位论文

children.Thebothsidescouldcommunicateequally.钔Americanparentsgenerallyrespecttheirchildren’sprivacy.

What

rightsofaretheChinesefamilyeducationapproaches?1)Thechildrenhavelessparticipate.Theyarelecturestobedocileandagreeable.21

areTheyhavelessrightsofoption.Manythingsdoneattheparents’willordecidedbythe

parents.31Theparentssometimes

themselvesandthechildren.SOpatriarchalthatwidenthedistancebetween

Americanparentsfavortheopeneducationpatternandentitlethechildrenthefightsofparticipate,optionandself-determination。1)The

everythingshouldbedone

areAmericansholdthatbythechildrenthemselves,duringarewhichtheirexperiencesandskillsincreased,abilityandconfidencestrengthened.They

offerthechildrenthekeysratherthanunlockthedoorforthem.21Playingisthemostimportant

arewaytolearn.InAmerica,thesparetimeandanplayingplacesofouting.Andthechildrenrich.Onholidays,they.arealwaystakenfor

parentsusuallyparticipateintheactivitiesoftheschools.

TheeducationpatterninChinaisrelativelyclose.Firstly,theparentsfavorlecturingthechildren,whileattachlessimportancetothepracticalactivities.Thechildrenareexclusivelyrequiredtobedocileandstudydiligently.Secondly,childrenhavefewchancestotheoutdooractivitiesowingtotheburdensomehomework.

Therearemanyadvantagesofdemocraticeducationpattern:1)Stress—freeenvironmentisnecessary

based

toontoinspirecreativity.Creatingtherelaxenvironmentistheequalrelationshipbetweentheparentsandchildren.2)ItisfavorabletheformingofwholeandSOundpersonality.Theconfidence,responsibilityand

areindependenceenhancedastherightsofchildrenhaveincrease.

3.2nereasonsofthedifferences

Why

educationdothedifferencesemergebetweentheChineseandwhichareAmericanfamilyemphasizedhighiybyparentsfromthebothcountriesinthesamemodernsociety?Thefollowingwouldbethereasons:

武汉理l:大学硕十学位论文

3.2.1Differenthistoricalbackgrounds

TheUnitedStates

areisanationofimmigrantswithshorthistory,whereold—fashionedideas

developedseldomkeptdown;newideascouldbeacceptedeasilyandundertheinfluenceoftheunrestrictedly

isamulti-culturalvalues.Meanwhile,Chinacountrywithlonghistorywherethevaluesaremostly

withdrawn,conservativeandlackofventuresomeandinnovativespiritsbecauseoftheinfluenceofoldrestrictsandsmall-scalepeasanteconomy.

3.2.2Differenteconomicpatterns

Withadvancedproductiveforce,boomingeconomy,acornucopiaofemploymentopportunitiesandlightlivingstress,Americanpeoplehaveboarderrangeofchoicesandopenercareersvalves.Inthiscompetence—orientedsociety,parentssupposethatanyvocationisequal,nohighandlow.ButChinaisadegree-orientedsocietywithbackwardeconomy,inwhichthelivingstressisheavy.Peoplealwaysplacethehappinessofthewholeononevocation.Sothe

andfindingaChineseparentsholdthatthebestwayoflifeisdoingwellinstudy

goodjob.Thereafter,theobjectofeducationistoreceivehJighereducationandholdadvancedacademicdegrees.

3.2.3Differentculturaltraditions

3.2.3.1DifferentValueorientations

American

whoseculturalpeoplecoreemphasizetheindividualinterestandself-achievement,isman-oriented.Inthefamily,individualhasthehighestfightandisindependentofthefamilyrelationship.Sotheparentstreatthemselvesandthechildrenastwounattachedunits.Theyesteemtheirchildren'sinterestsandchoices,andwouldnot

alegiVeuptheirownhobbies.Chinesepeopleparticularaboutthecommonnessthatcollectiveinterestis

thefamily,parentstreattheirchildrenasthesuperiortotheindividual's.In

extendingoftheirownvalues.Childrenarethewholecontentoftheirlifewhosefuturelifehasbeendesignedbytheirparentsinadvance.Therefore,relatedtothe

武汉理l:人学硕十学位论文

children’scompetence,Chineseparents’expectationistoohigh

3.2.3.2Differentmodesofthinking

Americansaresorationalthattheirfamilyeducationstressestotreatthefamilymembersandaffairsrationally.Attheirpoints,theobligationsoffosteringandeducatingthechildrenareequaltotheonestothesociety,notstartingwith

theraisingofchildtheinterestofthewhole

asfamiliesandthemselves.Supposingtheobligation,theydon’thavethetraditionofraisingchildrentoprovidefor

aoldage.Notseekingthisrebound,livingintheoldfolk’shomeis

end—result.

Chinesetreatfamilyrelationshiponnaturalthebaseofaffection.MostChineseparentseducatetheirchildrenundertheconsiderationofsupportingofoldagerealizingtheirownambitions

properties.Theirmeticulous

thefavorsfromtheir

aresoandsincetheyseemthechildrenastheirpersonalcaretothechildrenhidestheirmotivestoreciprocateitisnotchildren.ThereforedifficulttounderstandwhyChineseparentsdeterminedto,seetheirchildrensucceedinlife.

武汉理I:人学硕士学位论文

ChapterIVThesimilaritiesinChineseand

Americanfamilyeducation

4.1TheessentialsimilaritiesinChineseandAmericanfamilyeducation

Amongtheparents,familyeducationisthe

realizingmoreandmoredifferencesandconstanttopic.Wehavebeendisadvantages.ThevoicetoreformChinesefamilyeducationandschooleducationisincreasinglylouder.Ithasarousedtheinterestoftheacademicworldinwhichtheresearchersandeducatorshavedevotedthemselvestothisfieldforseveralyearsanddidputforwardsnumerousvaluedsuggestions.AmongthesemostareraisedunderthecomparisonwiththefamilyeducationofwesterncountriesrangingfromthecausestotheresultswhichIhavementionedinchapter111,Afterreadingmanybooksonthefamilyeducationandcountlessinstances011thenewspaperandmagazines,besidestheproblemsmanyeducatorshavebeenconcerning,IcometobeinterestedinthesimilaritycomparisonbetweenChineseandAmericanfamilyeducation.Inthisthesis,Iamtryingto

thefamilyeducationsoftwocomeupwithsomesimilaritiesbetweenthisattemptI'dliketooffer

SOacountries.ThroBghfewupcommonplace

withvaluableremarksbythewayofintroductionthatothersmaycomeopinions.The

andculturalsimilaritiesarethebasicofcrOSS—culturalresearch.“ChineseculturesaretraditionalcultureforeignperfectingbytheessencecombinationofChinesecultures.”(顾嘉祖,2000:77—78)Thissubject

peopleofalloverwhicharousestheinterestofthe

theequalcommunicationstheworldwoulddeveloponandcomparisons.

sense4.1.1Theessentialsimilaritiesinlife

Generallyspeaking,familyasalivingstyleofhumanbeingsmakesthefamilyeducationbethebehaviorthathasthelifesense.Inthe

animalswholiveinthefamilygroupareanimalkingdom,thetakingthefamilyeducationaswell.They西

武汉理I:人学硕十学位论文

developtheirchildren’slivingcompetenceindifferentways,andevenabandontheirchildrencompulsorilytorealizetheirultimateindependencewhentheyounggrow“p.Thegrownanimalsseemthaitheyknowinstinctivelywhatkindofeducationcouldbenefitmoretheyoung.Thistouchinglovethatisundertheobjectofbreedingbutseemsmercilessmakestheeffectivefamilyeducationwork.

thewhole(张进峰,2005:52)Forhumanbeings,familyeducationhasthe

essentialsimilaritywiththeanimals’lifesense.Theybotheducateandguidetheiroffspringbytheirparents’loveandtorealizetheyoung’sindependence.

4.1.2Theessentialsimilaritiesincultural

Intheworldcivilizationhistory,somecultures

timeandspaceCallsensestrideacrossthegapsofandshowthemarveloussimilaritiesindifferentregionsandtimes.Itisnotthecoincidentsincesimilartothedevelopmentofhumansocietytheculturesdevelopastheirown

inprocessandthislaws.Ontheotherhand,sincethehumanbeingparticipates

similaritiesare

betweenChinaevolution丛thecommonelement.theseeasternandwesterncultures,boundtoexist.AstherepresentsofandAmerica,thereare

aredistinctculturaldiversities.However,onthefamilyeducation,therestill

aremanysimilarities.“Thegroupnatureandgroupphenotypeofhumanbeingscategorized.”(李述一,李小兵,1987:7)

inthebasiclivingunitof

educationrendersFamilyeducationasthecommonculturalphenomenonsocietyinevitablyhasthesimilarculturalnature.“Family

individualswisdomtofacehimthatistheundevelopedformofindividualspiritOrtheinitialstandpointofindividuallife.”(张迸峰,2005:54)4.2ThecontentsimilaritiesinChineseandAmericanfamilyeducation

Besidesthefollowingthreepoints,there

ChineseandAmericanaremanyothercontentsimilaritiesintofamilyeducation,forinstance,attachingimportancepreschooleducation,cherishingtime,beingbrave,honest,etc.However,becauseofthediversitiesofculturaltraditionsandthinkingmodes,thegeneralcharactersofculturalphenomenaarenotthesame,but

24similar,withthecharacteristicof

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

similarity—and—diversitycoexistence.

4.2.1

Moraleducationwiththe

core

oflove

Moralvalueisthemotiveforceofhumanbehaviorbelongingtothecultureof

thewholehumanbeings.Infactmanycountriesholdtheidenticalmoralviews,althoughthey

are

havingbeentaughtbydifferentstories

andtraditionsindifferent

cultures.In

key

bothChineseandAmericanfamily,moraleducationallalongisthe

underthe

different

pO妇.Forming

cultural

backgrounds,Chinese

love

and

American

and

moralityhasdifferenttonesand

cofc

implications.But

and

kindness

havethesame

kindness

and

arc

thereflectionsofuniversal

humanmorality.Sympathy

and

offerhuman

beings

deepsatisfactory

happiness.Onthis

commonpointofChineseandAmericanmorality,twocountriesmoralframesandits

construct

their

of

connotationsundertheirown

ideology.On

thebase

Confucian“Goodnessofnature”,Chineseputsmoralityforehead.Cultivatingtobe

perfectlyvirtuouspersonisthesupremerealmofbehavior

offamily

and

the

core

contenteducation

as

as

well.E.g.:‘‘On

be

doneby

goodretumdeserves

another.’’

(‘"Mencius’,)“Do

‘‘The

youwould

as

other.”("AnalectsofConfucius”)

aU

benevolence

is

perfect

as

transparentwater.”(“老子’,)etc.Theyare

Chineseparents’untiringand

sincere

teachings.ContrastingwithChinesemoral

responsesthedoctrinesof

system,theoriginof

Americanmorality

Christianity.

isthe

core

Theyunderscore

thedoctrinesofliberty,equality

andfraternity.Love

virtues

are

viftuethatpermeatedwith“theBible”.Fromthe

this,many

extendedtobe

contents

of

American

familyeducation,for

instanceendurance,sympathy,

honesty,courage,responsibilityandfaithfulness

etc.

4.2.2Intelligenteducationofdiligentstudy

Knowledgeistheprimaryproductiveforcethatdirectlydecidesnational

prosperity

and

personal

needs

SUCCess.Booksaretheaccumulationofknowledgeand

US

experience,which

educationofboth

heritageanddevelopby

study.Therefore,thefamily

countries

stressesstudydeeply.Itissaidthatstudyissuperiorto

ant

othervacationsin

China.(“万般皆下品唯有读书高”)In

25

ancienttimes,the

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

objectsofstudyordinaryalefortheimperialexamination,ma“ng

areanameorbringinghonortohisfamily.Althou曲theyutilitarian,theyembroiderthe

patriotismandthespiritofcultivatingoneselfthroughmeditation.Innowadays,theparentshavesimplifiedtheobjectsofstudy,strikingtheirutilitarianism.Sincetheancienttime,themaximsofdiligentstudyinfamilymottosabound.Thereisnoroyalroadto

onlearning.(“书山有路勤为径,学海无语苦作舟”)Achievementrecklessness.(“业精于勤荒于嬉”)

neverisfoundeddiligenceandwasteduponDiligenceredeemsstupidity.(“勤能补拙”)Itis

alwaystakethetoolatetolearn.(“活到don’tattach老,学到老”)We

importancemisconceptionthatAmericanstothechildren’sstudy.ButthehiglllymodernizationofUnitedStates

areowestothemasteryandapplicationofscienceandknowledgewhich

ofdiligentstudy.“Geniusisonethefruitspercentofinspirationandninety—ninepercentof

parentsalsothinkhighlyofchildren’sstudy.perspiration.’’(Edison)American

They

atmosphereforthem.Foralwaysencouragetheirchildrentoreadgoodbooksandcreatethereadinginstance,theyfrequentlytakethechildrentothelibrary,bookstores,etc.Theyalsoencouragethekidstoraisemorequestionsandsolvetheproblembyreadingandself-thinking,arousetheirinterestsandthirstforknowledge,andcultivatetheirenterprisingspirit.JustasthePresidentofHarvardUniversityMr.Livensaid,“Youshouldquestion

toeverything.一althouglldofurtherisyououghtraisethequestionsfirst.whatyoumustacquiringmoreinformation

reachedbythrougllreadingtosolvethesequestions.Thentheconclusionsareyourindependentthinking.”(张国骥,2005)Comparing

importancewiththecriticalnessofAmericans’,Chineseattachmoretotheauthorityand

memorizingofthebooks.Asthesayinggoes,“AfterreadingupthreehundredTangpoems,youcanatleastintonepoemsevenyoucan'twritethem.”(熟读唐诗三百首,不会吟诗也会吟。)

4.2.3Habiteducationofthrift

HardworkingandthriftyarethetraditionalChinese

closelywithself-cultivation,moralityasvirtues.Theyrelatewellasthewholecountry’sfuture.Since

武汉理I:人学硕十学位论文

theancientChina,thrifthasbeencollectinginthefamilymotto.ZhuGeliangsaid“Virtuesinitwe

can

once

come

make

fromthe

use

thrift.”(俭以养德)Intoday’Ssociety,thereismuch

of.Beingthrifty,notluxuriousistheeternalinsuranceof

prosperity.As

all

thefamilyitspeople

even

the

country’s

slack

on

economicsuperpower-?America,

temper

arenever

thethriftyeducation.Theparentsdevelopand

thechildren’Swillpowerinordertomakethemadaptthemselvestocircumstances

and

enablethemthe

are

competence

of

independence.Whenthechildrenareveryintherichfamilies,ofthrift

young,they

madetodothe

washing,cleaning.Even

right

childrendothepart—timedevelopingintheir

job

atthe

age.The

virtue

hasbeen

practice.The

oil

tycoon

Rockefellerhasset

goodexample.

As

youngboy,hemadethepocketmoneybyworkingforhisfather,andwas

even

verythrifty

notlikebomin

richfamily.But

on

thispoint,Chinesefamilies’pocket

money

are

educationmethodsareacceptedby

different.Working

forthecannot

be

manyChinese

families,since

theAmericanstheindividual

departmentalismwhileChinesearethecollectivedepartmentalism.(黄河清,

2003:14)

4.3Thesimilaritiesintraditionalcultureeducatingtrends

Chinesedeveloping

and

American

family

educationhave

experienced

thesame

circle“pampering-strictness-pampering'’owing

todifferentre3sons.

Nowtheyareshowingthetendencyofdrawingbacktothetraditions.Sincethe

ancient

Chinese

collectivism,theancients’familyeducationWas

thematterforthe

wholefamilyratherthantheindividual.Ithadthebothsynchronicsenses.Soitisextremelystrict.However,asthe

and

diachronic

family

rivinglevel’Sraising,the

ofwestemsuffers

ideology

completelynegatingof

our

traditionsandtheaccepting

withoutcarefulunderstanding,our

modem

family

education

losing.There

are

numberofproblemswillful

on

thepoor-educated

sense

children.Theyareselfish,fragile,

other

andandlackoftheof

responsibility,etc.Meanwhile,the

traditionalvalues

countriesaredeeplyinterestedin

our

and

drawingthelessons

27

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

fromthem.SomeAmericanuniversitieschoose“Artof

therequiredtextbook.JapaneseenterprisersWar”(《孙子兵法》)觞Bootsoftreasures“TheWisdom”(《菜根谭》)alot.SingaporeanschoolsalsoadoptsomeConfuciusworkstotheirtextbooks.Chinesepeoplehavebeenrealizingthevalueofthetraditionalculturesanddrawingbacktothem.Thesame

thesimilarprocess.In1930s,when

levelwaslowandtheirfamilyasChina,Americahasexperiencedtheeconomywasdepressed,people’slivingtheeconomydeveloped

liberalizedideology

outeducationwasstrict.Whenrapidlyinthepostwarperiod,sincetheanti-traditionalanddivorcerate’sandraising,parentspamperedthechildrenmuchofthe

compensation.Underthisgrowingenvironment,childrenbecameself-centeredandspoiled.Theywere“theBeatenGeneration’’whorebelledagainstthe

parentshavetraditionsandwasoutcontrolandguide.Therefore,theAmerican

introspectedandtriedtoretumthetraditions.ThemosttypicalexampleisthefamoussingerMadonna.Asayounggirl,shewasselfindulged

aandrebelledagainsttraditions.Astimegoesby,being

herselfandeducatesherkidsmotherwithtwol【ids.sheretrainsstrictly.(何洪泽,2005)28

武汉理r大学硕十学侍论文

ChapterVConclusion

5.1Conclusionoftheresearch

The

comparison

between

the

family

education

of

China

on

andAmerica

embodiestheculturalsimilaritiesand

especially

has

its

differences.Theresearch

individual

to

thesimilaritiescountry,the

value.ne

on

first.fromthe

communication

are

isbased

themutualunderstanding

or

andidentification.People

eachotherbythese

similarityisthe

pointswhile

second,

enabledto

accept,amalgamate

oppugn,abnegate

similarities.Theegointegrityhasachievedvery

then.Therefore,the

andseeking

joints

ofCROSS—cultural

communication

common

reservingdifferenceisthepremiseofthesuccessfulthesimilaritiespresenting

communication.The

between

the

countries

differgreatlyincultureshavethe

toholdmayexist

moreuniversal

Sell.qC.The

sameviewshappening

muchmore

are

rationallyandmuchconformtothenaturallaws.Theseuniversalvaluesright

are

the

cultural

essence

ofof

humanbeings,and

the

cross?time?and—spacesimilarities

third,thesamecultural

learnedunderthe

thetrue

meanings

any

family

and

educationas

or

well.The

can

phenomenonof

differentregions

times

onlybe

condition

ofitsdifferences

similaritieshavebeencomprehensivelyresearched.

differencesmustbe

realized

on

The

deep

cognition

of

cultural

in

the

thebaseofChinese

similarities.Thelast.American

cross—culturalcommunication

justnoticethe

one

of

and

then

family

education,peopleusually

difference

and

formthenegationandbiastowardthenative

the

case

butworshipthewestblindly.As

our

standsthatthereislargenumberofsimilaritiesbetween

and

traditional

models

family

education

American’s

inmany

aspects.Thedifferentculture

resultinthedifferentdeeds.Proceedingfromthenativefactsweshouldtakethestraightlooktothetwo

countries’family

education,selectthe

refinedanddiscard

the

crude.Therefore,ourfamilyeducationcould

cultural

vitality

while

begreatlydevelopedandentitled

in

the

mutual

strongerself-perfecting

culture—complementarywith

American’s.

29

亟坚垄!:查兰堡±兰生笙奎

5.2Suggestions

to

improvecross—culturalawareness

Thirtyyearsago,theCanadianwriterMarshallMcLuhanintroducedthe

termofglobal

villagetoexpresstheideathattheworldseemstobegetting

smaller.TheplanetEarthisnotshrinking,buttimeAtthattimethis

and

space

are(Davis,2001:5).

Imagewasregarded

new

asall

abs仃actideaanddeservedlittleattention.However,

technology,intheencouraged

form

of

transportation

the

process

andof

and

highly

developed

communication

systems,has

and

no

accelerated

globMization.Nowadays,theglobalvillageiscertainty.

longerabstractbutvirtualwith

Oneofthedirectoutcomesfromtheglobalizationisthatthepeopleespeciallybetweenthosewho

contact

between

come

fromdifferentcultures,hasbeenmore

or

andmorefrequent.Since

peopleareinclinedtointerprettheunfamiliarthingsphenomenaintermsoftheirownworldoutlooksandcultures,moreproblems

and

more

andmisunderstandings

butin

ariseinevitably,notonlyinthe

aspect

offamily

education

manyotheraspects.Clearly,somethingmorethanthecontact

another.

itselfisneededifpeoplewhodoshare

cultureare

of

to

understand

goal

of

to

one

Cross—cultural

awarenessis

to

just

one

them.The

CROss.culturalhelp

communication,according

people’S

Professor

SO

Hu

Wenzhong,“is

increase

cross—culturalawareness

thatfewerproblemsariseintheirinteraction

withpeopleofanotherculture.Todothis.itis

necessarytocompareestablishing

similarities

cultures

for

and

identify

differences”(Hu,1988:7).Many

successful

other

scholarsalsoholdthesameideathatbased

on

cross?cultural

one

understandingis

wellasthe

recognizing

thewayinwhichtheyresembleanotheras

wayinwhichthediffer.

The

worldtodayischaracterizedby

an

ever

growingnumberof

contacts

resultingin

communication

betweenpeoplewithdifferentlinguisticandcultural

takesplace

backgrounds.Thiscommunication

areas

of

because

ofcontactswithinthe

business,military

cooperation,science,education,massmedia,

武汉理t:大学硕十学位论文

entertainment,tourismbutalsobecauseofimmigrmionbroughtaboutbylaborshortageorpoliticalconflicts.

1nallthiscontacts.thereiscommunicationwhichneedstobeasconstructive

beliefthat

canaspossible,withoutmisunderstandingsandbreakdowns.Itisresearchonourthenatureofculturalsimilaritiesanddifferenceshereplaya

positiveandconstructiverole.

TherearegreatdisparitiesbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesinideas,methodsandcontentoffamilyeducation.SOthecomparativestudyofChinese&

USAmericanfamilyeducationwillhelpincreasecrOSS?cultural

andawarenessthattolerating,understanding,andfurthermore,appreciating

differencesisessentialifwe

interaction.arerespectingculturaltoachievecross—culturalcompetenceduringthe

Moreover,aswecommunicatewithpeoplefromdifferentcultures,wewilllearnmoreaboutthemandtheirwayoflife,includingtheirhistory,valuesandthesubstanceoftheirpersonality,andeventuallywewill

onunderstandthembetter,perhaps,evenempathizethem.Basedtheabove—mentionedpurposes,Ihope

thisresearch,tosomeextent,beofsignificancebotlltheoreticallyandpractically.ThegoalofcrOSS-culturalcommunication

doesthehelpstoincreaseresearchpeople’Sthroughcross-culturalawareness.sopurposeofthis

comparativestudy,whichhasbeenmentionedinChapterI.onhowtoimprovecross-culturalawareneSS,scholarsandexpertshaveputforwardmanysuggestionsandmodels.Whatever

self-awarenesstheyare,generallyspeaking,twopointsaleveryimportant:andempathy.

In“Self-awareness

ourselvesasModel”(1986)。Bennettisthebasisofbetterassumesthatunderstandingculturalbeingsadjustmenttoanewculture(Cben&Starosta1997:265).EdwardT.Hallalsoemphasizestheimportanceofself-awarenesswhenhewrites,“Culturehidesmorethanitreveals,andstrangelyenoughwhatithides,ithidesmosteffectivelyfromitsownparticipants.Yearsofstudyhaveconvincedmethattherealjobisnottounderstandforeignculturesbut31

武汉理1人学硕十学位论文

toundemtandour

own”(HMI,1990:29).From

whattheysaid,we

are

can

understand

thatcross—culturalawarenessandself-awarenessorderto

successfullyinteract

our

interacting.Thatistosay,inothercultures

wehave

to

with

people

from

understandownandtheothers’cultural

values,norm,customs,and

social

systems.Lackinginself-awarenessnegatesCROSS-culturalawareness.Thehiddenpersonalpremises

are

oftenthe

cause

of

many

of

our

problems.Cross-cultural

awarenesscomplimentsin-depthself-awareness.

厶缸as

empathyisconcerned.it

can

bedefined

as

theabilitytoseethings

fromthepointofviewofothers.Needlesstosay,itisqualitythatrecognizedcentral

an

essentialandnecessary

successfulcross—culturalcommunicatormust

possess,forit

hasbeenand

as

as

important

of

to

bothgeneral

and

communicationcompetence

effective

intercultural

characteristic

et

competent

commutation

(Samovara1.,2000:259)Hanvey

once

classifiedCTOSS—culturalawarenessinto

differences

are

fourlevelsinhisbook:Levelcultural

One,cultural

exotic;LevelTwo,

isbelievable;

differences

are

frustrating;LevelThree,thedifferent

culture

LevelFour,thedifferent

culture

isbelievable

out

aslivedthe

experience(Davis,

for

CROSS—cultural

2000:29-30).Meanwhile,he

communicators

istoreach

pointed

that

goal

LevelThree

or

atleast

someaspectsof

Level

Four

one’s

awareness(Hu,1988:238).Since

emotional

movingtohigherlevelsinvolveschanging

responses

tootherswho

aredifferent,therefore

cannotbe

one

needstheabilityto

empathy.Althoughcompleteempathy

extent,weneeddependdevelop

our

on

experiencedbyanyone,to

our

great

empathy

to

enhance

cross-culturalawarenessand

us.

relationshipswitIlpeoplefrom

culturesdifferentfrom

5.3SuggestionsaboutChinesefamilyeducation

5.3.1Ontheaspectofeducation

Accordingtothe

objects

and

chapterIV,the

analysisinchapterIII

on

objects

ofboth

countries’familyeducationstressmore

the“skilledperson’’thanthe‘‘qualifiedshouldbethecombinationofthesetwo

the

latten

Chinese

person.’’The

successfulfamily

education

aspects,theprincipalobjectofwhichshouldbefamily

武汉理I‘人学硕十学位论文

education

usually

ne酉ects

are

thechildren’s

subjective

wishes.Inthe

family

education,childreneducation

on

themainbodyandtheinternal

cause

ofwhetherthefamily

object

couldberealized.Therefore,parentsshouldpaymoreattention

are

thechildren’Swishesratherthanthemselves’.Followingthisaspect:

First,althoughthechildren

are

somesuggestions

on

dependent

on

theparents,theyand

are

independent

individualswhohave

independentopinionsunderstandings.Listening

attentivelytothechildren’Sbasicrequests.

idesand

consideringcarefullytheiropinionsarethe

Second,whentheconflictofparents’andchildren’SideasshouldanalyzethesituationtothechildrenBeingleftthe

coming

up,parents

calmlyratherthanforcethemtoobey.

right

ofchoiceandresponsibility,children

could

behelpedtomake

theratioualchoices.

5.3.2Ontheaspectofeducation

contents

soundbasismastery

of

ComparingwiththeAmericanchildren,Chinesechildrenhaveof

knowledgeowing

to

the

Chinesetraditionof

stressing

the

knowledge.Butitisobviously

utilitarian.Ahigh

he

markinexamisnotthesole

standard

other

ofagoodstudent.Childrenshouldevaluatedcomprehensively.Onthe

hand,inthesocietywithhotcompetition,survivalvitaltothechildren.

education

and

financing

educationare

5.3.3Ontheaspectofeducationmethods

Chineseparentsshouldgivechildrenthe

chance

tomakemistakesandthen

con'ect

them.Sinceevery

mistake

wouldpaythe

price,parents

alwaysgooutof

theirway

toavoidthechildren

making

mistakesrather

save

thanencourage

them

to

makethejudgrnentbythemselves.The

children’Schanceto

familyeducationwhichdeprivesthe

makemistakes

deprivestheirchanceofaccumulatingliving

experience勰well.Failure

isthemotherofsuccess.Chinesefamouseducator

Tao

Xingzhihasputforwardsix“liberations".(TaoXingzhi:1980)Liberatethe

children'sminds,letthemthinkbythemselves;liberatethechildren’Shands,let

33

武汉理I:大学硕十学位论文

themdobythemselves;liberatethechildren’seyes,letthemseetheworldbythemselves;liberatethechildren’smouths,letthemaskquestionstothenaturebythemselves;liberatethechildren’stime,letthemcreate

themselves.whattheyimageby

亟望型!;叁兰堡±兰壁堡茎

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武汉理T大学硕十学位论文

Acknowledgements

manypeoplewhohaveassistedmeintheperiodofmyMythanksgoto

three-yearstudyandinthepreparationofthisthesis.Inparticular,Iowemuchgratitudetomysupervisor

andProfessorcriticismWeiWandeconcerningfurthehisthoughtfulideas,suggestions,commentspresentthesis.His

sedousnessinacademicresearchandpatienceheshowedduringthelongprocessoftherevisionofmydraftsspurredme

Ianlalot.SchoolofForeignlanguage,

ondeeplyindebtedtoalltheprofessorsintheWuhanUniversityofTechnology,fortheirenlighteninginstructions

avarioustopicswhichhaveprovidedmewithsystematicunderstandingofthefieldof

AppliedLinguisticsandgreatlybenefitedmyintellectualgrowth.

WordsfailmetoexpressmyheartythankstoLiHui,,LiShuangshuang,Dong

developedYun,BoLiliandMingHongwithwhomIdiscussedmanyoftheideas

inthethesis.Theirencouragementmeantagreatdealtome.

IamalsothankfultomyparentSandmyboyfriend.Withouttheirloveandsupport,thisthesiswouldnothavebeencompleted.

中美家庭教育的跨文化研究

中美家庭教育的跨文化研究

作者:

学位授予单位:杨恒武汉理工大学

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8.学位论文 刘海华 0-3岁儿童隔代教养现状与对策研究 2006

0-3岁儿童的隔代教养是中国家庭教育的一种主要形式。近年来,0-3岁儿童的隔代教养虽已引起社会的关注,但与此相关的实证研究并不多见。本研究是在先行研究的基础上,以吉林省两个经济文化差异显著的城市(长春市和白城市)的132个参与0-3岁儿童隔代教养的祖辈家长为主要研究对象,采用质化和量化相结合的研究方法,探讨0-3岁儿童隔代教养的现状,剖析隔代教养弊端产生的原因,并就如何提高0-3岁儿童隔代教养质量提出建议。 研究发现:1、在0-3岁儿童隔代养育中,祖辈家长缺少辅食添加,断奶,饮食合理搭配等方面知识,娇惯孙子(女)现象较为普遍。

2、在0-3岁儿童的隔代教育中,祖辈家长存在着期望过高,不能正确认识早期家庭教育的作用,对于0-3岁儿童行为习惯的培养重视不够等方面的偏差。祖辈家长关于儿童心理健康的知识极为贫乏,缺乏将日常生活与孙子(女)教育相结合的意识,忽视游戏在儿童智力开发中的作用。

本研究认为0-3岁儿童隔代教养弊端产生的原因有:家本位价值取向的影响、不合理的社会用人制度、大众传媒夸大的宣传和高等教育资源有限。针对以上现状,本研究提出如下对策:创办隔代家长学校;利用幼儿园师资优势,给0-3岁儿童祖辈家长提供免费咨询和讲座;成立以“五老”为核心的祖辈家长委员会;父辈与祖辈优势互补,建立家庭教育中的“统一战线”和加强大众传媒对0-3岁儿童隔代教养的正确导向功能,以期提高0-3岁儿童隔代教养的质量。

9.期刊论文 彭健 中西文化差异在家庭教育中的体现 -广东技术师范学院学报2009,30(3)

家庭教育是每个人在成长过程中都必须接受的教育.家庭教育是文化的一部分,不同的国家有着不同的文化,中西文化的差异在家庭教育中的体现也是方方面面的,主要体现在家长在孩子成长过程中有怎样的教育理念、教育方法、价值观、道德观等,这一切将影响孩子的一生.了解中西文化差异,学习和研究中西方文化差异在家庭教育中的各种体现,有助于我们在家庭教育方面取长补短,使我国的家庭教育日臻完善,培养出更多的有用之才.

10.学位论文 蔡苔芬 教育与温馨家庭的营造 2006

本研究命题为“教育与温馨家庭的营造”。之所以将教育与营造温馨家庭相提并论,是要探讨如何借助教育的力量,发挥其功能,提升家庭成员营造温馨家庭的能力。教育对象是一般家庭的成员,无论结构为“核心家庭”或“大家庭”皆在讨论之列,而大家庭、小家庭的交集是家庭中坚份子的“中青代”父母/夫妻,因此依其生长从小到老的进程,本文从每一个受教阶段分层剖析,探讨教育如何养成个人的生活能力。

将家庭气氛纳入研究的重点,实乃鉴于现实环境中看到了因社会转型,家庭的结构在变迁,家庭成员的心态在变化:结构是日益松散,成员关系是日益疏离,家已不再是成员最牵挂的所在,致力于家庭经营的努力越来越薄弱,影响所及是社会问题丛生。气氛良好的家庭,成员互动积极而正向,凝聚家庭成员的意志,人人从心出发,身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平,自古有明训,不容置疑。

良好的家庭氛围能使孩子活泼开朗、积极向上。因此,建立和谐、愉快、整洁、有序、完好的家庭氛围是保证孩子健康成长的有利途径。它对实际

生活可起指导与安抚作用:家庭成员不只是在家庭中生活,他们会散至各个不同的社会场景;当人们在社会上受到伤害,回到家中可得到关爱、鼓励与安慰,所有的失落得到补偿——社会的伤在家中得到护理,这就是温馨家庭的存在意义。致力营造温馨家庭,实乃当务之急,也是为生病的社会下针砭的不二法门。研究“如何透过教育来挽回家庭功能的健全发展而营造温馨家庭”就成为本论文的主轴。本文将通过对各学习阶段与各范畴的教育功能的探讨,检验其对家庭的影响——尤其是当学校教育、社会教育与家庭教育本身相结合时,对每一个家庭的温馨气氛的营造能有怎么样的助益。本研究主要探讨下列问题:

1.温馨家庭及其价值:什么是温馨家庭?营造温馨家庭的实践意义是什么?对个人与社会能产生什么影响?并探究当代家庭中温馨的失落与寻思:传统社会走向现代化,家庭结构起了变化,家庭困境迭现,如何脱困?

2.温馨家庭与教育的关系:从温馨家庭与教育的双向关系谈开去,研讨温馨家庭对教育的影响及教育对温馨家庭的作用。

3.温馨家庭的营造:从学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育等范畴分层剖析,如何发挥教育的功能,落实终身学习的教育理念以有助于温馨家庭的营造。

行文内容跳脱出传统的学校教育机制,而将教育的无处不在结合终身学习理念,通过体制外的教育力量来作出统整,企求每一个家庭成员在生命的各阶段皆有机会接受到正面的引导或观念的厘清。研究的目的即在于普及终身学习的观念与提升营造温馨家庭的共识,俾便在家庭的经营中能呈现健康面貌,进而端正风气,让全民生活素质提高,社会安和乐利。

全文除导言、结语外分为五章。论文的第一章首先分析家庭的结构与功能,并论及家庭的发展趋势;进而提出温馨家庭的概念,从“要素”、“辨认指标”、“文化差异”与“家庭观”等各角度来诠释“温馨家庭”;并探究现实存在的问题及其原因分析,从现代家庭中温馨的失落谈起,寻思因应策略,以温馨家庭的价值来阐述它对个人及社会的意义。论文的第二章则从温馨家庭与教育的双向关系着笔,先分析温馨家庭对教育的影响,再本着德、智、体、群、美五育并重的教育实践去说明教育发挥功能后对温馨家庭的作用。论文的第三章至第五章则由学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育等层面深入地讨论价值观的课题。因价值观的不同,各层面的教育模式有了因应的改变,教育内容也有了百花齐放的热闹,进一步引发了探讨:学校、家庭与社会如何提供对家庭成员最适合的教育,介绍了为家庭中坚份子的中青代父母所设计的新学科体系。论文的第五章论及社会教育时,从终身学习的意义、概念的缘起、落实的契机谈开去,最终论及健全社会教育的机制,以提升全民生活智慧,达致营造温馨家庭的最终目的。

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