八年级上语文周末综合训练
一． 改正下列词语中的错别字
眼花瞭乱 阻遏 张慌失措 寒禁 名幅其实 拂晓 建忘 肃穆 荒戮 地窖
二、.给下列字注音
拂（ ）晓 仄（ ）歪 锐不可当（ ）阻遏（ ）匍匐（ ）瓦砾（ ） 三、 下列成语运用不完全正确的一项是（ ）
A、几乎所有的造假者都是这样，随便找几间房子，拉几个人就开始生产，于是大量的垃圾食品厂就雨后春笋．．．．般地冒了出来。 B、李白的“白发三千丈”这句诗大胆地运用夸想象的手法，把郁积在诗人胸中的“愁”描摹得淋漓尽致．．．．。 C、在这场抗击“非典”的战役中，广大医务工作者始终战斗在最前战，他们中的感人事迹不胜枚举．．．．。 D、看到电视画面上数百头藏羚羊被盗猎分子枪杀而横尸荒野的惨状，我们无不感到义愤填膺．．．．
，恨不得立即将犯罪分子绳之以法。 四．选出下列句子没有语病的一句（ ）
A.为了防止校园安全问题不再发生，各个学校都加强了安全保卫工作。 B.在“亚运会”的筹备会上，各相关部门交换了广泛的意见。
C.我们的教育应该培养学生善于观察、善于思考、善于创造的水平。 D.一本好书可以给你带来许多教益，甚至可以影响你的一生。
五．对联题
删改下面对联的下联，使之与上联对仗工整。（20xx年温州非课改区中考题） 上联：世事如棋，让一着不会亏我。
下联：心田好似大海，能够纳百川亦可容忍他人 删改后的下联：________________________________
六、说明文语段训练：
放射性同位素——核辐射的主角
①同位素就是一种元素存在着质子数相同而中子数不同的几种原子。由于质子数相同，所以它们的核电荷和核外电子数都是相同的，并具有相同核外电子排布。由于最外层电子数相同，因此原子核的某些物理性质也有所不同，例如放射性，并不是所以同位素都具有放射性，有放射性的同位素称为“放射性同位素”，没有放射性的则成为“稳定同位素”。大多数的天然元素都是由几种同位素组成，目前已知的稳定同位素约300多种，而放射性同位素竟达1500种以上。
②一般来说，原子质量很大金属，像鈈、铀、镭等，都具有较强的放射性，在化学元素周期表中，锕系元素和镧系元素以及铀元素全部带有放射性。另外某些原子质量小的同位素也带有放射性，如碳14、钴60。
③放射性同位素的原子核很不稳定，全不间断地，自发地放射出射线，直至变成另一种稳定同位素，这就是所谓“衰变”，放射性同位素在进行衰变的时候，可放射α射线、β射线、γ射线对人体危害不大，而γ射线对人体有较大的伤害，会诱发人体基因突变。
④放射性元素的原子核有半数发生衰变时所需要的时间，叫半衰期。换言之，半衰期是指某个样品中一半的原子核发生衰变所需的时间，不同放射性同位素的半衰期差异很大，短的只有几天、几个小时、几分钟，甚至不到1秒钟，长的却达几千年、几万年，甚至是几亿年，几十亿年，例如，日本“3.11”地震及海啸引发的核辐射中的
碘131的半衰期约为8天，铯137为30年，鈈239为24000年，铀238则为44.7亿年。半衰期越短，其原子越不稳定。
⑤经过连接的几个半衰期后，放射性同位素的活度会因衰变而减至初始活度的1/2、1/4、1/8，等等。这意味着我们可以预测任何时候的剩余活度。随着放射性同位素数量的减少，所发出的辐射也相应的减少。
⑥放射性同位素释放的放射性能够破坏活的细胞，对人体造成巨大的伤害，但在
医疗上，可以用来杀菌消灭微生物，并且可以用来杀灭癌细胞等。放射线也具有很强的贯穿能力，它可以用来观察固体内部的目标，就像x射线那样用于病灶的检查。在工业上，放射性也很多应用，例如用β射线来测量纸的厚度，用γ射线照片来检查机器内部结构等。
⑦当然，如果应用不当，核辐射也会造成难以估计的损失。 （选自《中技》20xx年第5期，有删改） 1.选文说明了哪几个方面的问题？请用简洁的语言概括。（3分）
2.选文主要运用了哪几种说明方法？请选择一种举例说明其作用。（4分）
3.第一段画线句中的“大多数”“目前”两个词语是否可以删去？为什么？（3分）
4.下面表述和推断与原文意思相符的一项是（ ）（3分）
A.人体基因突变是受放射性同位素进行衰变时放射出的γ射线影响造成的。
B.原子质量大和原子质量小的金属都可能带有放射性，一般来说原子量大的金属放射性更强。
C.医学上，可以用放射性同位素释放的放射线来杀灭癌细胞，但不会对人体造成其他方面的伤害。
D.某些放射性元素的半衰期虽然很长，但由于它的活度越来越小，所以它对人类与自然的影响不大。
5. 20xx年3月22日，日本发生9.0级大地震。大地震摧毁了日本福岛部分核反应堆，导致核辐射，造成了难以估计的损失，也引发了人们是否继续开发利用核能的争议。对此，你有怎样的看法？（4分）
七、课外文言文阅读
哀溺文
永①之氓②咸善游。一日，水暴甚，有五六氓，乘小船绝湘水。中济，船破，皆游。其一氓尽力而不能寻常③。其侣曰：“汝善游最也，今何后为？”曰：“吾腰千钱，重，是以后。”曰：“何不去之！”不应，摇其首。有顷，益怠。已济者立岸上，呼且号曰：“汝愚之甚，蔽之甚，身且死，何以货为？”又摇其首。遂溺死。
吾哀之。且若是，得不有大货④之溺大氓⑤者乎？
[注释]永：唐代地名，今永州。 ②氓：民，百姓。 ③寻常：古代计量单位，八尺为寻，十六尺为常，这里指平时。 ④大货：非常多的财物。 ⑤大氓：有钱有势的人。 6.解释句中加点的词。（4分）
①永之氓咸善游 咸： ②中济，船破，皆游 济： ③有顷，益怠 怠： ④又摇其首。遂溺死 遂： 7.翻译下列句子。（6分） ①其一氓尽力而不能寻常。 ②何不去之！ ③汝愚之甚，蔽之甚！
8.文中所写落水之人为何被溺死？他告诉我们什么道理？（4分
第二篇：英语说明文阅读
说明文（四）
Then world is divided（划分）into two parts. One half of the world is rich and the other is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people have never got enough to eat. When they are ill, none of the hospitals can accept them because they have no money. In the rich part, a lot of people eat too much. For example, a dog or a cat in North America eats better than a child in the poorer countries.
The poor countries have some difficult problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on. People there have neither rich land nor enough water. The land can be made better, but a lot of things must be done. The people must be taught and water must be found.
But rich countries have problems, too. There are not always good places to live in. sometimes the air is not clean and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to drink. The roads and streets are full of people and buses, cars and buses have to move slowly. Noise is too much. Some people don’t have houses. Something must be done about these problems. The air and the rivers must be cleaned and be kept clean. More houses have to be built. But these can’t be done easily.
1. According to the passage, the world is divided into two parts. One half is _______, and the other is _______.
A. east; west B. poor; rich C. north; south D. good; bad
2. In the poor part, _______.
A. many people have got enough to eat.
B. a child in the poor countries eats better than a dog or a cat in North America.
C. poor people cant’ go to hospital because they have no money.
D. the land is better than in the rich countries.
3. What is the problem of rich countries?
A. People have to move slowly.
B. The air is very clean.
C. The rivers are too dirty to swim in or to drink.
D. People have many houses.
4. What’s the meaning of the word’s “accept” in the sentence “None of the hospital can accept
them ...?”
A. 承认 B. 相信 C. 承兑 D. 接受
5. How to make poor countries rich?
A. The people in rice countries must give money to the poor countries.
B. Grow more plants in the poor countries.
C. The people must be taught.
D. The rich people must spend more money.
说明文（五）
People use their mouths for many things. They eat, talk, shout and sing. They smile and they kiss. In the English language, there are many expressions using the word mouth. But some of them are not so nice.
For example, if you say bad things about a person, the person might protest and say "Do not bad
mouth me."
Sometimes, people say something to a friend or family member that they later regret because hurts that person's feelings. Or they tell the person something they were not supposed to tell.
The speaker might say: "I really put my foot in my mouth this time." If this should happen, the speaker might feel "down in the mouth." In other words, he might feel sad for saying the wrong thing.
Sometimes when one person is speaking, he says the same thing that his friend was going to say. When this happens, the friend might say: "You took the words right out of my mouth!"
Some people have lots of money because they were born into a very rich family. There is an
expression for this, too. You might say such a person "was born with a silver spoon in his mouth." This rich person is the opposite of a person who lives "from hand to mouth." This person is very poor and only has enough money for the most important things in life, like food.
1. People can’t use their mouths to ______.
A. sing B. shout C. smell D. eat
2. You can say “______!” if you don’t want some people say bad things about you.
A. Down in the mouth B. Don’t bad mouth me
C. From hand to mouth D. Put foot in mouth
3. “I really put my foot in my mouth this time” means _______.
A. I really did this B. I regretted I had done the thing
C. I want to do this thing D. I have never done this thing
4. When your friend took the words right out of your mouth, you can say “_______”.
A. I am very lucky B. We have the same idea
C. I am very angry D. You are clever
5. If a person lives from hand to mouth, he must be very ______.
A. poor B. rich C. happy D. sad
说明文（六）
We each have a memory（记忆力）. That’s why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries.
They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear, remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercise
1、Some people can easily learn many things by heart because .
A．they always sleep very well B．they often eat good food
C．they read a lot of books D．they have very good memories
2、Everybody learns his mother language .
A．at the age of six B．when he is a small child
C．after he goes to school D．when he can read and write
3、Before a child can speak, he must .
A．read and write B．make sentences
C．hear and remember the sounds D．think hard
4、In school the pupils can’t learn a foreign language well because .
A．they have no good memories B．they have no recorders
C．they have too much time for it D．they are busy with other subjects
5、Your memory will become better and better .
A．if you have plenty of good food
B．if you do more and more exercises
C．if you do morning exercises every day
D．if you get up early