英语专业论文答辩陈述以及答辩技巧
（附：英文论文答辩开场白）
英语本科的论文答辩主要分为两部分：自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题。
一、自述（用英语完成）：
1、先问好，再开始自述，自述时间为5－10分钟，要简明扼要。
Good morning, all appraises committee members.
I am ___ and my supervisor is ___. The title of my paper is____.
2、接下来，一般要做一个大概十分钟的presentation 在答辩前可从以下角度去考虑准备答辩： 1、自己为什么选择这个课题？ 2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？ 3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？ 4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？ 5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？ 6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？ 7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？ 8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。
英文论文答辩开场白
（一）
Good morning,
Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ： I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
My topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first
part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and
conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic’s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures’ background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes’ failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part. Thank you!
（二）
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in
Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the
transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the
translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
（三）
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works ,
especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with
this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque
characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
（四）
Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei.
Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts, I select the subject of “on the network novels” as the title of my paper.
Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that.
The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way.
The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors.
The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of “chaos”. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it.
The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, delete the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people.
Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
二。答辩(用英语完成）：
一般来说，老师会提问与你论文相关的问题。
可以是大的方面的：论文的背景知识、写作思路、论文的结构、论文所解决问题的意义等。
附：论文答辩技巧及常见问题
1、自己为什么选择这个课题？
2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？
3、全文的基本框架、基本结构是如何安排的？
4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？
5、在研究本课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？
6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？
7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清楚，在论文中论述得不够透彻？
8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？
对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。这样才能做到有备无患，临阵不慌。
二、答辩技巧
学生首先要介绍一下论文的概要，这就是所谓“自述报告”，须强调一点的是“自述”而不是“自读”。这里重要的技巧是必须注意不能照本宣读，把报告变成了“读书”。“照本宣读”是第一大忌。这一部分的内容可包括写作动机、缘由、研究方向、选题比较、研究范围、围绕这一论题的最新研究成果、自己在论文中的新见解、新的理解或新的突破。做到概括简要，言简意赅。不能占用过多时间，一般以十分钟为限。所谓“削繁去冗留清被，画到无时是熟时”，就是说，尽量做到词约旨丰，一语中的。要突出重点，把自己的最大收获、最深体会、最精华与最富特色的部分表述出来。这里要注意一忌主题不明；二忌内容空泛，东拉西扯；三忌平平淡淡，没有重点。
在答辩时，学生要注意仪态与风度，这是进入人们感受渠道的第一信号。如果答辩者能在最初的两分种内以良好的仪态和风度体现出良好的形象，就有了一个良好的开端。有人将人的体态分解为最小单位来研究（如头、肩、胸、脊、腰等）认为凹胸显现怯懦、自卑，挺胸显示情绪高昂—但过分则为傲慢自负；肩手颈正显示正直、刚强，脊背挺拔体现严肃而充满自信。但过于如此，就会被人看作拘泥刻板保守，略为弯腰有度，稍稍欠身可表示谦虚礼貌。孙中山先生曾说过“其
所具风度姿态，即使全场有肃然起敬之心，举动格式又须使听者有安静详和之气”他的这番金玉良言，对我们确实有很大的启发。
在听取教师提问时所要掌握的技巧要领是：
沉着冷静，边听边记
精神集中，认真思考
既要自信，又要虚心
实事求是，绝不勉强
听准听清，听懂听明
在回答问题时所要掌握的技巧是构思时要求每个问题所要答的“中心”“症结”“关健”在哪里？从哪一个角度去回答问题最好？应举什么例子来证明？回答问题的内容实质上是一段有组织的“口头作文”。这就要一、文章应有论点、论据。二、有开头主体与结尾。三、有条理、有层次。四、应用词确当，语言流畅。五、应口齿清楚、语速适度。开头要简洁：单刀直入，是最好的开头，开门见山地表述观点，在答辩中是最好的办法。主体部份的表述可条分缕析，即把所要回答的内容逐条归纳分析，实际上是对自己掌握的材料由此及彼，由表及里地做整理。这样的表述就不会流于表面，而能深入本质。条分缕析可以把自己掌握的一些实际例子合并，整理成若干条目，列成几个小标题：分成几点，一点一点，一条一条地说出。满碗的饭必须一口一口吃，满肚子的道理也必须一条一条讲出来，环环相扣，条条相连，令人听完后有清楚的印象。假如在准备的时候已经准备了一个较完整的提纲，那么沿着回答问题的主线，再穿上一些玉珠（举例子）就可以做到中心明确，条理清楚，有理有例了。
作为将要参加论文答辩同学，首先而且必须对自己所著的毕业论文内容有比较深刻理解和比较全面的熟悉。这是为回答毕业论文答辩委员会成员就有关毕业论文的深度及相关知识面而可能提出的论文答辩问题所做的准备。所谓“深刻的理解”是对毕业论文有横向的把握。例如题为《创建名牌产品发展民族产业》的论文，毕业论文答辩委员会可能会问“民族品牌”与“名牌”有何关系。尽管毕业论文中未必涉及“民族品牌”，但 参加论文答辩的学生必须对自己的毕业论文有“比较全面的熟悉”和“比较深刻的理解”，否则，就会出现尴尬局面。
二、论文答辩——图表穿插
任何毕业论文，无论是文科还是理科都或多或少地涉及到用图表表达论文观点的可能，故我认为应该有此准备。图表不仅是一种直观的表达观点的方法，更是一种调节论文答辩会气氛的手段，特别是对私人论文答辩委员会成员来讲，长时间地听述，听觉难免会有排斥性，不再对你论述的内容接纳吸收，这样，必然对你的毕业论文答辩成绩有所影响。所以，应该在论文答辩过程中适当穿插图表或类似图表的其它媒介以提高你的论文答辩成绩。
三、论文答辩——语流适中
进行毕业论文答辩的同学一般都是首次。无数事实证明，他们论文答辩时，说话速度往往越来越快，以致毕业答辩委员会成员听不清楚，影响了毕业答辩成绩。故毕业答辩学生一定要注意在论文答辩过程中的语流速度，要有急有缓，有轻有重，不能像连珠炮似地轰向听众。
四、论文答辩——目光移动
毕业生在论文答辩时，一般可脱稿，也可半脱稿，也可完全不脱稿。但不管哪种方式，都应注意自己的目光，使目光时常地瞟向论文答辩委员会成员及会场上的同学们。这是你用目光与听众进行心灵的交流，使听众对你的论题产生兴趣的一种手段。在毕业论文答辩会上，由于听的时间过长，委员们难免会有分神现象，这时，你用目光的投射会很礼貌地将他们的神“拉”回来，使委员们的思路跟着你的思路走。
五、论文答辩——体态语辅助
虽然毕业论文答辩同其它论文答辩一样以口语为主，但适当的体态语运用会辅助你的论文答辩，使你的论文答辩效果更好。特别是手势语言的恰当运用会显得自信、有力、不容辩驳。相反，如果你在论文答辩过程中始终直挺挺地站着，或者始终如一地低头俯视，即使你的论文结构再合理、主题再新颖，结论再正确，论文答辩效果也会大受影响。所以在毕业论文答辩时，一定要注意使用体态语。
六、论文答辩——时间控制
一般在比较正规的论文答辩会上，都对辩手有答辩时间要求，因此，毕业 论文答辩学生在进行论文答辩时应重视论文答辩时间的掌握。对论文答辩时间的控制要有力度，到该截止的时间立即结束，这样，显得有准备，对内容的掌握和控制也轻车熟路，容易给毕业论文答辩委员会成员一个良好的印象。故在毕业论文答辩前应该对将要答辩的内容有时间上的估计。当然在毕业论文答辩过程中灵活地减少或增加也是对论文答辩时间控制的一种表现，应该重视。
七、论文答辩——紧扣主题
在校园中进行毕业论文答辩，往往辩手较多，因此，对于毕业论文答辩委员会成员来说，他们不可能对每一位的毕业论文内容有全面的了解，有的甚至连毕业论文题目也不一定熟悉。因此，在整个论文答辩过程中能否围绕主题进行，能否最后扣题就显得非常重要了。另外，委员们一般也容易就论文题目所涉及的问题进行提问，如界能自始至终地以论文题目为中心展开论述就会使评委思维明朗，对你的毕业论文给予肯定。
八、论文答辩——人称使用
在毕业论文答辩过程中必然涉及到人称使用问题，我建议尽量多地使用第一人称，如“我”“我们”即使论文中的材料是引用他人的，用“我们引用”了哪儿哪儿的数据或材料，特别是毕业论文大多是称自己作的，所以要更多使用而且是果断地、大胆地使用第一人称“我”和“我们”。如果是这样，会使人有这样的印象：东西是你的，工作做了不少！（摘自：《青年科学》2003.8，原文：“毕业论文答辩应注意的几个问题”
论文答辩是学生学习结束时必不可少的一个环节。其目的是考查学生：
1．能否听懂并正确理解老师提问的主旨；
2．答辩是否深刻、有力和流畅；
3．对论文观点阐述得是否透彻；
4．是否了解与论文有关的知识。
学生通过积极准备论文答辩不仅可以增长知识，温故知新，而且可以拓宽和加深专业知识，提高自己的能力。
论文答辩的形式是分组进行，设多个考场，每个考场有两名以上答辩老师。学生进入考场独立面对答辩老师，对老师的提问当场作答。论文答辩以答为主，以辩为辅。
因此，学生在平时的学习过程中必须注意提高自己的听说能力。听力不太好的学生，一旦由于紧张没听懂老师问的问题，可以请老师把问题重复一遍，而不是不懂装懂、答非所问地乱讲一通。如果老师重复一遍刚提的问题，你还是弄不明白，老师只好转入下一个问题了。
答辩前应做好充分的准备，最重要的是熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点。学生参加答辩，要携带论文的底稿和主要参考资料，以便入场前再熟悉一下自己的论文。答辩时虽然不能依赖这些资料，但遇到一时记不起来时，可以稍微翻阅一下有关资料。答辩时可以把老师所提出的问题和有价值的意见、见解记录下来。通过记录，不仅可以减缓紧张心理，而且还可以更好地吃透老师所提问的要害和实质，同时还可以边记边思考，使思考的过程变得很自然。
在做了充分准备的基础上，大可不必紧张，要有自信心。树立信心，消除紧张慌乱心理很重要，因为过度的紧张会使本来可以回答出来的向题也答不上来。只有充满自信，沉着冷静，才会在答辩时有良好的表现。下面是一些简单可行的实例供学生参考：
考官开头常问的一些问题：
1．W ill you please give US a self-introduction? 有些学生可能由于紧张没听清问题便开始背诵论文的内容，结果造成答非所问。
2．Give US a presentation of your thesis．有些学生一听到‘thesis’便详细而又不理解地背诵其论文内容，在被打断之后便不知该说什么。其实，考官只是想知道你对论文的总体了解，让你简单阐明自己论文的内容与观点。
3．W hy do you choose such a theme?／
W hat do you want the reader get from your thesis? 对于这个问题，你可以谈谈你的喜好，你想要读者从中得到什么。
4．W hat is the uniqueness of your point of view?
对于这个问题，你可以谈谈你的观点与他人不同之处及原因。这就要求你有相关知识。
之后便是针对你的论文的问题了。下面以一篇论文为例来说明考官从哪些方面来提问。
DIFFERENT MARRIAGE CUST0MS BETWEEN CHINA AND ENGLISH SPEAKING C0UNTRI
ES
1．In your essay there is a sentence："With the
development of economics，it is necessary for the
countries all over the world to communication with each other." Is there anything wrong with this sentence? Or "Another major difference in western countries，
There is related to the traditional culture and religious belief marriage is generally related to them." W hat is the meaning of this sentence?
考官问这一问题，是因为你的句子有明显的语法错误。提醒你应该弄明白句子的基本语法，写论文时应该认真细致。如果是笔误，你应该马上发现此句中的错误之处。economics应是economy，to communication with each other 应是 to communicate with each other,另一个句子应该是
Another major diference in the western marriage is related to their traditional culture and religious belief
2．You say "I believe that after some years there will be no difference in nation, color of skin, culture and lan guage." Is it possible? Can people all over the world live in the same nation and have the sanle color of skin，the same culture and lan guage? 这一问题是考查你头脑是否清楚。全世界的人怎么能是同一肤色，讲同一种语言呢?事实上，你没能正确地表达你的意思。你要表达的意思应该是：
As there will be more communication and cultural exchanges between peoples all over the world，
people will understand each other better and there will be some changes in their culture and customs．
3．Do people in America throw rice to the newly wed couple at the wedding ceremony? Do you have any evidence? 提出这一问题是考查你的相关知识。既然把它作为论文来研究，必然要了解很多相关的知识，而且一定有论据来支持你的观点。为使论文有说服力，写论文时应阅读大量相关书籍。
4．Yo u have mentioned the Tradional Chinese Wedding．Does it only belong to Chinese minoriethnic group or to the general? 这一问题是考查你在利用某种素材时是否认真思考过。你所描述的应该是中国普遍的婚俗而不是某一地区、某一少数民族的婚俗，因为中国有很多少数民族，而他们有着自己很独特的婚俗。
5．In your essay you described both the traditional and the modern wedding in English speaking countries, esp，
U．S．and Britain．Why not the modem wedding in China?
你的论文的目的应该是促进全球文化交流，但你仅仅描述一种在中国少见的婚俗，却大量描述了西方的传统和现代的婚俗，这在结构上失衡，还会误导读者，不仅起不到全球文化交流的作用，还会使人们对中国文化产生误解。这里只是就一篇论文为例，来直观地说明在写论文和答辩时应该注意的事项，大家可以举一反三。
总之，要通过论文答辩，应注意：
1．在平时的学习过程中必须注意提高自己的听说能力。
2．答辩前应做好充分的准备，最重要的是熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点。这一点十分重要，如果不熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点，答辩时很难自圆其说。
3．要有自信心。当然，自信来自事先的充分准备。
首先，你应该把你论文中涉及到的概念都弄清楚，它们的定义是什么，应该能用英语做简单的讲解。比如，礼貌准则 ， 这就是一个概念，老师可能会问，“什么是礼貌准则？”“礼貌准则起什么作用？”等；在这个基础上，把这些概念相联系的方面也准备一下： 比如，礼貌准则与日常交流、礼貌准则与英语教学等。
老师问的问题也是基于你的论文中探讨的东西，你只要对所讨论的题目清楚明了，把这些变成自己的话用自然流畅的英语表达出来，应该是没有问题的。有时候，老师可能提一些这样的问题，比如，“Where do you find this quotation?”"Do you agree with it? and why?"
在回答这类问题的时候，不能只给出一个简单的信息，要展开一下。例如， I cited this from Dr. Samovar and Porter, from their book "Communication between Cultures", in a chapter in which they discuss the possibilities that cause communication breakdown.I find it supportive to my arguments here.
开场白里面简单地介绍自己的研究和论文的主题，为什么选择这个项目。简单说几句研究过程和方法。这里一定要给出一个Roadmap, 也就是说明你的论文有几部分，每一部分里面都探讨的什么问题。这一点很重要。
对于自己不清楚的问题，可以看看老师的问题和你的研究是不是有focus 上的差异，这样你可以强调一下这种差异，因不是你的研究重点，你没有过多在意。不会就是不会，可以让老师来回答这个问题。
注意答辩过程中和老师的目光交流。回答问题时要看着他们的眼睛，声音要洪亮，这样才能表达出你的自信。
首先，你应该把你论文中涉及到的概念都弄清楚，它们的定义是什么，应该能用英语做简单的讲解。比如，礼貌准则 ， 这就是一个概念，老师可能会问，“什么是礼貌准则？”“礼貌准则起什么作用？”等；在这个基础上，把这些概念相联系的方面也准备一下： 比如，礼貌准则与日常交流、礼貌准则与英语教学等。
老师问的问题也是基于你的论文中探讨的东西，你只要对所讨论的题目清楚明了，把这些变成自己的话用自然流畅的英语表达出来，应该是没有问题的。有时候，老师可能提一些这样的问题，比如，“Where do you find this quotation?”"Do you agree with it? and why?"
在回答这类问题的时候，不能只给出一个简单的信息，要展开一下。例如， I cited this from Dr. Samovar and Porter, from their book "Communication between Cultures", in a chapter in which they discuss the possibilities that cause communication breakdown.I find it supportive to my arguments here.
开场白里面简单地介绍自己的研究和论文的主题，为什么选择这个项目。简单说几句研究过程和方法。这里一定要给出一个Roadmap, 也就是说明你的论文有几部分，每一部分里面都探讨的什么问题。这一点很重要。
对于自己不清楚的问题，可以看看老师的问题和你的研究是不是有focus 上的差异，这样你可以强调一下这种差异，因不是你的研究重点，你没有过多在意。不会就是不会，可以让老师来回答这个问题。
注意答辩过程中和老师的目光交流。回答问题时要看着他们的眼睛，声音要洪亮，这样才能表达出你的自信。