一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanes
二、(一)一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:
We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
(二)一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。
如:-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:
- Do you often play football?
- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?
- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
4、like+动名词(动词+ing)
练习:
1、写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________ diary ______day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______
sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______
sandwich ______man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
2、写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______
carry ____ come________watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______
brush_______ do_________ teach_______ pass_______
3、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.) He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. )Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. )We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. )Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
4、、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
第二篇:五年级上册英语语法小结1
1、be动词:am、is、are。am用于I,are用于you,we,they和名词复数;is用于he,she,it
和名词单数(统称为'三单',即第三人称单数)。
2、助动词,主要分为do和does。do用于主语为'非三单'(I,you,复数); does用于主语为'
三单'(he,she,it,名词单数)助动词用于“否定句和疑问句”,后面一律加“动词原形”。 例:(1)I like apples. 否定句: I don't like apples.
一般疑问句:Do you like apples?肯定回答: Yes,I do. 否定回答: No, I don`t.
(2)He reads books on Sundays. 否定句:He doesn't read books on Sundays.
一般疑问句:Does he read books on Sundays?
肯定回答:Yes,he does. 否定回答:No,he doesn't.
3、主语为'非三单'时,动词用原形;主语为'三单'时,动词后面加-s或-es。
4、名词单数变复数规则变化的规律
(1) 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的单词,加-es。如bus-buses,box-boxes,dish-dishes,watch-watches
(2)以o结尾,有的单词加-es,如tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes
有的单词加-s,如piano-pianos,photo-photos
(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,把y改成i,再加es,如story-stories,baby-babies
(4)单词以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe改成ves。如,knife-knives,leaf-leaves
(5)一般情况直接加-s,如 boy-boys,girl-girls,apple-apples
不规则变化
(1) 字母a或o变成e,如man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,goose-geese
(2) 单复数同形:sheep,deer,fish,Chinese ,people
(3) 其他:child-children,mouse-mice
5、many+可数名词复数,much+不可数名词
some、any后面既可以加可数名词复数,也可以加不可数名词
some用于肯定句和表示请求及建议的一般疑问句(Would you like/ Can(May/Could) I ...?) 例如:(1)I'd like some apples.
(2) There is some water in the glass.
(3) Would you like some tea? May I have some noodles?
any用于否定句和疑问句
例如:(1)I don’t have any notebooks.
(2)I don’t have any soup for lunch.
(3)Do you have any sisters? Is there any Coke?
6、形容词前面必须用be动词。
例:He is my music teacher. Lucy is polite.
7、情态动词:can,could,may,would,should,have to,has to,后面必须加动词原形。 例如: I can swim. I have to eat vegetables.
祈使句用动词原形。表示请求、命令等句子叫祈使句。它的主语是听话人(you),一般不需要说出来。通常以动词原形开头。
如:Let's go to school. Open the door,please.
8、冠词 a 、an、the
不定冠词(a、an),表示泛指,a+辅音,如 a young man, a university student
an+元音,如 an e-mail, an active girl,an interesting book 定冠词(the),表示特指、世界上独一无二的东西,如the sun,the Great Wall(注:there be不与the连接)
9、时间介词 in,on,at
in+一段时间:年份;季节;月份;上午、下午、晚上
on+具体时间:X月X日;星期几;节假日
at+时间点:at noon,at night,几点钟(at 7 o’clock;at 7:30)
10、 play+体育项目,如play football,play chess,play sports,play basketball
play + the + 乐器,如play the piano,play the pipa,play the violin
11、 问人的外貌、个性特征以及物体的外观句式:
What + be动词+主语+like?
12、 问星期几
What day is it today/tomorrow?
13、 问你午餐吃了什么?(已吃) What do you have for lunch?
问你午餐想吃什么?(未吃) What would you like for lunch?
问午餐有什么吃? (未吃) What’s for lunch?
14、 It’s time for + 名词,如 It’s time for music class.
It’s time to + 动词,如 It’s time to go to school.
15、
16、 The first day of a week is Sunday. like + 可数名词复数/不可数名词,如 I like Mondays. / I like beef.
like + 动词的现在分词(动词的ing形式),如 I like reading.
like + to + 动词原形,如 I like to read a book.