Ⅰ.单项填空

1.(2012·临沂质量检测)—You didn’t wait for Elizabeth last night，did you?

—Yes，but we __________．She didn’t come at all.

A．don’t have to　　　　　　                       B．needn’t have

C．need to                                                      D．should have

解析：选B。考查情态动词。句意：——你昨天晚上没有等到伊丽莎白，是吗？——是的，但是我们本没有必要等。她根本就没来。根据语境可知，此处表示本没有必要做某事，故用needn’t have done。即B项正确。

2.(2012·青岛市第二次统一检测)—We would appreciate it if you could stay for lunch.

—Sorry，I __________．I have another appointment.

A．won’t　　　　　　　　　                       B．shan’t

C．can’t                                                       D．mustn’t

解析：选C。考查情态动词用法。根据下文“I have another appointment”可知，我不可能留下来吃午饭。can’t意为“不可能”，符合题意。

3.(2012·淄博模拟)You __________ read a book in the sun—it’ll do harm to your eyes.

A．couldn’t                                                  B．wouldn’t

C．needn’t                                                   D．mustn’t

解析：选D。考查情态动词用法。句意：你不要在太阳下看书，那样对眼睛不好。couldn’t意为“不能；无法”；wouldn’t表示不会；needn’t意为“不必”；mustn’t表示不允许。故D项正确。

4.(2012·山东省实验中学诊断)Do you know Herbie？I’m always running into him；he __________ live nearby.

A．would                                                       B．need

C．must                                                         D．should

解析：选C。考查情态动词。句意：你认识Herbie吗？我总是遇见他，他肯定住在附近。表示比较肯定的推测用must。故选C。

5.(2012·泰安一轮质量检测)When he was there，he __________ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

A．must                                                         B．should

C．would                                                       D．might

解析：选C。考查情态动词。句意：当他还在那儿时，每天下班后都会去街角的咖啡店。根据语境可知此处应用过去将来时，即would正确。

6.(2012·德州模拟)A hiking trip really sounds very exciting.However，it __________ be very tiring and even dangerous sometimes.

A．will                                                          B．should

C．must                                                         D．can

解析：选D。考查情态动词。句意：远足旅游听起来真是让人兴奋不已。然而，它有时也非常累人甚至很危险。can表示一时的可能性。故D项正确。

7.(2012·济宁模拟)—Tom is very upset.I wish I __________ him the disappointing news.

—I told you not to，but you wouldn’t listen.

A．didn’t tell                                               B．hadn’t told

C．haven’t told                                             D．wouldn’t tell

解析：选B。当wish后面的宾语从句中，表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，谓语动词要用“had done”的形式。而本题正是表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故选B。

8.(2012·滨州模拟)—Jane didn’t show up last night，did she?

—No.She __________．We had changed our plan.

A．shouldn’t have come                                B．didn’t need to come

C．needn’t have come                                   D．needn’t come

解析：选B。shouldn’t have done意为“(过去)本不该做某事(实际做了)”needn’t have done意为“(过去)本不必做某事(实际做了)”。根据语境知我们早改变了计划，因此她没必要来的。故B项正确。needn’t do中need是情态动词，时态与语境不符。

9.(2012·山东临沂期中)—I ________ thank you enough for what you have done for me.

—You’re welcome.

A．may not                                                    B．will not

C．must not                                                    D．cannot

解析：选D。句意：——你为我所做的一切我感激不尽。——别客气。cannot...enough/cannot...too...再……也不为过，固定搭配。

10.(2012·浙江宁波十校联考)What a pity！If I had caught that flight，I________over the Pacific Ocean now.

A．would fly                                                  B．would have flown

C．would be flying                                         D．were flying

解析：选C。句意：真遗憾。如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正在太平洋上空飞行呢。根据句意可知该句用虚拟语气；根据主句中的now可知，主句用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；根据句意可知，是对“此刻”情况的推测，所以C项正确。

Ⅱ.选词填空

can；should；dare；might；shall；will；would；must；can’t；needn’t

1.You __________ not park your car here.It is in the way.

答案：must

2.My father was playing football on the playground just now.He __________ be home now.

答案：can’t

3.You are late again.You __________ go to school earlier next time.

答案：should

4.It was very dark.Lily didn’t __________ to go by herself.

答案：dare

5.I __________ prefer not to go out today.

答案：would

6.—I have been standing all the day.

—__________ I get a chair for you?

答案：Shall

7.—Are you able to use the computer skillfully?

—Yes，sir.I __________．

答案：can

8.Lily __________ go to America next year，but I am not sure.

答案：might

9.As we all known that oil __________ float on water.

答案：will

10.You __________ tell him what happened today.I will tell him in person.

答案：needn’t

Ⅲ.单句改错

1.He feels as if he is floating on a cloud.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：as if引导的表语从句表示与现在正在发生的事实相反时，用过去进行时。

答案：is改为were

2.The law says that drivers can’t drive after drinking.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：can’t表示“不能”，但这里是表示“严禁”酒后驾车，故用语气更强烈的mustn’t。

答案：can’t改为mustn’t

3.He will recover soon.You can’t worry about him.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：由句意可知，这里要表达“你没必要担心”。

答案：can’t改为needn’t

4.You can be tired—you’ve been working for four hours.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：表示肯定的推测用must，can表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句。

答案：can改为must

5.Our suggestion is that you are the first to go.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：suggestion后的表语从句中要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。

答案：are改为be

6.The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：could不能与able to连用，could相当于was/were able to。

答案：could改为was

7.A few years ago I might afford to bring my wife to this place for dinner.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：afford与can，could，be able to连用，表示“能负担得起……”。

答案：might改为could

8.Why can he do it that way?

________________________________________________________________________

解析：must在句中表示强烈的语气，意为“偏偏、偏要”。

答案：can改为must

9.I felt very lonely when I traveled in Chengdu alone.I must have taken my family.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：根据句意可知应用should have done，表示本应该做某事却没做，must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测。

答案：must改为should

10.We may not thank you too much for what you’ve done for us.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：can not...too表示“无论怎样……都不过分”，为固定结构。

答案：may 改为can

11.You mustn’t do the exercise if you don’t want to.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：mustn’t表示“禁止”，needn’t表示“没有必要”，符合句意。

答案：mustn’t改为needn’t

12.He mustn’t have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：表示对过去情况的否定推测，用can’t have done。

答案：mustn’t改为can’t

13.You can’t return the dictionary now.You can keep it till next week if you like.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：needn’t“不必”，符合句意。

答案：can’t改为needn’t

14.Dare you to tell your parents about your school records?

________________________________________________________________________

解析：此处dare作情态动词用，后面要接动词原形。

答案：去掉to

15.She told him he ought not do it.

________________________________________________________________________

解析：ought to do sth.“应该做某事”，否定式为ought not to do。

答案：not后加to

第二篇：虚拟语气

第一部分：语气的定义和种类

1 语气(mood)

语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

2 语气的种类

⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：

①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？

③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！

⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：

①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

③May you succeed!祝您成功！

虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。

第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气

一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：

⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

二、表祝愿。

1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！

⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！

⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！

⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。

2、用动词原形。例如：

(1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！

(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”

(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！

三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）

(1).God save me．

(2).Heaven help us．

四、表命令

1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！

3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go

4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。

(1). Work !

(2). Work harder !

(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)

(4). You go out !

(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)

(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not)

五、在一些习惯表达中。如：

(1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。

(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气

第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：

从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例：

1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：

用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：

1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.

我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.

他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

3. We wished he had spoken to us.

(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

4. I wish you had called earlier.

(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)

例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A. could have slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept

动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had

to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案

三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：

从句动词"would/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)

我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)

我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)

(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)

四）、注意：

1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：

I wished I hadn't spent so much money.

我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

I wish he would answer my letter.

I wish prices would come down.

I wish you would help me.

I wish you would stop asking silly questions.

二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：

表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg

表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote

表示“决定、命令”的：decide, order

表示“主张”的：maintain, urge

表示“同意、坚持”的：consent, insist

例如：

1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.

2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.

3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时，他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)

5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English?speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)

在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍，其结构如：

order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do

6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.

但注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气.

8.she insists that she is right.

9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.

或者说，suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.

判断改错:

(错)11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对)12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.

(错)13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.

(对)14. I insisted that you were wrong.

例题分析：15.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.

A. were not played B. not be played

C. not to play D. did not play

全句意思是：“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request（请求）所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气，即动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。本句的主语从句中，主语radio是谓语动词play 的客体，谓语应当用被动语态。所以，答案是C) not be played。在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气，所以A)不正确。选项B) not to play是动词带to的不定式，不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式，同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气

来使用。而且，它是主动语态形式，而本题要用被动语态。

练习：

16). The chairman requested that .

［A］the members studied more carefully the problem

［B］the problem was more carefulnessly studied

［C］with more carefulness the problem could be studied

［D］the members study the problem more carefully

17). The committee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .

［A］would be discussed

［B］will be discussed

［C］be discussed

［D］may be discussed

18). The doctor insisted that his patient .

［A］that he not work too hard for three months

［B］take it easy for three months

［C］taking it easy inside of three months

［D］to take some vacations for three months

三、在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。

I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.

我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

练习：

1) that the time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran，they would be faced by a large army? ［A］It is believed

［B］Should they believe

［C］They would believe

［D］If they would believe

2) I think it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

［A］will leave

［B］may leave

［C］leave

［D］leaves

四、would rather ， would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

would rather , would sooner, had rather, would (just) as soon，would prefer（希望）也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示”宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔"。

(1).I would rather he came tomorrow than today.

(2).John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

(3).Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die.

(4).I would rather you go tomorrow.

(5).I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.

(6).The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office．经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

(7).To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case．坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。

(8).You don't have to be in such a hurry．I would rather you went on business first．你没有必要这么着急，我宁愿你先去上班。

(9).I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

(10).Frankly speaking ，I'd rather you didn't do anything about it for the time being．坦白地说，我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。

(11).Wouldn't you rather your child went to bed early？为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢？

(12).I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday．我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 注：①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形

I would rather stay at home today．

②would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形

I would rather stay at home than go out today．

五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情，其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。 I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.我原本希望她到美国去念书，但她说她喜欢留在中国。

第二节：主语从句中的虚拟语气

一、“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中的虚拟语气

在形如“It is (was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that……”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形（美国英语中省去should）

常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)* necessary (必须的), important (重要的), imperative (急需的), urgent (急迫的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)* probable (很可能的), possible (可能的)* desirable (极好的)advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），desirable（理想的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。

常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)

1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同）have a walk now.(necessary, should + have) (表示有需要去散步)

2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary, should + make) (表示有必要事先做好准备)

3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.(required, should + smoke) (表示要求不要在此抽烟)

4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand therule of school.(important, should + be) (表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)

5. It's important that we (should) take good care of the patient.(important, should + take) (表示重要的是照顾好病人)

6. It is natural that she should do so. (形容词natural, should+动词原形do)

7.It is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible．这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。

8.It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project．重要的是募集足够的钱，为这个项目提供资金。

9.It is desired that we（should）get everything ready this evening．希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。 注：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。

10.I don't think it advisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience．汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

二、在It is ＋名词＋that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气

在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词

有：advice ，decision ，desire ，demand ，idea，motion ，order，pity ，preference ，proposal，recommendation ，

requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad．我建议派他去国外进一步学习。

第三节：虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有：

demand (要求), desire (请求),requirment (要求)

advice (劝告), recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)

order (命令)

necessity (必要地), preference (优先)

proposal (计划), plan (计划), idea (办法)，

recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。

We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。 The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by

everyone．由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

⑴、 The advice is that we (should 可省略，下同) leave at once.

(名词advice，should + leave) (表示加以劝告)

⑵、 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the

conference.

(idea, should + get) (表示做出主意)

⑶、 I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

(proposal, should + hold) (表示做出计划)

⑷、 The judge assented to the suggestion that .

［A］both of the criminals will soon be set freedom

［B］some of the criminals there are of guilt only

［C］the girl was to be paroled in the custody of a welfare society

［D］the prisoner be sentenced to death

第四部分：条件句中的虚拟语气

第一节：if引导的条件句中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。

一、if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断

1、可以把条件句分为两类：

1).真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。例如：

⑴、If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。

⑵、As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我说了什么错话，你一定要指出来。 ⑶、If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）

2).虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。例如： ⑴、If I were you , I would have attended the meeting. 如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。

⑵、If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。

⑴、If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）

2、.if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断

判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。

判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。

3、“后退一步法”

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：

①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。

②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。

③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。

主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。例：

⑴、If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.

⑵、If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

⑶、If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.

4、注意事项

①if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。

②在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。

二、虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的用法：

（一）、表示与现在事实相反的情况。其句子结构为：

从句：if + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be 用were) + ……

主句：主语+ would (should, could , might) + 动词原形+ ……

例：

1.If I were you, I would go with him.

2.If the weather were fine, I would go there.

如果天气好，我去那儿。（事实天气不好）

3.If I were you, I would read it again.

如果我是你的话，我再读一遍。（事实上我不是你）

4.If time permitted, I would write it again.

如果时间允许的话，我再写一遍。（事实上时间不允许）

5.If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.

要是现在不下雪的话，我们就不会待在屋里。（事实上现在下雪）

6.What would I do if I were in your place?

要是我处于你地位我会怎么办？（事实上我不在你的位置上）

7.If he hurried, he could catch the first bus.

他要是快点能够赶上头班公共汽车。（可是他不着急）

8.If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble.

如果没有你们的帮助，我们就会陷入困境。（而事实上得到了你们的帮助）

9.If we had the manpower, we could open up even more land.

如果有人力,我们还能开更多的荒地.

10. If I were you, I would go with him.

(从句If I were you, 主句I would go with him.)

11. If I were you, I should buy it.

(从句用过去式动词were，主句用动词原形buy)

12. If I had time, I would study French.

(如果有时间，我会学习法文。）（从句用过去式动词had，主句用动词原形study）

13. If she knew English, she would not ask me for help.

(如果她懂英文，她就不必要我帮了。)(从句用过去式动词knew, 主句用动词原形ask)

注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would be + 进行式动词+ ……"

14. If they were here, he would be speaking to them now.

(从句用过去式动词were, 主句用would be speaking)

（二）、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。其句子结构为：

从句：If + 主语+ had +过去完成式动词+ ……

主句：主语+ would (should, could, might) + have +过去完成式动词+……

例如:

⑴、If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.如果你听了我的劝告,就不会犯这样的错误。（事实上你没有听我的劝告）

⑵、I shouldn’t have been able to write such good novels if I hadn’t lived among the peasants for five years.如果我不是和农民生活了五年，就不可能写出这样好的小说。（事实上我和农民生活了五年）

⑶、If you hadn’t invited me, I shouldn’t have come to the party.如果你不邀请我，我就不会来参加你的舞会。(事实上你邀请了我)

⑷、If it hadn’t been for your help, I shouldn’t have finished this work on time. 要是没有你们的帮忙，我就不会按时完成了这项工作。（事实上你们帮助了我）

⑸、If he hadn’t broken the law, he wouldn’t have been put in prison.如果他不违法的话，就不会被打入监狱。（事实上他违法了）

⑹、If I hadn’t been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.昨天要是不生病，我是可能来上学的。（事实上我生病了）

⑺、If I had been your headmaster, I should have dismissed you from school. 我要是你们校长的话，就把你开除学籍了。（事实上我不是）

⑻、 If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam.(从句动词用had studied, 主句动词用have passed)如果你在上个学期用功一些，你就会在考试中过关了。

⑼、 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam.(从句动词用had taken, 主句动词用have failed)如果你当时听从我的劝告的话，你就不会在考试中失败了。

⑽、 If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.(从句动词用had got up, 主句动词用have caught)如果你起身得早一点，你就会赶得上火车了。

⑾、 If it had snowed, I would have skied in the park.(从句动词用had snowed, 主句动词用have skied)如果下雪的话，我就可在公园里滑雪了。

注意：如果动作在进行中，主句要用："主语+ would + have + 完成进行式动词 +……

⑿、 If they had been here, he would have been speaking to them.(从句动词用had been, 主句动词用have been speaking)

（三）、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(对将来的事实实现的可能性不大)。其句子结构为： 从句：If + 主语+ should (或were) + 动词原形+……

主句：主语+ would (could, should, might) + 动词原形+……

例如：

⑴、If I were to work at this problem, I would do it in another way.要是我来解这道难题，我会用另外一种方法的。

⑵、If you were to do such a thing again, you would be punished. 如果你再做这样的事情，就会受到惩罚。

⑶、If I should work harder, I could make much more progress.假如我更努力学习的话，我会取得更大的进步。(事实上我不可能努力学习)

⑷、If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.如果明天下雨的话，我将待在家里。（根据天气情况，明天不可能下雨）

⑸、If he should come, I could ask him for some advice.万一他来了，我就能够向他请教。（事实上他来的可能性很小）

⑹、If he came tomorrow, I would do it with him.如果明天他来的话，我将和他一起做此事。（事实上他来的可能性很小）

⑺、 If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(从句动词用should rain，主句动词用be)如果天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。

⑻、 If he were to go fomorrow, he might tell you.(从句动词用were to, 主句动词用tell)如果明天他走的话，他可能会告诉你。

⑼、 If he were here, I would give him the books.(从句动词用were, 主句动词用give)如果他在这儿，我可能会把书给他。

注意：如果动作在进行中，从句(不是主句喔)要用："If + 主语+ 过去进行式动词 +……"

⑽、 If she were staying here now, I would let her ride my horse.(从句动词用were staying, 主句动词用let)如果她现在留在这儿，我可能会让她骑我的马。

三、混合条件句----主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气

有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：

1. 从句表示过去，主句表示将来：

⑴、If they had started the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

⑵、If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。

2. 从句表示将来，主句表示过去：

⑴、If I were not to make a preparation for my experiment this afternoon, Iwould have gone to see the film with you last night.

3.从句表示过去，主句表示将来：

⑴、If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do theexperiment next week.

4.从句表示将来，主句表示现在：

⑴、If we shouldn't have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now.

5.从句表示过去，主句表示现在。

⑴、If they had stared the early morning yesterday, they would be here now.

⑵、If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.

如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）

6.从句表示现在，主句表示过去

⑴、If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）

7.从句表示过去，主句表示过去和现在

⑴、If you hadn’t lent me some money, I couldn’t have bought the new house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.

假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）

四、含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况；

1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：

(1)、What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在分词短语without you中)

(2) 、It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)

(3) 、This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. 同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中)

(4)、 But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功。(暗含条件是but for your help)

(5)、 He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)

(6)、 Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)

2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：

(7)、 You might stay her forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)

(8) 、We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)

(9) 、Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)

(10) 、I would appreciate a little of your time. 谢谢你给我一点时间吧。(可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)

3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

(11) 、You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

(12) 、I would like to come. 我愿意来。

(13) 、I wouldn’t have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。

(14) 、He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样。

第六部分：虚拟语气从句中should可以省略的情况

1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句（宾语从句）里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如：

advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine,

grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose,

request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote.

常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request.

如：

⑴、His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence.

⑵、The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day.

2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句（表语从句，同位语从句）里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如：

advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand,

determination, indication, insistence, order,

preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc.

例如：

⑴、It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

⑵、His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.

⑶、He gave us a suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

3. 在It is/was +形容词（或名词）后的that 从句中用should的结构, should 可以省略.

句型结构如：It is suggested / important / demanded / necessary / a pity /…+ that…

⑴、It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

⑵、It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

这类形容词常见的有: advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial,

desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要),

impossible, improper, important, natural, necessary,

obligatory, possible, preferable, probable,

recommended, urgent, vital etc.

例如：

⑴、It's natural that she (should) do so.

⑵、It is essential that we (should) tell her the news.

4. 在lest 和for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should, should 可以省略.

例如：

⑴、She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates.

⑵、Have your gun ready in case we should need it.

第七部分：虚拟语气精选例题解析

1.The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ______all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D. ought to have lost

解析：这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would have lost为正确答案。

2. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ______ our chairman now.

A. must have been B. would have been C. were D. would be

解析：这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。

3. If you ______ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t to contact D. hadn’t contacted

解析：until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。

4. ______ he English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday .

A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for

解析：假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选（B）But for为正确答案。

5. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ your advice .

A. follow B. would follow C. had followed D. have followed

解析：题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。

6. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been

解析：句意为：“要是有一声巨响，这些动物会受到惊吓，这是有现实可能性的。”should there be表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式, if省略,所以should与there倒装。因此B. should there be 就是本题答案 。

7、 When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _______ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honour of this great man.

A. turn off B. turned off C. would turn off D. had turned off

解析： propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形或直接用动词原形。选择（A）. turn off

8、 I apologize if I _______ you,but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

解析： B. had offended 。本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was 暗示，事情发生在过去，所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。

9、 The board deemed it urgent that these files _______ right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed

C. must be printed D. should be printed

解析： D. should be printed 。因为urgent是欲望形容词,在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。

10、 The board deemed it urgent that these files_______ right away.

A. had to be printed B. should have been printed

C. must be printed D. should be printed

解析：it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent（急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should（可以省略）+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是（D）。

11、 Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.

A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed

C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed

解析：（C）在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。

12、 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I ______ fully occupied the whole of last week.

A. were B. had been C. have been D. was

解析：（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。

13. I apologize if I you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend B. had offended C. should have offended D. might have offended

解析：（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词

表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。

14. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d there by now.

A. be B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

解析：该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。

15. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.

A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling

解析：if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。

16. If the Watergate Incident______ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.

A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling

解析：（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could, might)+动词原形的过去分词。

17. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped ______ .

A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me

解析：（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。

18. George would certainly have attended the proceedings ______ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself

解析：表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。

19. The teacher suggested that her students ______experiences with ESP.

A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the

C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his

解析：（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。

20. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______a Chinese.

A. were B. had been C. is D. has been

解析：（A）．表示与现在相反的虚拟。

21. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip______ a great success.

A. had been B. has been C. were D. was

解析：A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

22. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______ away for ages.

A. has been B. was C. is D. had been

解析：D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

23. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______ as elephant.

A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift

解析：D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。

24. He described the town as if he ______ it himself.

A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees

解析：A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。

25. Most insurance agents would rather you______ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.

A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do

解析：（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。

26. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who their natural parents are, some who have found them wish that they ______ the experience of meeting.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

解析：（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。

27. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology ______ .

A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved

解析：（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。

28. He told her to return the book in time so that others ______ a chance to read it .

A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might have

解析：（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。

29. It is time that the government ______ measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking

解析：（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。

30. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ______ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

解析：（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would have come形式。

31. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn’t be surprised if he ______ acting for a living one day.

A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up

解析：（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。

32. If I had seen the movie, I ______ you all about it now.

A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told

解析：（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。

33. I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.

A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t

解析：B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。

34. Mary ______ my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.

A. has received B. ought to have received

C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have received

解析：C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。

35. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _____ him. ( 19xx年6月四级第46题)

A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned

C) would telephone D) had telephoned

解析：本题是与过去时相反的虚拟句，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用would have done。本句相当于if we had known his telephone number，we would have telephoned him。答案是（A） would have telephoned。

36. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ______ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.(19xx年1月四级第44题)

A. has to get B. had got C. were to get D. could have got

解析：本句的意思是：“琼不想马上就工作，她认为要是找了工作，就不能经常探访她的朋友了”。这说明，琼目前没有工作。句中假设的情况在近期诓⒉换岽嬖凇８锰跫?溆Φ庇帽硎窘?辞榭龅男槟庥锲?Ｌ跫?泳涞奈接镉?hould或were to引出。因此C. were to get 是本题答案。选项A. has to get是陈述语气的现在时，不能用于虚拟条件句中。选项B. had got是虚拟语气的过去时，不能表示将来时间。选项D. could have got不能用于虚拟语气的条件从句中。

37. Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.(19xx年6月四级第70题)

A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed

解析：if only 引出感叹句，意思是“要是……多好”，表示说话人的一种愿望，希望发生（事实上不可能发生）与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是：“看我现在的处境多糟糕！要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上，句中的“我”没有听从劝告，所以处境很糟糕。题中空格处应当用虚拟语气，答案是B。

38 .That tree looked as if it _____ for a long time.

a.hasn't watered b.had not been watered

c.didn't water d.wasn't watered

解析：本题测试as if 从句的虚拟语气。一般来说，as if 从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或纯粹是一种假设时，通常使用虚拟语气。

39. I'd rather you ____ anything about it for the time being.

a. don't do b.did

c.didn't do d.would do

解析：would rather 表示愿望，后接从句用虚拟语气，用过去时。

40. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ____ your advice

a.follow b.would follow

c.had followed d.have followed

解析：本题测试if only 引起的感叹句的虚拟语气。if only 引起的感叹句，相当于“how I wish +宾语从句”。其谓语动词形式与wish后的宾语从句形式相同。

41. We are all for your proposal that discussion _____.(19xx年6月四级第68题)

a. be put off b. was put off c. should put off d. is to put off

解析：全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。答案是A。虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用 在It's (high) time 之后的定语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。

42. It's already 5 o'clock now. Don't you think it's about time _____ ?(19xx年6月四级第43题)

A. we are going home B. if she leaves

C. we went home D. if she had left

解析：“现在已经十六点钟了，难道你不认为该回家了吗？”句中的“it's about time …”引起虚拟。因此答案是C。

43. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.(19xx年1月四级第38题) a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure

解析：“这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房，以免伤了他自己。”在lest 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，(should )+ 动词原形。答案是a。

44. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though _____ out of the office.

A. went B. gone C. to go D. would go

解析：答案为：C. to go 。 as though或as if引导的状语从句中,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省略主语和部分谓语,如：1) She paused, as if to let the painful memories pass. (省略she wanted)

2) From time to time Jason turned round as though searching for someone. (省略he were)

3) The boy started, as if awakened from some dream. (省略he were)

由此可见,本题中省略she wanted。

45. I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone

解析：“我宁愿你乘火车去，因为我无法想像在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。”主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选答案为 C. went。

46. _____ for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not be so thriving as it is.

A. Had it not been B. Were it not C. Be it not D. Should it not be

解析：“要不是老百姓的及时投资，我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。”本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件，if省略，主语it与助动词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样：If it had nor been for the timely investment from the general public。这是重点句型，在各类测试中常考。答案： A. Had it not been

47. A safety analysis _____ the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done.

A. would identify B. will identify

C. would have identified D. will have identified

解析：“一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是，这样的分析从未做过。”这是对过去时间的虚拟，表示过去要做而没有做的事。因而答案选 C. would have identified

48. In the past men generally preferred that their wives _____ in the home.

A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working

解析：“过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。”因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词,其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。 答案：C. work

49. Had he worked harder, he _____ the exams.

A. must have got through B. would have got through

C. would get through D. could get through

解析：本题前半句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，后半句是表示与过去事实相反的主句。相当于：If he had worked harder, he would have got through the exams.本题的答案是B. would have got through。选项A. must have got through（肯定通过）表示一种对过去事情的主观推测，不是与过去事情相反的情况。另外，must不能用在虚拟条件句中。选项C.

would get through（就会通过）是虚拟语气现在时的一种表示方法，表示与现在事实相反。选项D. could get through（可能通过），could也可以用于非真实条件句里，表示与事实相反的情况，但这里，它只表示与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反。

50. I'd rather you _____ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.

A. would go B. should go C. went D. had gone

解析：主语+would rather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气：用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选C. went。

1.The boy acted ____ he had never lived in Canada before.

A. as though B. even if C. as D. since

2. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.

A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone

3. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday.

A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed

4.The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.

A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring

5.I wish I ____ able to tell him all about it last night.

A. was B. were C. had been D. should be

6. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus.

A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught

7.If I ____ more time, I would have gone with him.

A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have

8.He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he ____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came C. would have come D. had come

9. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away.

A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested

10. Jane\'s uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.

A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not

11. Don\'t touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _____ you.

A. would come to B. would come at C. would have come toward D. will come to

12. Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

13. How I wish I ____ to reapair the watch! I only made it worse.

A. had tried B. hadn\'t tried C. have tried D. didn\'t try

14. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experimentwas done.

A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written

15. The man insisted that he _____ there.

A. should send B. would be sent C. sent D. be sent

16. If he had not gone out in the storm _____.

A.he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now

17. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do?

A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain

18. It is required that you ____ at six.

A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive

19. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.

A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew

20. He spoke in a quiet, distinct voice, as though his thought _____.

A. was far away B. had been far away C. were far away D. went far away

21. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet.

A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should

22. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now.

A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known

D. had listened, would know

23. But for the party, he ___ of hunger 30 years ago.

A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die

24. ___ today, he would got there for holiday.

A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves

25. I would have come earlier, but I ___ that you were waiting for me.

A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known

26. It’s high time that we ___ to school.

A. would to B. went C. go D. will go

27. It seems as if it ___ rain.

A. will B. is going to C. is to D. were going to

28. I’d rather you ___ right away.

A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave

29. He is working hard for fear that he ___.

A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail

30. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.

A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry

31. Supposing I ___ this gift, what would he say?

A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept

32. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to

prepare for the exam.

A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given

33. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I ___ your birthday party.

A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended

34. He insisted that he ___ me before.

A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw

35. The two strangers talked as if they ___ friends for years.

A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been

36. We ___ our lives had it not been for the policeman.

A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost

37. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow.

---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting.

A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have

38. He wishes ___ mistakes.

A. he doesn’t always make B. he isn’t always making C. he didn’t always make D. he wouldn’t always making

39. It ___ very nice if only it were possible.

A. will be B. would be C. is D. were

40. Without your help, our team ___ the last match.

A. won’t win B. will lose C. wouldn’t have won D. can’t win

41. I wish ___ I what to do.

A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know

42. ___, I would take an umbrella with me.

A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you

43. If I had hurried, I ___ the train.

A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught

44. He insisted that John ___ it.

A. do B. does C. did D. would do

45. It is high time we ___ off.

A. are B. were C. be D. will be

46. He felt as if he ___ more time to study for the test.

A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need

47. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Willians immediately.

A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak

48. James wishes he ___ the football game instead of the film.

A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen

49. I wish ___.

A. he left B. he leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me

alone

50. If I had known that, I ___ so.

A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done

51. The doctor suggested that she ___.

A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. would not smoke D. did not smoke

52. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call.

A. be B. am C. was D. were

53. You talk as if you ___ there.

A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be

54. He suggested that the work ___ at once.

A. would started B. would be started C. should started D. should be started

55. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school.

A. will happen B. happen C. should happen D. happened

56. It is imperative that you ___ on time.

A. are B. will be C. be D. would be

57. I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I ___ there.

A. was B. were C. had been D. went

58. It is time we ___ up our results.

A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum

59. If the doctor had been available, the child ___.

A. would not die B. would not have died C. could not die D. could not have died

60. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he ___.

A. never had felt tired B. had never felt tired C. never felt tired D. was tired never

61. I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I ___ the book from which it was made.

A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. am reading

62. You are late. If you ___ a few minutes earlier, you ___ him.

A. came/ would meet B. had come/ would have met C. come/ will meet D. had come/ would met

63. I wish my husband ___ as well as yours.

A. had dressed B. dress C. will dress D. dressed

64. Edison kept phosphorus carefully in a bottle lest it ___.

A. would burn B. burned C. was burning D. should burn

65. He looked as if he ___ ill for a long time.

A. was B. were C. has been D. had been

66. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child ___.

A. would not have been lied there for two hours

B. would not have laid there for two hours

C. would not have lied there for two hours

D. would not have lain there for two hours

67. I wish that I ___ with you last night.

A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone

68. Let’s say you could go there again, how ___ feel?

A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you

69. Mr. Brown left for London long ago. That’s pity. I wish ___.

A. I meet him. B. I’ll have met him C. I’d had met him D. I’d meet him

70. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he ___ everything.

A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known

71. I wish I ___.

A. will tell him that B. didn’t tell him that

C. told him not that D. had not told him that

72. If you had told me in advance, I ___ him at the airport.

A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet

73. Kunar can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ___ me how.

A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach

74. I would have told him the answer had it been possible but I ___ so busy then.

A. had been B. were C. was D. would be

75. I wish I ___ able to tell him all about it last night.

A. should be B. were C. had been D. was

76. If it ___ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.

A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see

77. He suggested that they ___ use a trick instead of fighting.

A. should B. would C. do D. had

78. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ___ there.

A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go

79. I would have gone to the meeting if I ___ time.

A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had

80. John wished ___.

A. he will study more B. he had studied more C. he studies D. he won’t have studied more

81. You look so tired tonight. It is time you ___.

A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed

82. “Why didn’t you buy a new car?” “I would have bought one if I ___ enough money. ”

A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had

83. I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.

A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing

84. If she could sew, ___.

A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt

D. she would had made a coat

85. ___ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

86. His doctor suggested that he ___ a short trip abroad.

A. will take B. would take C. take D. took

87. The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d only let us know earlier, ___ at the station.

A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them

88. If I __ you, I ___ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C. would be/ would pay D. were/ would pay

89. We might have failed if you ___ us a helping hand.

A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give

90. The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.

A. has B. had C. have D. will have

91. I wish ___ I busy yesterday; I could have helped you with the problem.

A. hadn’t been B. weren’t C. wasn’t D. have not been

92. Had I known her name, ___.

A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful D. I would have invited her to lunch

93. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he ___ all about that.

A. know B. knows C. known D. knew

94. If I ___ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.

A. possessed B. owned C. had D. had had

95. I wish I ___ a young man again.

A. am B. was C. were D. will be

96. The librarian insists that John ___ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed.

A. will take B. took C. take D. takes

97. I left very early last night, but I wish I ___ so early.

A. didn’t B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave

98. I do not have a job. I would find one but I ___ no time.

A. had B. didn’t have C. had had D. have

99. I wish that you ___ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

100. He insisted that we all ___ in his office at one o’clock.

A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be

第八部分练习题的答案：

1.a 2. d 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. d 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. c 11. b 12. d 13. b 14. b 15. d 16. c 17. b 18. b 19. d 20. b 21.b 22. d 23. a 24. b 25. a 26. b 27. b 28. b 29. d 30. c 31. b 32. c 33. d 34. c 35. d 36. a 37. b 38. c 39. b 40. c 41. a

42. c 43. c 44. a 45. b 46. c 47. a 48. d 49. d 50. b 51. b 52. d 53. c 54. d 55. c 56. c 57. c 58. b 59. b 60. b

61. b 62. b 63. d 64. d 65. d 66. d 67. d 68. c 69. c 70. a 71. d 72. c 73. d 74. c 75. c 76. a 77. a 78. c 79. a 80. b 81. d 82. d 83. c 84. b 85. c 86. c 87. c 88. d 89. c 90. c 91. a 92. d 93. d 94. d 95. c 96. c 97. b 98. d 99. c 100. a

1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.

A. have read B. had read

C. should have read D. are reading

2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.

A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met

C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet

3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be B. would be

C. have been D. had been

4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.

A. speak B. spoke

C. will speak D. to speak

5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was B. were

C. has been D. had been

6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.

A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours

C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours

7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.

A. went B. could go

C. have gone D. could have gone

8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?

A. will you B. should you

C. would you D. do you

9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.

A. knew B. knows

C. has known D. had known

10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.

A. Because of B. In spite of

C. In case of D. But for

11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.

A. would meet B. would had met

C. would have met D. would have meet

12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.

A. teaches B. will teach

C. has taught D. would teach

13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.

A. had been B. were

C. was D. would be

14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.

A. should fall behind B. fell behind

C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind

15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.

A. had rained B. would have rained

C. have seen D. rained

16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.

A. should B. would

C. do D. had

17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.

A. not went B. won’t go

C. not go D. not to go

18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.

A. had had B. have had

C. had D. would have had

19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?

A. decided against B. will decide against

C. have decided D. shall decide against

20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.

A. go to sleep B. went to sleep

C. go to bed D. went to bed

21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?

—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.

A. had B. have had

C. would have D. had had

22.If she could sew, _____.

A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt

C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat

23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.

A. will take B. would take

C. take D. took

25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.

A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them

C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them

26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay

C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay

27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.

A. have not given B. would not give

C. had not given D. did not give

28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.

A. has B. had

C. have D. will have

29.It is strange that he _____ so.

A. would say B. would speak

C. should say D. will speak

30.Had I known her name, _____

A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch.

31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.

A. know B. knows

C. known D. knew

32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.

A. possessed B. owned

C. had D. had had

33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come B. came

C. would have come D. will come

34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.

A. will take B. took

C. take D. takes

35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.

A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left

C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave

36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.

A. had B. didn’t have

C. had had D. have

37.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had

C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

38.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock.

A. be B. to be

C. would be D. shall be

39.Helen couldn’t go to France after all. That’s too bad. I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _____.

A. she’s gone B. she’ll go

C. she’d gone D. she’d go

40.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.

A. go B. shall go

C. will go D. would go

1—5 BBDAD 6—10 DDCAD 11—15 CDCAA 16—20 ACAAD 21—25 DBCCC 26—30 DCCCD 31—35 DDCCB 36—40 DCACD

解析：

1.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

2.条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

3.as if后面如果表示真实情况就不用虚拟。

4.It is important that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

5.as if后面是真实情况，不虚拟。

6.lain是lie的过去分词，表示“躺”。

7.could have done表示“本来可以”。

8.与将来相反的虚拟语气，主句用过去将来时。

9.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。

10.but for表示“要不是……的话”，通常与虚拟语气搭配使用。

11.in advance表示“事先”，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

12.wish的宾语从句表示发生在将来的愿望用过去将来时。

13.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。

14.for fear that后面的状语从句用sb. should do的形式。

15.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时，从句用过去完成时。

16.suggest后面的宾语从句用sb. should do的形式。

17.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

18.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

19.would rather的宾语从句用sb. did的形式。

20.It is time后面的定语从句用sb. did的形式。

21.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。

22.would have done是过去将来完成时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。

23.这是虚拟语气的倒装形式，把if去掉，助动词提前。

24.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

25.表示与过去事实相反，主句用过去将来完成时。

26.在虚拟语气中，不管什么人称，be动词都要用were的形式。

27.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

28.require后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

29.It is strange that是主语从句的虚拟语气，从句用sb. should do的形式。

30.had I known是与过去相反的虚拟语气的倒装形式。

31.as if表示不可能发生的事情时用虚拟语气。

32.第一个had是过去完成时，第二个had表示“有”。

33.otherwise经常可以搭配虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反。

34.当insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟形式。

35.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

36.but的并列句表示真实情况，不用虚拟语气。

37.wish后面用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。

38.当insist表示“坚持要求”时从句用虚拟形式。

39.表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。

40.suggest后面的从句用sb. should do的形式，should可以省略。

1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.

A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished

2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.

A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for

3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.

A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone

4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.

A. did; set B. had done; should be set

C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set

5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .

A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /

6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.

A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being

7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.

A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent

8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.

A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting

9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.

A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been

10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.

A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be

11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave D. If he leave

12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .

A. would be saved B. would have been saved

C. will be saved D. had been saved

13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.

A. would B. should have C. may D. have

14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.

A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were

15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.

A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.

A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch

17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”

--- “No, but I wish I _____”

A. have B. will C.

do D. had

18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .

A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed

19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”

--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”

A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide

20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?

A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow

21. If only I _____ my watch!

A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lost D. don’t lose

22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.

A. may not make B. might not make

C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made

23. We _____ the work on time without your help.

A. hadn’t had finished B. didn’t have finished

C. couldn’t have finished D. can’t have finished

24. --- “Where have you been?”

--- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”

A. I would be here B. I have been here

C. I had been here D. I would have been here

25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.

A. were B. had been C. are D. should be Key: 1-5. CAABB 6-10. BCBCB 11-15. CAABDB 16—20. CDCCA 21-25. ADCDC

Exercise One

1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.

A) informed B) would be informed C) be informed D) had been informed

2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.

A) has B) have C) had D) having

3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.

A) turned B) turn C) had turned D) would turn

4. If only you __________ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.

A) didn't told B) hadn't told C) would not tell D) would have not told

5. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.

A) would have been B) had been C) should have been D) could be

6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.

A) had invented B) were invented C) should have been invented D) had been invented

7. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.

A) Were they to B) Could they C) If they D) Would they

8. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.

A) had caught B) should have caught C) could have caught D) caught

9. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.

A) shouldn't have washed B) mustn't have washed

C) can not have washed D) needn't have washed

10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.

A) has to get B) were to get C) had got D) could have got

11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself.

A) injure B) had injured C) injured D) would injure

12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.

A) were not played B) not to play C) not be played D) did not play

13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first. (98-1-59)

A) would go B) will go C) went D) have gone

14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.

A) be collected B) must be collected C) was collected D) can be collected

15. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve

16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.

A) is assigned B) will be assigned C) be assigned D) has been assigned

17. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.

A) needn't have seen B) must have seen

C) might have seen D) can't have seen

18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.

A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned

C) would telephone D) had telephoned

19. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.

A) is not started B) will not be started

C) not be started D) is not to be started

20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

A) could have slept B) slept

C) might have slept D) have slept

21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.

A) ought have B) would have invited

C) should invite D) may have invited

22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.

A) needn't go B) should not go

C) had better not go D) needn't have gone

23. With all this work on hand, he __________ to the cinema last night.

A) mustn't go B) wouldn't go

C) oughtn't to go D) shouldn't have gone

24. It was essential that the application forms ___________ back before the deadline (截止日期)

A) must be sent B) would be sent C) be sent D) were sent

Exercise Two

1. If I _________ the opportunity I would not have missed it.

A) had given C) had been giving

B) was given D) had been given

2. If we _______ yesterday, we _________ the work.

A) weren't interrupted.., would finish

B) didn't interrupt.., would have finished

C) hadn't been interrupted.., would have finished

D) hadn't interrupted.., would have finished

3. Ask him to ring me up if you ____________ him.

A) should see C) .saw

B) would see D) will see

4. Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but ________ if you had spent less time in playing football?

A) wouldn't they have been better C) won't they be better

B) wouldn't they be better D) won't they have been better

5. I didn't know this Picasso exhibit was closed, but I wouldn't have been able to come even if _________ about it.

A) I know C) I have been knowing

B) I'd known D) I've known

6. If he ___________ hard in the past five years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.

A) had not been working C) was not working

B) has not been working D) were not working

7. "Do you think the thief entered through the garage door?"

"No. If he had, I don't believe he __________ the living room window."

A) would have broken C) has broken

B) had broken D) broke

8. I wish that you hadn't had such a bad headache because I'm sure that you ________ the concert.

A) will enjoy C) would enjoy

B) will have enjoyed D) would have enjoyed

9. I'd rather you __________ anything about it for the time being.

A) do B) didn't do C) don't do D) didn't

10. He doesn't dare to leave the house in case ___________.

A) he will recognize C) he is recognized

B) he should be recognized D) he recognize

11. He is working hard for fear that he ___________ .

A) fell behind C) should fall behind

B) may fall behind D) would fall behind

12. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _________ on the way.

A) breaks down C) would break down

B) broke down D) should break down

13. It is highly desirable that a new chairman ___________ for the committee.

A) will be elected C) elect

B) is elected D) be elected

14. It is requested that every student ___________ a plan for the next semester.

A) makes B) will make C) make D) would make

15. The librarian recommended that the professor __________ the newly published book.

A) borrow C) should have borrowed

B) borrowed D) borrowing

16. If they _________ the contract ahead of time, they could not have missed the plan.

A) signed C) would have signed

B) had signed D) should sign

17. I don't think it advisable that he _________ to the job since he has no experience.

A) be assqgned C) is assigned

B) will be assigned D) has been assigned

18. What do you think of his proposal that we __________ put on a play at the English evening?

A) will B) should C) has D) have

19. He must have missed the train, otherwise he _________ then.

A) should arrive here C) would have arrived here

B) has arrived here D) arrived here

20. But for friction, people _________ neither walk, nor even stand up.

A) can B) were able to C) will be able D) could

21. Mr. Johnson prefers that _________ with him personally.

A) she speaks C) she speak

B) she will speak D) she would speak

22. You _________ yesterday, if you were really serious about the job.

A) ought to come C) ought to be coming

B) ought to have come D) ought have come

23. The old worker urged that we __________ cheaper materials instead.

A) use B) used C) would use D) will use

24. Suppose/Supposing you _________ him now, what would you say to him?

A) meet B) met C) have met D) would meet

25. His father had hoped that he ________ into business.

A) would have gone C) can go

B) will go D) would go

26. Helen doesn't know how much I spent in repairing the house; if she ever found out, I'm sure she __________ me.

A) would never forgive C) does never forgive

B) never forgives D) will never forgive

KEY:

Exercise One

1-5: CBABC6-10: DACDB 11-15: ACCAD16-20: CDACA 21-24: BDDC

Exercise Two:

1-5: DCAAB 6-10: AADBB 11-15: CDDBA 16-20: BABCD 21-25: CBABB 26-30: BACDA