International trade simulated
laboratory report
Name: Xie Jin Yang
Student id: 10180101054
User name: stud42
Class: Q1031 international trade
2012-2013 the first semester
International trade simulated
laboratory report
International trade is a strong profession required to the students’ comprehensive ability, which has a very wide range of knowledge at involving and application in international trade. In the past, through international trade, customs declaration and other courses, from a theoretical point of view, we understood some international trade major basic requirements and basic skills. but more importantly, by the practical learning of trading simulation experiment, we can apply theoretical knowledge to practice, put the knowledge into practical ability, which made us have been greatly improved in understanding the foreign trade business operations and business process, also easily have access to some foreign trade operating skills. Now I put the term foreign trade simulation experiment are summarized as follows:
Establishing business relations
This is the first basic business requirements in our foreign trade simulation experiment lesson; also it is the first step for us to work in foreign trade. Firstly we must know which platform or channel to find customers who need our products. Through the Internet, friends, and other better ways, we can establish the potential customer. Next step we actively mail the establishment of diplomatic relations to you . Establishing business relationship is simple. First, specified customer information channels; second, show diplomatic intention; third, introduce us and describe the professionalism of our products; fourth, attach brochures, including name, price, performance, materials, specifications, and technical parameters.
Export quotation
According to the market condition and the company's actual situation, we need make a reasonable quotation. The key is that we must consider the impact of various factors such as the cost of goods, quality, cost, quantity, trade, packaging, transport,
insurance and so on. In general, we will use FOB, CFR, and CIF three price quotations. Although we are familiar with the difference between these three kinds of price terms, we still feel it difficult to operate. Maybe it involves exchange rate, tax rate and other information, which requires us strong calculation capacity; eventually we were not easy to finish this task.
Offer
First, the content of a offer must be clear, including the name of commodity, quality, quantity of goods, payment, cargo transport. Second, clearly indicate it the firm or virtual disk. Third, provide an acceptable date. Fourth, express the will of the clinch a deal .Once accepted, the offeror will conclude the contract according to the contract condition. If the offer is added in some restrictive conditions, which suggests that a party will not be bound by.
Export counter offer calculation
If bargaining to the other side, we have to carry out bargain calculation. Knowing the expected profit influence degree to us after the price down, we will analyze the composition of each element of the price. In order to ensure our own interests, we need know what elements and constituents are likely to change and adjust.
Counter offer
If the transaction appears counter, the original offer counter-offer will be a failure.
A counter offer means a new offer. If the customer objects to the product condition, we can make a further offer, which finally reach a deal after repeated communication and consultation.
Export transactions accounting
The key of operating this step is to know some composition, such as purchase cost, total tax revenue, purchasing cost, and cost breakdown of their respective. And then according to these factors, we can make some calculation of transaction cost,
accounting profit and so on. Eventually, we judge whether can sign the contract according to the expected results.
Export contract
According to the basic clause of export contract, when making sales confirmation, we need require content comprehensive. Transaction contract letter was mail, at the same time; we urge them to sign a contract. As soon as the signing of the contract is successful, it shall be binding on both parties. What's more important, both sides of the transaction have to regard contract as the premise.
Credit audit
According to the basic principle of reviewing credit, we need clearly write the credit problems and the reasons for amending the letter. Some common credit problems should be paid to special attention, including L/C goods item do not conform with the contract, the amount is inconsistent with the contract, the contract terms corresponding to L/C clauses and inconsistent, payment methods do not conform to the contract requirement and so on.
Amend a credit
The requirement is to found credit error, then modify and draft the correct letter. List some findings in the credit, and inform the customer, and state the validity of amendments.
Shipping booking
When exporters issued the l/c amendment, we received the modified reply sent by importer and l/c amendment certificate sent by the issuing bank. Next step, we began to reserve the goods, and commissioned by the foreign trade transportation company or its agent to booking. It is notable that we make shipping order, commercial invoice, and packing list.
Export declaration
After reserving space and receiving booking receipt, exporters will declare the export formalities to the Customs. Among customs clearance documents including declaration of export goods, commercial invoice, packing list and so on
Insure
According to the sales contract and the revised letter of credit, carefully fill in related content of the application of lading, including the contract number, name of goods, quantity of goods, value of goods, number of packages, and name of the carrying vessel, voyage, and bill of lading number.
Shipment
After insured, importer issued shipment notice of the goods. It is informed that the importer’s goods have been shipped safely, as well as the ship number and departure time.
Export documents
According to the requirements of export documents and some regulations in the credit and amendment from foreign banks, we will make a full set of export documents. The production of documents is related to the smooth received the payment, so when making the documents, we must be correct, complete, timely, concise, rigorous.
Examination of the documents
We must be very careful with the examination of the documents, it is very important to check document, contract and credit checks, but also to check documents and documents, we must be much attention to find out the discrepancies of documents, At the same time, attention should be paid to the auditing method, it is necessary for
us to reasonably use of transverse audit and longitudinal audit.
Business with
After the completion of the transaction, according to the issuing bank's payment information, we should send a letter to the customer. It divided into two types, one is well received payment, the other is by bank dishonored. For smooth received the payment, we will inform the customer of receiving payment and indicate a further willingness to cooperate, at the same time also can recommend our other new products. For dishonored, firstly express regret, and show the dishonored reasons, eventually wish to solve a problem with friendly consultations.
International trade simulation experiment class, through practice operation,which made me familiar with the operatic processes of foreign trade business, and put the knowledge into practical. The ability to operate in practice, for me, it is a valuable wealth.
On the curriculum and teachers to further improve
curriculum proposal
Our school foreign trade simulation experiment course, gives us a very good foreign trade practice platform. However, through this semester of study for international trade simulated experiment lesson, personally I still want to put forward some suggestions.
A: Although improve our ability of practical operation, there are some differences between experimental course content with theory of knowledge in our foreign trade course, some even have some mistakes, we hope to improve foreign trade simulation operating system, thus dedicated us to combine the theoretical knowledge into practice.
B: For the curriculum, we are basically in accordance with a module to a module, and complete the relevant module program in every class, which easily make uneven difficulty. For instance, some are very easy, while some are of great pressure in class. I hope that teachers can reasonably regulate class content according to the complex degree of curriculum. Like some classes have more complex accounting, we can arrange for two hours to complete the teaching goal, for relatively simple offer and counter-offer, we will make it a lesson.
外贸仿真实验报告
姓名：谢晋扬
学号：10180101054
用户名:stud42
班级：国贸Q1031
2012-2013第一学期
外贸仿真实验报告
国际贸易是对学生综合能力要求很强的一门专业，在国际贸易中涉及和运用的知识非常广泛，过去我们通过国际贸易，报关实务等课程的学习从理论上了解了国际贸易实务专业的基本要求和基本能力，但更重要的是，通过外贸仿真实验的实际操作的学习，让我把理论知识运用于实践，把所学转化为实际的操作能力，使自己在外贸业务操作方面以及对业务流程的了解得到了很大的提升，获取了部分外贸的操作技能。现在我把这学期的外贸仿真实验课的所的总结如下：
建立业务关系
这是我们外贸仿真实验课第一课的第一项基本业务要求，这更是我们从事外贸工作的第一步，第一我们要知道，我们要在哪个平台上，哪个渠道找到需要我们产品的客户，通过互联网，朋友介绍，还是等等更好的方式，确立了潜在客户，我们就可以主动的发建交意愿给对方，首先建立业务关系函要指明客户信息所获渠道，第二表明建交意愿，第三自我介绍，描述我们产品的专业性，第四可以另附产品介绍小册子给对方，包括：品名，性能，材料，报价，规格，技术参数等。
出口报价
根据市场行情，根据公司实际状况，报出合理的价格，报价时要考虑影响商品的各种因素，如成本，费用，品质，交易数量，包装，运输，保险等等。在一般情况下会使用FOB、CFR、CIF三种价格对外报价。虽然知道这三种价格术语的区别，但在实际操作中，还是感觉有难度，因为涉及，汇率，税率等信息，要求很强的计算能力，最后还是很不容易的完成的这项任务。
发盘
第一，发盘的内容要明确，包括商品名称、质量、数量、货物支付方式、货物运输，第二要明确表明实盘还是虚盘，第三要规定接受的日期，第四要表达成交的意愿，发盘一旦得到接受，发盘人即按发盘条件订立合同。若在发盘中加注了一些限制性条件，表明建议的一方将不受约束。
出口还价核算
要针对对方还价，必须对还价进行核算，了解价格降低之后对我们预期利润的影响程度，然后再分析构成价格的各要素当中，哪些要素和成分有可能做出改变和调整，以保证自身利益。
还盘
如果交易出现还盘，就意味着原先的发盘失效，还盘就是一项新的发盘，如果客户对产品的条件有异议，还可以进行再还盘，经过反复的交流，磋商，最后达成交易。
出口成交核算
进行这一步的操作必须得了解购货总成本、总退税收入、实际采购成本、费用细目各自的构成。然后根据这些因素计算交易成本，利润核算等等，然后根据预期再判断，是否可以签订此份合同。
出口合同签订
根据出口合同基本条款制作销售确认书，要求条款内容全面具体。并寄出成交签约函，催促对方会签合同。合同签订成功对双方都有约束力。双方的交易事项要以合同为前提。
审核信用证
要根据审核信用证的基本原则，对信用证进行审核，写清楚信用证存在的问题并写出要求修改信用证的理由。特别要注意信用证常出现的问题：包括L/C的商品货号与合同不符、金额与合同不一致、L/C条款与合同相应条款不符、付款方式不符合同要求等
修改信用证
找出信用证错误，然后进行修改，然后草拟改证函。列出在信用证上找到的错误，并告知客户；说明改证的有效期。
托运订舱
出口托运订舱在出口商发出信用证修改函后，收到进口商寄来的修改回复和开证行寄来的信用证修改证书之后，开始储备货物，并委托对外贸易运输公司或其代理人代为订舱。需要注意的是订舱委托书、商业#5@p、装箱单的填制。
出口报关
出口商在订妥舱位收到配舱回单后向海关办理货物的申报出口手续，报关文件主要包括：出口货物报关单、商业#5@p、装箱单等
投保
根据销售合同以及对方发过来的修改过信用证，填写投保装船单的有关内
容，包括合同号码、货物名称、货物金额、货物数量、包装件数、承运船名、运输航次、提单号码等。
装船
投保后进口商发出货物装运通知。告知进口商货物已经安全装船，以及船号和起运时间。
出口单据制作
根据出口单据制作的要求及国外银行开来的信用证和修改书中的具体规定，缮制全套出口单据。因为单据的制作关系到能否顺利收到货款，我们在缮制单据时必须做到正确、完整、及时、简洁、严谨。
审核单据
在审核单据的时候，我们要格外的细心，要把单据与合同，信用证核对，同时也要单据与单据之间的核对，找出单据的不符时要格外注意，要认真审核。同时要注意审核的方法，合理运用横向审核和纵向审核。
业务善后
在交易完成之后，我们要根据开征行的付款信息给客户发出一份善后函，善后函分为两种，一种是顺利收到货款的，一种是遭到银行拒付的。对于顺利收到货款的，我们要通知客户，收到货款的情况，并要表明要进一步合作的意愿，同时还可以推荐我们的其他产品。对于遭到拒付的，要首先向对方表示遗憾，并要表明遭到拒付的原因，希望对方能够友好的协商，解决拒付的问题。
外贸仿真实验课，让我通过实践的操作，熟悉了外贸业务的操作流程，让我把理论知识运用于实践，把所学转化为实际的操作能力。这种实践操作能力，对于我来说是一笔宝贵的财富。
对该课程和任课教师进一步改进课程的建议
我们学校的外贸仿真实验课，给我们提供了一个很好的外贸操作实务的平台，但通过这学期的学习对于外贸仿真实验课，我还是希望提出一些建议。
一：外贸仿真实验提高了我们的实际操作能力，但是实验课程的有些内容还是与我们相关外贸课程所学的理论知识还是有所差距，有些甚至出现一些错误，希望以后能够不断改进外贸仿真实验的操作系统，使其与我们学习的理论知识和企业的实际情况接轨。
二：对于课程，我们上课基本上都是按照一个模块一个模块来的，每节课都要完成相关模块的计划，所以造成，有些课时十分的轻松但有些课时的压力很大，希望日后老师可以根据课程的难以繁杂程度，来合理的调节课时内容。像有些课时有比较复杂相关核算的课程等，我们就可以安排两节课时去完成，对于比较简单的发盘还盘就可以用一节课去解决。