恬静如诗，如饮清泉

——读梭罗《瓦尔登湖》

题记：在一个变化迅速的时代，真有一种危险，那就是信息灵通和有教养是互相排斥的两件事情。要信息灵通，就必须很快阅读大量只是指南手册之类的书。而要有教养，就必须读比较少量的书，那是不同寻常地发生过，思考过，感觉过的人写成的书，这样的书必须慢慢地读，并且慢慢地去欣赏。

写得无拘无束，没有一点迂腐和胭脂气，未必要表达什么看法，只传达给你一种温馨的氛围，有山野的气息，我相信一切自然的人都会被梭罗的《瓦尔登湖》柔柔的声音迷住。打开书，我们甚至可以听得见蛙声和鸟啼，看得见湖水的波纹和林中的雾霭。译者徐迟真正是得了它的神韵的，他在《译序》中这样的写道：

你能把你的心安静下来吗？如果你的心并没有安静下来，我说，你也许最好是先把心安静下来，然后你再打开这本书，否则，你也许会读不下去，认为它太浓缩，难读，艰深，甚至会觉得它莫名其妙，莫知所云。

是的，自然，是他灵魂的所在，自然就是美，一切的美含在了其中。而人在自然的关注之中，自然在风的关注之中，风来自天堂，来自神灵。风锁在了时间里了。那里一切都停住了，时间也停住了，时间就是一个孩子，一个在海滩嬉戏的孩子。瓦尔登湖在这里是清晰的。因为瓦尔登湖在梭罗的笔下已被描绘得毫发毕现了。

《瓦尔登湖》是那种彻底拒绝浮躁的好书，有一种返璞归真的美丽蕴藏在里面，你要心无杂念地去捧读，心如止水还止水的沉静去思去读才能懂得这样做的好处。书中隽语不断迭出，犹如涓涓细流注入当下人们的心灵的荒原，给人以一种清新冲淡通脱之美的感受，自然，除了自然，好像什么也没有了。自然是存在之家，而人以自然之家为家。

梭罗是自然之子，他教会了我们要有足够的耐心，把心沉下去，远离烦躁和世俗功利。才28岁的他成了爱默生的得力助手。张永义在一本书中这样说他，他的出走倒有点儿像闭关修炼，怎样置身于寂静的自然环境之中，而能心无杂念，让可耻的孤独感悄悄隐退。但梭罗在《经济篇》却这样说：“有些人说我的这个生活方式很怪僻，虽然我根本不觉得怪僻，考虑到我那些境遇，我觉得非常自然，而且合情合理呢。”而梭罗是喜欢孤独的。但孤独不等于寂寞，他说：“我喜欢孤独。我没有碰到比寂寞更好的同伴了。”是的,他绝不是一个孤独者，而是精神上的富有者，我觉得他那自己那透明的，孤独的脑海里总会不断地涌起波涛，把沉积在海底的砂子都掀动起来，把水搅混了。月光下，他，在思想；月光下，他，更在写作！那满地的月光，在雕刻，将一个孤独的身影雕刻在大地上。或许那才是真正的“人，诗意的栖居”之所吧。

梭罗用质朴的声音，欢快自信的语调告诫我们，一亿人当中才能一个人生活得诗意而神圣。读过《瓦尔登湖》才懂得何谓深邃纯净无杂质，有时我觉得它比蒙田的随笔，纪伯伦的先知更能使我感悟，领略智慧之美。梭罗心中充满理想与激情，他的字里行间洋溢着一种信念，相信人的天性纯洁，人可以返璞归真，达到完美境界，坚信只有在简朴的生活中才能感觉上帝的存在，投身自然之中才能寻找自我。

《瓦尔登湖》是真正伟大的作品，它能够直通你的心灵，深入你的骨髓，熔铸到你的整个品性和人格，甚至成为你生命的一部分，当然，你得用心去进入。梭罗在《湖》中这样写到：“瓦尔登湖的风景是卑微的，虽然很美，却并不是宏伟的，不常去玩的人，不住在它岸边的人未必能被它吸引住；但是这样一个湖以深邃和清澈著称，值得给予突出的描写。这是一个明亮深绿色的湖，半英里长，周围约一英里又四分之三，面积约61英亩半。”通脱自然再平常不过了，但它时刻唤醒着我们记忆中的那份风景。“他说话语气很轻，带着几分痴傻：‘我也没有像鸣禽一般地歌唱，我只静静地微笑，笑我幸福无涯。’”

梭罗眼中的湖不仅仅是一个湖，而且是一个充满着性情的湖。因为“一个湖是风景中最美的，最有表情的姿容。它是大地的眼睛；望着它的人可以侧出他自己天性的深浅。湖所产生的湖边的树木就睫毛一样的镶边，而四周森林蓊郁的群山和山岸是它的浓密突出的眉毛。”多少次，我也这样欣赏风景，我的心中

的湖，然而我却常常是失望的。后来我明白了，世界上只有一个瓦尔登湖，而且是梭罗的瓦尔登湖。 其实，世界上的每一个人都在寻找自己的瓦尔登湖。

当然，梭罗不是那种不食人间烟火的隐士，而我们却从他那里发现许多的光亮。他在《阅读篇》中写到：“一个人如果不能相信每一天都有一个比亵渎过的更早，更神圣的曙光时晨，他一定是已经对于生命失望的了，正在摸索着一条降入黑暗的道路。”在《春天》中他又说：“我们需要看到我们突破自己的限度，需要在一些我们从未漂泊过的牧场上自由地生活。”好像他在给我们众生指明道路，“那末，走你自己的路吧。”梭罗好像对生活有一种妙悟，是的，一种真正的人生妙悟。这种妙悟不是从天而降，而是从瓦尔登湖那里思得来的。诚如他在书中的《结论》指出那样：“至少我是从实验中了解到：一个人若能自信地向他梦想的方向行进，努力经营他所期望的生活，他是可以获得通常还意想不到的成功的。” 如果有谁认为梭罗仅仅是个隐士，那他便忽视了他还是位抨击时弊的演说家和诲人不倦的教师；如果有谁妄想从《瓦尔登湖》里获得亲近泥土的捷径，那么就借问牧童和鹧鸪。

当代著名散文家苇岸在《我与梭罗》一文中，这样的推崇梭罗：“最终导致我从诗歌转向散文的，是梭罗的〈瓦尔登湖〉。当我初读这本举世无双的书时，我幸福地感到我对它的喜爱超过了任何诗歌”。敬仰之情可见。“梭罗的散文也未丧失俊美的‘诗意’，而我因为倾心梭罗这种自由，自意，像土地一样开放的文字方式。”的确，在他的散文《大地上的事情》里我们可以读出这样的诗意来。

在这之前，我没有读过如此的令我着迷的书，她也让我一度不安的心在这里找到了真正的家，我的心灵之家。里面蕴涵无限丰富的内含，而我的笔在这里显得多么的掘劣，我恨我自己。我恨，但我没有忧伤，我反而觉得我是世界上最幸福的人，因为正是在这个时候，我遇上了她。或许这是一种宿命。是的，宿命。如果有人问我，为什么那么的喜欢她，那么我可以毫无夸张的说，我在她身上发现了我自己。

“在白昼的繁忙生活之中，我有时读它还读不进去，似乎我异常喜欢的在本书忽然又不那么可爱可喜了，似乎觉得它什么好处也没有，甚至变得将信将疑起来。可是黄昏以后，心情渐渐的寂寞和恬静下来，再读此书，则忽然又颇有味，而看的就是白天看不出来辨不出来味道的章节，语语惊人，字字闪光，沁人心肺，动我哀肠。到了夜深人静，万籁无声之时，这《瓦尔登湖》毫不晦涩，清澈见底，吟诵之下，不禁为之神往了。” 徐迟在《译序》中这样的道出了读此书的真谛。白天，黄昏，夜深人静，在这三种不同的时间读书，自然会产生不同的心境，得到的味道自然也是不同的了。我当然没有这样的读过这本书，但我能体会到个中的滋味。好像我要说的话都被他说尽了一样。而我又能说什么呢。唉唉，恨不能相见。

梭罗《瓦尔登湖》的意蕴，恐怕只有在日本文学中才能找到同感的典型。尤其是川端的小说，怎一个“细”字，“淡”字了得，那是另一种审美体验的全面与细致。梭罗诗意的散文与川端散文的小说都要在虚静中阅读的，在虚静中才能体悟到其中的好处。。

梭罗是要主张回归自然的。但梭罗与陶渊明不同，“梭罗到瓦尔登湖去，并非想去做永久‘返归自然’的隐士，而仅是他崇尚‘人的完整性’的表现之一”。当代散文家赵丰在《想象梭罗》中精彩的道出了二人的区别，他这样的写道：“他真的想做隐士吗？为何不到人烟罕至的更遥远的森林去？我的答案是梭罗是一个思想家，而非陶渊明般的隐士。陶渊明构建了桃花源，是想自得其乐，而梭罗呢？他却是通过独居来解析人类的心灵。区别就在于此，从这点来说，梭罗的境界远远高于陶渊明的境界。他的清静和陶渊明的清静有着本质的区别。”是的，这两份悠然或恬静是不一样的。而梭罗更叫我着迷。回归自然，，回到自然中去，做一个自然中的人，一个自然的人，去感悟自然的妙处，领略自然的真谛，这是他一生的追求。他窥到了自然的堂奥，好像在笑，笑我们芸芸众生。梭罗致力于把日常生活的每时每刻变成艺术性的，一种审美的生活，它依靠的是自己：自己耕作，自己收获，感受四季的变化，为春天的到来而欢欣，他倾听，他真正体验着自己，把美学贯彻到他的生活，他的写作中，他说：“片刻的美好经验比一座月亮一般高的纪念碑还要值得记忆”。他是从审美体验中获得真理和伦理。

他在一段日记里又这样写到：“人们常在我耳边叮咛，用他们的美妙理论和解决宇宙问题的各种花言巧语，可是对我并没有帮助。我还是回到那无边无际，亦无岛无屿的汪洋大海上去，一刻不停地探测着，

寻找着可以下锚，紧紧地抓住不放的一处底层的好。”那是一颗朴素淡然的心，单纯而又明晰。“在我们热忱地发现和学习一切事情的同时，我们要求万物是神秘的，并且是无法考察的，要求大陆和海洋永远地狂野，未经勘探，也无人测探，因为它们是无法测探的。我们决不会对自然感到厌倦。我们必须从无穷的精力，广大的巨神似的形象中得到焕发，必须从海岸和岸上的破舟碎片，从旷野和它的生意盎然的以及腐朽林木，从雷云，丛连下三个星期致成水灾的雨，从这一切中得到精神的焕发。”谁能有如此的妙悟呢？自然才是存在之家。读《瓦尔登湖》同样能使我得到精神的焕发，甚至有点脱胎换骨的味道。 虚静，纯净和深邃本来就存在于瓦尔登湖之中。《瓦尔登湖》的题词道出了真谛：

我并不想为沮丧写一首颂歌

倒是要像站在自己的栖所抱晓的雄鸡

劲头十足地夸耀

哪怕只为唤醒我的邻居

当年大思想家奥马尔看到《古兰经》时惊喜地说：“把世上的图书馆都烧掉吧！因为它们的思想精华都浓缩在这一本书里了。”我也很惊讶，暗暗在嗤笑他的狂，但现在我真正的体会到了这句话的好处了。 梭罗是难以谈尽的，同样，想象梭罗也是困难的，真的。好像就是一种宿命，无可奈何地，我深深地爱上了《瓦尔登湖》。她好像一轮朝阳，一个年轻的命运女神，她叫我为之神往，为之倾倒，我已经被她彻底的魅惑了。

第二篇：瓦尔登湖的英语读书笔记

Reading Note

Walden begins in spring, going through summer, autumn and winter, and finally ends in spring. Thoreau describes in detail his two-year and two-month life in a crude cabin besides the Lake Walden and his thinking during that period in the book. He is supported only by his own labour, living a simple and recluse life.

I like these sentences in the book and most of them are philosophical:

1、Public opinion is a weak tyrant compared with our own private opinion. What a man thinks of himself, that it is which determines, or rather indicates, his fate.

2、Yet they honestly think there is no choice left. But alert and healthy natures remember that the sun rose clear. It is never too later to give up our prejudices. No way of thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof.

3、But there are as many ways as there can be drawn radii from one centre.

4、Confucius said, “To know that we know what we know, and that we do not know what we do not know, that is true knowledge.”

5、The life which men praise and regard as successful is but one kind. Why should we exaggerate any one kind at the expense of the others?

6、And if the civilized man’s pursuits the greater part of his life in obtaining gross necessaries and comforts merely, why should he have a better dwelling than the former?

7、Men say they know many things; But look, they have taken wings—the arts and sciences, and a thousand appliances; the wind that blows is all that any body knows.

8、The only co-operation which is commonly possible is exceedingly partial and superficial; and what little true co-operation there is, is as if it were not, being a harmony inaudible to men. To co-operate in the highest as well as the lowest sense, means to get our living together.

9、There are a thousand hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root

10、What is a house but a sedes, a seat?--better if a country seat.

11、For a man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.

12、While the mists, like ghosts, were stealthily withdrawing in every direction into the woods, as at the breaking up of some nocturnal conventicler.

13、Renew thyself completely each day; do it again, and again, and forever again.

14、We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn, which does not forsake us in our soundest sleep.

15、Men say that a stitch in time saves nine tomorrow.

16、Let us spend one day as deliberately as Nature, and not be thrown off the track by every nutshell and mosquito’s wing that falls on the rails…With unrelaxed nerves, with morning vigor, sail by it, looking another way, tied to the mast like Ulysses…Be it life or death, we crave only reality.

17、The intellect is a cleaver; it discerns and rifts its way into the secret of things.

18、Being seated, to run through the region of the spiritual world; I have had this advantage in books. To be intoxicated by a single glass of wine; I have experienced this pleasure when I have drunk the liquor of the esoteric doctrines.

19、This is a delicious evening, when the whole body is one sense, and imbibes delight through every pore. I go and come with a strange liberty in Nature, a part of herself ….yet, like the lake, my serenity is rippled but not ruffled.

20、However mean your life is , meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not so bad as you are…. Cultivate poverty like a garden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes or friends. Turn the old; return to them. Things do not change; we change….Do not seek so anxiously to be developed, to subject yourself to many influences to be played on; it is all dissipation.

21、Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth.

Thoreau consistently emphasizes the minimalism of his lifestyle and the contentment to be derived from it. He repeatedly contrasts his own freedom with the imprisonment of others who devote their lives to material prosperity.

Writing characteristics: firstly, using multiple techniques to describe scene and substance. We appreciate its describing of the splendid, wonderful scenery. Firstly, it is because of Walden beautiful scenery, which is rare in the world. Secondly, the diversity of the technique is another reason, including long-range, close, panoramic, micro, moving and silent scene. Many appropriate and vivid metaphors also add grace for the scenery description. The deeper reason is that the author lives near the lake for a long period without the interference of earthly noise and worldly thoughts. He can see the deepest bottom of lake and the most true color, so he can write the most pure text.

Secondly, expressing the profound thought combining with the specific description. Thoreau is a thoughtful writer, having his own ideal. He regards his life by the lake as an experiment or practice of his outlook on life. Therefore, his work has a profound thought foundation. Although what we see in the book is the specific description and narrative, these are representation of his deep thoughts.

Despite his isolation, Thoreau feels the presence of society surrounding him. The Fitchburg Railroad rushes past Walden Pond, interrupting hid\s reveries and forcing him to contemplate the power of technology. He also finds occasion to converse with a wide range of other people, such as the occasional peasant farmer, railroad worker, or the odd visitor to Walden. Thoreau devotes great attention to nature, the passing of the seasons, and the creatures with which he shares the woods. He recounts the habits of a panoply of animals, from woodchucks to partridges. Some he endows with a larger meaning, often spiritual or psychological. For instance, the hooting loon that plays hide and seek with Thoreau becomes a symbol of the playfulness of nature and its divine laughter at human endeavors. His interest in animals is not exactly like the naturalist's or zoologist's. He does not observe and describe them neutrally and scientifically, but gives them a moral and philosophical significance, as if each has a distinctive lesson to teach him.

As he becomes acquainted with Walden Pond and neighboring ponds, Thoreau finds that Walden Pond is no more than a hundred feet deep, thereby refuting common folk wisdom that it is bottomless. He meditates on the pond as a symbol of infinity that need in their lives. Eventually winter gives way to spring, and with a huge crash and roar the ice of Walden Pond begins to melt and hit the shore. In lyric imagery echoing the onset of Judgment Day, he describes the coming of spring as vast transformation of the face of the wood, a time when all sins are forgiven.

Thoreau's narrative observations give way, in the last chapter of Walden, to a more direct sermonizing about the untapped potential within humanity. In visionary language, Thoreau exhorts us to "meet" our lives and live fully.

08英语2班 G08710207 陆芳芳