1、  红细胞计数和血红蛋白：

参考值：

临床意义：

红细胞及血红蛋白增多：

相对性增多：血容量减少，使红细胞容量相对性增加

绝对性增多：红细胞增多症（继发性红细胞增多症、真性红细胞增多症）

       红细胞及血红蛋白减少：

           生理性减少：儿童一般高于成人，部分老年人、妊娠中晚期均减少

病理性减少：各种贫血

2、  红细胞形态学检查：

大小异常：小红细胞、大红细胞、巨红细胞、红细胞大小不均

形态异常：球形细胞、椭圆形细胞、口形细胞、靶形细胞、镰形细胞、泪滴形细胞等

染色异常：低色素性、高色素性、嗜多色性

    结构异常：嗜碱性点彩、染色质小体、卡-波环、有核红细胞（各种溶血性贫血、红白血病、髓外造血）

贫血：人体外周血红细胞容量减少，低于正常范围下限的一种常见临床症状

3、  白细胞计数：

参考值：成人4~10*10^9/L；新生儿15~20*10^9/L；6个月~2岁11~12*10^9/L

分类计数参考值：

临床意义：

中性粒细胞增多：急性感染、严重的组织损伤及大量的血细胞破坏、急性大出血、急性中毒、白血病

中性粒细胞减少：感染、血液系统疾病、物理化学因素损伤、单核-吞噬细胞系统亢进、自身免疫性疾病

4、  核左移：周围血中出现不分叶核粒细胞的百分率增高（超过5%）

核右移：周围血中，中性粒细胞核出现5叶或更多叶，百分率超过3%

异性淋巴细胞：外周血中有时可见到1种形态变异的不典型淋巴细胞

5、  网织红细胞：晚幼红细胞脱核后的细胞，胞质内还残存核糖体等嗜碱性物质，煌焦油蓝或新亚甲蓝染色，呈现浅蓝或深蓝色的网织状细胞而得名

临床意义：网织红细胞增多：表示骨髓红细胞系增生旺盛

          网织红细胞减少：表示骨髓造血功能减低

红细胞沉降率：血沉降，红细胞在一定条件下沉降的速率

临床意义：

加快：生理性加快、病理性加快（各种炎症性疾病、组织损伤及坏死、恶性肿瘤、血浆球蛋白相对或绝对增高、其他）

    减慢：严重贫血、球形红细胞增多症等

红细胞比积PCV：(红细胞比容PCT)血细胞在血液中所占容积的比值

临床意义：

    增高：血液浓缩，血细胞比容达0.50以上，测定脱水病人的血细胞比容，计算补液量

    减低：贫血

6、  MCH:平均红细胞容积，每个红细胞的平均体积（fl）

MCV:平均红细胞的血红蛋白量，每个红细胞内所含血红蛋白的平均量（pg）

MCHC:平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度，每升血液中平均所含血红蛋白浓度（g/L）

RDW:红细胞体积分布宽度，反映外周血红细胞体积异质性的参数，通过变异系数定量的表示红细胞体积分数的离散程度

7、  血小板参考值：100~300*10^9/L

8、  血细胞计数仪的优缺点：

  优点：操作方便、便于重复操作、得出结论快

  缺点：在某些特定疾病时，会出现错误，需要人工镜检筛查

9、  尿比密：在4℃条件下尿液与同体积纯水的重量之比

意义：

增高：血容量不足导致肾前性少尿、糖尿病、急性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合症等

降低：大量饮水、慢性肾小球肾炎、慢性肾衰竭、肾小管间质疾病、尿崩症等

尿渗量：尿渗量反映尿中各种溶质微粒的总数目，与溶质分子的相对重量、微粒体积大小无关，因而测定尿渗量可反映肾的浓缩和稀释能力。

  意义：1．尿渗量反映尿中各种溶质微粒的总数目，与溶质分子的相对重量、微粒体积大小无关，因而测定尿渗量可反映肾的浓缩和稀释能力。
2．尿渗量和血浆渗量相比，当尿渗量高于血浆渗透压时，表示尿已浓缩，称为高渗尿；低于血浆渗透压表示已稀释，称为低渗尿；与血浆渗透压相等为等渗尿。尿渗量升高见于糖尿病、脱水、急性肾炎等。尿渗量降低，反映肾小管浓缩功能减退。
10、多尿：>2500ml/24h

意义：暂时性多尿（饮水、利尿剂等）、内分泌疾病（糖尿病、尿崩症）、肾脏疾病

少尿：<400ml/24h或17ml/h

无尿：<100ml/24h

意义：肾前性少尿（血容量减少）、肾性少尿（实质性改变）、肾后性少尿（梗阻，排尿困难）

11、血尿：尿液中含有一定量的红细胞

      意义：多见于泌尿系统炎症、结石、肿瘤、结核、外伤等

蛋白尿：尿蛋白定性实验阳性或者定量试验超过150ml/24h尿时

  意义：生理性蛋白尿、病理性蛋白尿（肾小球性蛋白尿、肾小管性蛋白尿、混合性蛋白尿、溢出性蛋白尿、组织性蛋白尿、假性蛋白尿）

糖尿：尿糖定性实验阳性

  意义：血糖增高性糖尿、血糖正常性糖尿（肾性糖尿）、暂时性糖尿、其他糖尿、假性糖尿

12、管型：

      形成条件：尿中清蛋白、肾小管上皮细胞产生的T-H糖蛋白是构成管型的基础、肾小管仍有浓缩和酸化尿液的功能、仍存在可交替使用的肾单位，处于休息状态的肾单位尿液瘀滞，有足够的时间形成管型

      定义：蛋白质、细胞或碎片在肾小管、集合管中凝固而成的圆柱形蛋白体

      临床分类：透明管型、颗粒管型、细胞管型、蜡样管型、脂肪管型、宽幅管型、细菌管型、结晶管型

13、黄疸的实验鉴别

14、尿干化学检查的主要内容：尿液酸碱度、尿蛋白、尿酮体、尿比重、葡萄糖、尿胆原、胆红素、亚硝酸盐、血红蛋白、白细胞、维生素C

15、尿红细胞形态学特点：双凹圆盘状、淡黄色，  尿畸型红细胞，红细胞呈环形、口形、靶形

16、粪便的异常外观：鲜血便、柏油样便（消化道出血）、白陶土样便（胆管阻塞）、脓性及脓血便（痢疾、溃疡性结肠炎、局限性肠炎、结肠或直肠癌）、米泔样便（重症霍乱、副霍乱）、黏液便（小肠炎症）、稀糊状或水样便（感染性和非感染性腹泻）、细条样便（直肠狭窄）、乳凝块（婴儿消化不良、婴儿腹泻）

17、骨髓：位于骨骼内，人体的造血组织，分为红骨髓和黄骨髓

干细胞：一类具有自我复制功能的多潜能细胞，在一定条件下，可以分化成多种功能细胞

18、骨髓细胞学检查的步骤与内容：

    骨髓穿刺——细胞涂片及染色——低倍镜检查——油镜检查

骨髓涂片的低倍镜观察（了解涂片取材，染色是否满意、判断增生程度、观察巨核细胞、观察涂片边缘或片尾有无体积较大或异常病理细胞）

骨髓涂片的油镜观察（骨髓有核细胞的分类计数、观察各系统细胞的形态、有无血液寄生虫和其他病理异常细胞）

血片的观察（对血片进行白细胞分类计数及血细胞形态的观察）

总结分析（骨髓象特征、血象特征、特殊检查、诊断意见及建议）

19、骨髓穿刺的部位与量：髂前上棘、髂后上棘、胸骨、腰椎棘突，一般不超过0.2ml

20、血型：血液各种成分以抗原为表现形式的遗传多态性标志

正定型：用已知标准血清鉴定未知红细胞上的抗原

反定型：用已知标准红细胞鉴定被鉴定被检血清所含抗体

Rh血型：既往认为具有与恒河猴红细胞相同抗原人的红细胞

交叉配血：配血实验是检查供、受者血中是否含有不相合的抗原和抗体成分，将供者红细胞与受者血清的反应称主侧，供者血清与受者红细胞的反应称次侧，和称~

21、脑脊液：循环于脑室和蛛网膜下腔的无色透明液体，主要由脑室脉络丛细胞主动分泌和超滤形成，经蛛网膜绒毛及脊神经根周围间隙吸收入静脉

实验室鉴别：

22、渗出液、漏出液实验室鉴别：

23、阴道清洁度：利用显微镜对阴道分泌物湿片和染色涂片检查，观察其清洁度和有无特殊细菌及细胞等，确认阴道清洁度，判断阴道有无炎症，还可进一步诊断验证原因

24、精液检查的目的：寻找男性不育的原因、为男性生殖系统的炎症，结核，肿瘤等诊断提供依据、输精管结扎术后效果观察、法医学鉴定、婚前检查、人工受精及精子库筛选优质精子

肝功能检查的主要指标和参考值：谷丙转氨酶（ALT） 0~40；谷草转氨酶（AST） 0~37；谷草/谷丙（AST/ALT） 0.80~1.5；谷氨酰转移酶（GGT） 7~32；碱性磷酸酶（ALP） 53~128；总胆红素（TBILI） 5.1~19.0；直接胆红素（DBILI） 0.0~5.1；间接胆红素（IBILI） 5.0~12.0；总蛋白（TP） 60~80；白蛋白（ALB） 35~55；球蛋白（GLB） 15.0~35.0；白球比（ALB/GLB） 1.20~2.00 ；葡萄糖（GLU） 3.89~6.11；尿素氮（BUN） 1.7~8.3；肌酐（CRE） 53~108；乳酸脱氢酶（LDH-L） 109~245；肌酸激酶（CK） 24.0~195.0；总胆固醇（CHOL） 3.35~6.45；甘油三酯（TRIG） 0.48~1.17尿酸（UA） 202~416

25、乙型肝炎血清标志物检查的内容与临床意义：

    HBsAg、抗HBs 、HBeAg、抗 HBe、抗 HBc。以上即为乙肝的" 二对半"，正常均阴性。

下列各种 "组合 "的阳性，其意义如下：

①HBsAg、 HBeAg、抗 HBc（1 、3、 5项）阳性：急性或慢性乙肝。俗称 "大三阳" 。

② HBsAg、抗HBe 、抗HBc（ 1、 4、5 项）阳性：急性乙肝趋向恢复、无症状HBV（乙肝病毒）携带者。俗称 "小三阳 "。

③ HBsAg、抗 HBc（ 1、5 项）阳性：无症状HBV（乙肝病毒）携带、急性 HBV感染。

④抗 HBs、抗HBe 、抗HBc（ 2、 4、5 项）阳性：表示感染后恢复，已获得免疫力。

⑤ 抗HBe、抗 HBc（ 4、5 项）阳性：有既往感染史、急性HBV感染恢复期。

⑥抗 HBs（ 2项）阳性：被动或主动免疫，对HBV （乙肝病毒）有免疫力。

⑦ 抗HBc阳性（ 5项）：急性 HBV（乙肝病毒）感染核心窗口期（尚未发病但可传染）。

第二篇：20xx山东省实验中学高三第三次诊断性测试(英语)

绝密★启用前

山东省实验中学高三第三次诊断性测试

第一节：语法和词汇（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

21. The growing interest in ____ history is clearly evident in ____ number of people visiting museums and country houses. A. 不填；不填 A. that

B. 不填；the B. it

C. the; the C. ones

D. the; 不填 D. those

22. Salaries are much higher here than ______ in my city. 23. --- He is fifteen years older than you.

--- _______ Love has nothing to do with age. A. What for? A. ordinary A. which

B. How about it? C. So what? B. offensive B. where

C. exceptional C. whose

D. How come? D. appropriate D. when

D. had been completed D. would D. where

24. It began as just an _______ Monday, but soon became a day I would never forget.

25. Willie has complained to the sales manager about the PC he bought _____ screen exploded for no reason. 26. Their work ______, all the experts went out for relaxation. A. to complete A. should A. that

B. completing B. must B. what

C. completed C. may C. which

27. I find it astonishing that she _____ treat you like this in public.

28. Please remember _____ wins you respect is not your background but your knowledge and virtues. 29. --- Do you know that man?

--- Not really, just a nodding _______. A. acquaintance

B. participant B. smokes

C. relation

D. frequent D. smoked

30. Mr. Keller ______ forty cigarettes a day until he gave it up. A. had smoked

C. have smoked B. was the man injured D. is the man injured C. explored

D. expanded

31. So serious ________ that even the best doctors failed to save his life. A. the man was injured C. the man is injured A. extended

32. The small fishing village has ______ into a modern city in thirty years.

B. existed

33. --- How can you be late for such an important conference? --- Sorry! But my flight was ______ by fog. A. taken over A. even A. weren’t

B. held up B. when B. isn’t

C. turned down C. unless

D. handed out D. once D. hadn’t been

34. The student will be suspended from school _____ he apologizes to his desk-mate before the class. 35. If English ______ included in the examinations, few students would choose it.

C. hasn’t been

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

Two men, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. man was allowed

to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon. His bed was next to the room's only . The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back.

They talked for hours pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The other man felt his world would be and enlivened by all the wonderful world outside.

The window overlooked a with a lovely lake. Ducks played on the water while children their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm in flowers. A fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the

As the man by the window described all this in delicate the picturesque scene. One warm afternoon the man by the window described a parade . the other man couldn't hear the band, he could see it in his mind's eye as the gentleman by the window pictured it with words. Days and weeks passed.

One morning, the nurse arrived, to find the lifeless body of the man by the window, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and had the body taken away.

The other man asked to be next to the window. Painfully, he sat up to take his first look at the world outside. He slowly turn to look out the window. It faced a blank wall.

The man asked the nurse what could have his roommate to describe such wonderful things outside. The nurse that the man was blind. "Perhaps he just wanted to you." Shared grief is half the sorrow, happiness when shared, is doubled. 36. A. The one 37. A. entrance 38. A. on end 39. A. would 40. A. shortened 42. A. flew 43. A. distance 44. A. effect 45. A. expose 47. A. Because

B. One B. exit B. in vain B. should B. market B. way

C. Another C. passage C. at ease C. might C. wood C. sailed C. process C. detail C. realize C. Once

C. This D. window D. after all D. could D. sharpened D. park D. swapped D. course D. relief D. spot D. passing out D. Although D. tentative D. only D. organized D. Occasionally

B. deepened B. designed B. particular B. imagine B. passing by B. As

B. productive B. surprisingly B. offered B. Finally

C. broadened

41. A. courtyard

46. A. passing away 48. A. descriptive 49. A. strangely 50. A. substituted 51. A. Willingly

C. passing down C. sensitive C. sceptically C. switched C. Generously

52. A. sacrificed

53. A. responded

54. A. recover

55. A. or B. referred B. respected B. defend B. but C. motivated C. requested C. observe C. so D. intended D. resisted D. encourage D. and

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）

A

A university math tutor has discovered the science behind “singledom”, finding that our chances of finding the perfect partner are just 1 in 285,000. Peter Backus, a tutor at the University of Warwick, published his “Why I Don’t Have a Girlfriend” paper after a three-year love drought.

His unconventional study uses a famous math formula called The Drake Equation(德雷克等式), which was first used to estimate the existence of extra-terrestrial(地球以外) life.

The results don't look promising for British singles. 30-year-old Mr. Backus found that out of the 30 million women in the UK, only 26 would be suitable girlfriends for him.

The dull equation takes into account the number of women aged 24 to 34, living in his home city of London, and who are single, meaning his chances of meeting his dream woman on a night out are slim.

The economics expert said: “There are 26 women in London with whom I might have a wonderful relationship. So, on a given night out in London there is a 0.0000034% chance of meeting one of these special people. That’s a 1 in 285,000 chance, so it’s not great.”

The puzzling Drake equation reads: N = R* x Fp x Ne x Fi x Fc x L, and helped pioneering scientist Professor Drake to predict that there could be 10,000 civilizations in our galaxy.

Mr. Backus simply replaced the original equation with his own criteria for a dream date, which included the percentage of women likely to find him attractive, and the number of girls aged 24-34 in London. He said: “The fault!”

56. Mr. Backus’ discovery in this passage is mainly concerned about ______.

A. whether there exists life out of our planet B. the possibility of his being able to find love

C. how to get rid of singledom D. what math can do to serve our daily life 57. What does Mr. Backus think of the result of his research?

A. Optimistic. B. Depressing. C. Unrealistic. D. Exciting.

58. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A. Mr. Backus’ major research field is “singledom”.

B. Mr. Backus found a girlfriend three years ago.

C. Mr. Backus’ new thesis will surely be well received.

D. Mr. Backus has been searching for love for long.

59. By “the good news for singles” in the last sentence, Mr. Backus probably mean _____.

A. you don’t have to blame yourself for remaining singleB. maybe the discovery is not reliable at all C. the result was based on his own criteria D. there might be more dream date out of London 60. Which of the following statements is true?

A. This passage could be published in a scientific magazine.

B. The passage intends to prove there are other civilizations.

C. The passage writer doesn’t really understand the Drake equation.

D. Most women in London are not suitable for university teachers.

B

The year was 1985. Ronald Reagan was president. Mikhail Gorbachev became leader of the USSR. Back to the Futureat the box office. “Born in the USA” was climbing the charts. Philanthropy(慈善业) and pop culture combined with LiveAid and “We Are the World.” And “.com”, which few people outside of the military or universities knew, came into this world.

Looking back, few could have predicted “.com” would become one of the biggest cultural touchstones of the century. In March 1985, the Information Sciences Institute at the University of Southern California assigned the first .com domain address to symbolics.com. That seemingly nominal（象征性的） event set into motion forces that would change our world forever.

.com wasn’t the birth of the Internet, but it was the budding computer network’s coming-out party. It made it pretty and inviting. It did away with the need to have complex “maps” that were the equivalent of writing a phone number on your hand, and opened it up for a mainstream audience.

After 1985, all it takes is a simple .com name to get into business. “.com” became part of our daily lexicon and drove its own economic boom and depression. It helped create a whole new family of industries, facilitated global commerce and connected people around the world in ways never before possible.

It’s now 2010. Barack Obama is president, thanks in part to his smart use of the Internet. There is no USSR. A computer-generated Avatar has set new box office records. “TiK ToK” tops the charts. We’re sending robots to find water on Mars. And that once-obscure computer communications system is one of our civilization’s most prominent features.

61. This passage was written to mark _____.

A. the change of American presidency B. the development of entertainment

C. the 25th anniversary of .com D. the anniversary of the internet

62. What does the underlined word “boffo” probably mean?

A. Successful. B. Changeable. C. Tough. D. Novel.

63. Which of the following can be the main contribution of “.com”?

A. It gave birth to the Internet.

B. It combined politics, entertainment and space science.

C. It made the Internet accessible to ordinary people.

D. It helped produce more domain addresses.

64. We can infer that before 1985, getting on-line was _____.

A. impossible B. complex C. expensive D. popular

65. The first and last paragraphs were intended to _______.

A. make comparison B. provide details C. list arguments D. stimulate readers’ interest

C

The World Trade Organization came into existence in the 1990s. It operates a system of trade rules. It serves as a place for nations to settle disagreements and negotiate agreements to reduce trade barriers. The newest of its 150

members, Vietnam, joined in January.

But the roots of the W.T.O. date back to World War Two and the years that followed. In 1944, the International Monetary(货币的) Conference agreed to create the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. But they could not agree on an organization to deal with international trade.

Three years later, in 1947, twenty-three nations approved the General Agreement on Tariffs (关税)and Trade, or GArounds. The first round lowered import taxes on one-fifth of world trade. Later rounds produced additional cuts, and negotiators added more issues.

The sixth round began in 1963. It was called the Kennedy Round after the murder of President John F. Kennedy. The results included an agreement against trade dumping. This is when one country sells a product in another country at an unfairly low price.

The eighth round of talks began in Punta del Este, Uruguay, in 1986. The Uruguay Round lasted almost twice as long as planned. In all, 123 nations took part in seven-and-a-half years of work. They set time limits for future negotiations. They also agreed to create a permanent system to settle trade disagreements.

In April of 1994, most of those 123 nations signed an agreement. It replaced GATT with the World Trade Organization.

The W.T.O. launched a new round on development issues in Doha, Qatar, in November of 2001. These talks were supposed to end by January of 2005. But negotiators could not agree on issues involving agricultural protections. The current round has been suspended since last July.

66. The WTO got this name in the year _____.

A. 1947 B. 1963 C. 1986 D. 1994

67. Which of the following statements about GATT is NOT true?

A. It was set up after World War II. B. It was first approved by less than 30 countries.

C. It was a branch of the World Bank. D. It was meant to improve international trade.

68. What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean?

A. The founders wanted GATT to bring in money.

B. The founders didn’t expect GATT to last long.

C. GATT was ready to change its name at the very beginning.

D. GATT was open for more member countries.

69. What is one of the results of the Uruguay Round?

A. A permanent system was agreed on. B. It lasted almost eight years.

C. More countries took part in it. D. More disagreements than expected were settled.

70. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. Why the WTO was Called GATT? B. WTO Talk Rounds Last Longer

C. A Brief Introduction to the WTO D. GATT or WTO? A Real Question

D

The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The term is most commonly used to refer to those eight schools considered as a group. The term is also connected with academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism(精英主义).

The term became official, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954, when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams. “IV” was used because originally the league consisted only of four members. The use of the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to the nation's oldest schools. In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and worldwide. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Yale University.

All of the Ivy League's institutions place near the top in the U.S. News & World Report college and university rankings and rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment(捐助). Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period; the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies are all in the Northeast geographic region of the United States. All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government.

Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000, making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college and smaller than a typical public state university. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Brown's $2.01 billion to Harvard's $26 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic institution in the world.

71. From the passage, we know the word “Ivy” in “the Ivy League” was first chosen to refer to _______.

A. a plant B. a number C. a sport D. a spirit

72. What is special about Cornell University in the League?

A. It is the oldest one. B. It was founded by colonists.

C. It has the smallest endowment. D. It is the youngest one.

73. Which meaning can the term “the Ivy League” convey today?

A. The largest enrollment. B. The strongest government support.

C. The most expensive schools. D. First-class education.

74. Which of the following statements is true?

A. There is no longer sports competition in the Ivy League.

B. Seven colleges were set up before the USA was founded.

C. Brown University has the smallest number of students.

D. Typical public state universities are larger than the Ivies. 75. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. The ABC of “The Ivy League” B. Best Universities in the USA

C. The Financial Income of American Universities

D. How to Apply to an Ivy League University

第II卷 （非选择题， 共45分）

注意事项：

1. 第II卷共2页，用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上； 2. 答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

第四部分：书面表达（共两节，满分45分）

第一节：阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分, 共15分） 阅读下面短文, 请根据短文后的要求进行答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）

[1]World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated annually by consumer organizations

worldwide. It commemorates the historic declaration on March 15, 1962 by John F. Kennedy, the former U.S. President, of the basic Rights of consumers, which include: "the right to safety", "the right to be informed", "the right to choose", and "the right to be heard". World Consumer Rights Day was first observed on March 15，1983 and has since become an important occasion for mobilizing citizen action, with recognition of consumer rights taking off around the world. On April 9，1985, the United Nations Assembly General Assembly adopted the UN Guidelines for Consumer Protection that provide a framework for strengthening national consumer protection policies around the world.

[3]The guidelines included Kennedy's four basic consumer rights plus another four: the right to satisfaction of basic needs; the right to redress(赔偿); the right to education; and the right to a healthy environment. Currently, the fundamental consumer rights are recognized globally.

[4]World Consumer Rights Day normally has a theme associated with an activity or development that is relevant to consumers. Whatever their objectives, they share the same underlying aim of bringing about important and needed benefits for consumers.

[5]In recent years, progress has been made for recognition and protection of consumer rights in developing countries. At least, March 15 is a day when consumers are filled with pride and satisfaction. However, there are many reports on violation of consumer rights by unethical marketing practices.

76. What is the main idea of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

_______________________________________________________________________________

77. What was John F. Kennedy mentioned in the first paragraph? (Please answer within 15 words.)

_______________________________________________________________________________

78. Which of the sentence in the passage can be replaced by the given one?

Presently, countries around the world acknowledge the basic consumer rights.

______________________________________________________________________________

79. Please translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

80. What do you think will follow the passage? (Please answer within 20 words.)

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

第二节：写作（满分30分）

近几年，某些旅行社组织中学生在寒暑假期间赴著名大学旅游，人们对此褒贬不一。请用英语写一篇论说文，

1. 介绍问题； 2.讨论利弊；3.表明自己的观点。

字数：120-150。

参考词汇：旅行社 travel agency 校园 campus

第I卷 (105分)

21-25 BDCAC 26-30 CABAD 31-35 BDBCA

36-40 BDAAC 41-45 DCACB 46-50 BDADC 51-55 BCADB

56-60 BBDAC 61-65 CACBA 66-70 DCBAC 71-75 BDDDA

（1－20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分；21－55小题，每小题1分，共35分；56－75小题，每小题2分；共40分；合计105分）

第II卷 (45分)

第一节：阅读表达（每小题3分，合计15分）

76. A brief introduction to the World Consumer Rights Day.

评分建议：答案应该包含关键词：the World Consumer Rights Day。单词拼写无误。

77. To introduce his contribution to this day. / Because it was Kennedy who first put forward the idea.

评分建议：答案需与上述两种方向的参考答案之一保持基本一致。无拼写、语法错误，即可得分。

78. Currently, the fundamental consumer rights are recognized globally.

评分建议：能准确找出上述句子。字体清楚，有抄写错误要酌情扣分。

79. 该宣言获得了各国政府及联合国的广泛认可，即：所有公民，不论收入及社会地位的高低，均享有一定的消费者权利。

评分建议：忠于原句，语句通顺，无语言错误，方可得3分。

80. Some examples of violation of consumer rights by unethical marketing practices.

评分建议：答案应能体现出从文章最后一句获得提示的能力和意识。有语言表达错误，或总体超过字数限制酌情扣分。

特别说明：1. 卷面涂抹（包括乱涂乱画）严重，总分扣2分；

2. 异色笔、铅笔答题，一律判0分。

第二节：写 作

One possible version：

In recent years, there exists a clear trend for various tourism agencies to organize high school students to visit campuses of famous universities around the country during their summer and winter holidays. People’s opinion vary a lot over this issue.

On the one hand, many people, including some students concerned, hold the opinion that university tours provide them with precious opportunities to see and experience university life. And hopefully, this experience might inspire them to work harder to fulfill their dreams.

On the other hand, some other people firmly advocate that it is no use just walking around a university. This kind of understanding is only skin-deep and it can be nothing but a waste of money and time.

In my opinion, since tourism will inevitably affect the normal life of the university students who stay on campus to study during the holidays, such tours make little sense to me. (150 words)