形容词和副词的用法归纳

1、形容词、副词的作用与位置

（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high

（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。

（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：

I have something important to tell you.

（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。

（6）副词作定语，定语后置。如：

The person there is waiting for you.

（7）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,

the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paintings

（8）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。

①下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。

②表愿意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：

deep深         wide宽广        high高        low位置低

deeply深入地   widely广泛地    highly高度地  lowly地位卑微

③有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：

dead完全，绝对be dead asleep     

deadly非常be deadly tired  

pretty相当be pretty certain that…      

prettily漂亮地be prettily dressed

close近Don’t sit close.        

closely密切地Watch closely!

late晚、迟arrive late, come late

lately最近I haven’t seen him lately(recently).

2、复合形容词的构成

（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed

kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的

(2)形容词 + 形容词

red-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的

（3）形容词 + 现在分词

good-looking好看的，easy-going随和的

（4）副词 + 现在分词

hard-working勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的

（5）副词 + 过去分词

hard-won得来不易的，newly-made新建的

（6）名词 + 形容词

life-long终生的，world-famous世界闻名的

（7）名词 + 现在分词

peace-loving爱好和平的，fun-loving爱开玩笑的

（8）名词 + 过去分词

snow-covered白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的

（9）数词 + 名词 + ed

four-storeed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的

（10）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）

ten-year 10年的,two-man两人的

3、形容词和副词的比较等级

（1）原级的构成和用法。

构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。

用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as) high as that one.

Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

This room is three times as large as that one.

（2）比较级的用法。

①对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

②表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如：

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。如：

He works even harder than before.

注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“…一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：

She is better than she was yesterday

Please come earlier tomorrow.

另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越……越……”）。如：

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：

The weather is getting colder and colder.

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于……）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在……之前）等。

He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

⑦倍数表达法。

（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。

（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

     Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

    Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

    用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

 (3)最高级的用法。

①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

He works (the) hardest in his class.

②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如：

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

How much did the second most expensive hat cost?

③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：

He is the tallest (boy) in his class.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：

Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
 (4)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：

He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)

The film is most interesting. (most=very)

③表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。如：

who is the older of the tow boys?

④在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中。

⑤在same前一般要加the。

⑥有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。

（5）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。

as much as + 不可数名词数量。

Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.

She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.

②as many as + 可数名词数量  多达

I have as a many as sixteen referrence books.

③as early as早在

As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.

④as far as远到；就……而知（论）

We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.

As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before.

⑤may (might, could)as well不妨、不如

Then you might as well stay with us here.

⑥as … as can be到了最……的程度，极其

They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。

⑦as … as one can

He began to run, as fast as he could.

⑧as … as possible

Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.

 (6)几组重要的词语辨析。

①very 和much的区别。

（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。

 (B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused by Jack’s attitude。

(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exciting。

（D）too前用much或far,不用very。You are much / far / a lot too nice.另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。

   There’s far too little opportunity for adventure these days.

    We’ve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.

（E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：

   （a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong (mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等

（b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：

   quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。

(c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：

    be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。

②so … that … 与such … that … 的区别。

so +  形容词 / 副词 +  that …

so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that …

so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …

such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.

第二篇：形容词和副词的用法总结

形容词和副词的用法总结

与形容词和副词有关的构词法：

（1） 把名词或动词变为形容词：

n. + y ---adj: sun—sunny rain—rainy cloud---cloudy

wind—windy snow—snowy fog—foggy

luck—lucky health—healthy noise—noisy

n. / v+ able—adj: reason---reasonable enjoy—enjoyable

fashion—fashionable eat---eatable

n. / v. + ful--- adj: care—careful thank—thankful

forget—forgetful

use—useful peace—peaceful hand—handful 名词/国家名+ish: Spain—Spanish child—childish

（2） 把形容词变为其反义词：

在形容词前加un--: happy—unhappy healthy—unhealthy

lucky—unlucky

在形容词前加im/in/il-- : possible—impossible moral—immoral

finite—infinite

relevant--irrelevant

在名词后加--less: care --careless use—useless tree--treeless

（3） 把形容词变为副词：(在形容词后加--ly)

quick—quickly slow—slowly wide—widely

true—truly careful—carefully clear—clearly

***也有名词加-ly变为形容词的：love—lovely friend—friendly

live—lively dead—deadly

形容词的用法：(1)在句子中可以作定语修饰名词

Traveling by ship is the most comfortable way.

I want to watch that exciting football match.

(2)在句子中可以作表语，放在联系动词的后面：

This piece of music sounds beautiful.

My mother looks happy today.

Our school is big and nice.

副词的用法：（1）在句子中多作状语，可以修饰动词。

Jack is going to get up early.

Please speak loudly. I can’t listen to you clearly.

（2）在句子中可以修饰形容词和副词。

He can runs very fast.

The park is quite beautiful and I like it.

（3）在句子中可以表示频率，时间，程度。

My father usually goes to work by taxi.

Our final exams will come soon, so we must work hard at our lessons. 形容词变为副词的基本规则:

1. 一般情况下由形容词直接加- ly 构成副词,比如:

slow- slowly sad- sadly

2. 以辅音加上发/ i / 音的y结尾的词,

把y变为 i 再加-ly, 比如:

easy- easily busy- busily

happy- happily angry- angrily

3. 以e结尾的形容词有时要去e加--ly，有时不去e加—ly.

possible—possibly true—truly

wide--widely

4. 有些词同时既是形容词又是副词,比如:

fast high hard

5. 有些词虽然是以- ly 结尾但不是副词而是形容词,比如:

friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的

brotherly 兄弟般的 deadly 致命的

形容词和副词比较级与最高级的用法：

表示两者之间的比较用比较级，表示三者或三者以上的比较用最高级：

1. 一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est, small --- smaller --- smallest

2. 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 –r或 –st, large --- largest --- largest

3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词,把―y‖变―i‖, 再加–er或-est. busy--busier—busiest

4. 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母, 再加-er或-est。

5. 一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most， dangerous --- more dangerous--- most dangerous

与形容词与副词有关的谚语：

? A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.

一本好书，相伴一生。

A miss is as good as a mile.

失之毫厘，差之千里。

? Easier said than done.

说得容易，做得难。

? A friend is easier lost than found.

得朋友难，失朋友易。