英语语法总汇形容词的用法

时间:2024.4.30

英语语法总汇形容词的用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

一. 形容词的用法

性质形容词

1.品质形容词

品质形容词是直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。它有级的变化,可以用程度副词来修饰。在句中作定语,表语和补语。形容词中大多数属于这类形容词。 如: frightened (受惊吓的) foolish(愚蠢的) clever(聪明的) The naughty boy did a foolish thing. (作定语)

The boy is naughty. (作表语)

His mother tried her best to make him clever. (作补语)

2.类属形容词

表属于哪一类的形容词。

如: He is a foreign visitor.

That’s our dairy work.

3.颜色形容词

表示颜色的形容词。

4.强调形容词

起强调作用的形容词。

如:He is a complete stranger to us.

He is a total failure.

He is a perfect fool.

It was pure luck that he wasn’t hit by the car. .

5.Cing 形容词

Cing 形容词是动词加ing形式转化而来的形容词。

如:He was an amusing man.

What he told me was surprising.

These flowers are pleasing.

The end of this film was very satisfying.

6. Ced 形容词

?Ced 形容词是过去分词转化而来的形容词,与?Cing形容词意思不同,一般有被动意义,

多数为品质形容词。

如: I’m interested in English.

We are worried about this.

She gave a satisfied smile.

有些?Ced 形容词是类属形容词,也由动词变化而来,但不用于比较级。 如: All these are required subjects.

She is a trained nurse.

Everyone in our neighborhood is worried, and everyone has his or her own. 也有少数?Ced 形容词不具有被动意思:

如: fallen leaves a retired worker These days are gone.

7.合成形容词

合成形容词有十种:

1)five-year-old, 结构是:数词+名词单数+连字符+形容词

2)kind-hearted 结构是:形容词+连字符+过去分词

3)peace-loving 结构是:名词+连字符+现在分词

4)well-known结构是:副词+连字符+过去分词

5)three-legged 结构是:数词+连字符+名词+ed

6)two-month结构是:数词+连字符+单数名词

7)full-time结构是:形容词+连字符+名词

8)good-looking 结构是:形容词+连字符+现在分词

9)water-covered 结构是:名词+连字符+过去分词

10)cat-like 结构是:名词+连字符+介词

8.还有一类形容词是说明事物间的关系或事物的用途,时间,方位的,这类形容词没有级的变化,也不能用程度副词修饰。

如:Chinese southeast

9.有些形容词和冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,此时相当于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。

表示一类人时看作复数,表示一类事物时,看作单数。

如:Robin Hood hated the rich and loved the poor.

叙述形容词

叙述形容词只能作表语,又称表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰,大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。


第二篇:英语语法复习 名词 形容词比较等级的用法


语法专项I

I. 名词:在我们身边存在着形形色色的人和事物,它们都有自己的称呼,我们用来称呼它们的词就是名词,概括来说表示人、事物、地方、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。

一. 名词的种类:名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,普通名词又分为个体名词和集体名词,物质名词和抽象名词。

1. 专有名词:专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名词,它的第一个字母必须大写,专有名词前一般不加冠词。

A. 表示人名:Li Bai,Mr Black,Doctor Zhang

B. 表示地名:China,London,Zhong Guan Cun Street.

C. 由普通名词构成的专有名词:the Spring Festival, the Palace Museum.

2. 普通名词:普通名词指一类人或东西或一个抽象的名标,它可以进一步分为个体名词、集合名词、物质名词和抽象名词四类。

A. 个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体:student,teacher,car.

B. 集合名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体;family,police,people.

C. 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象的概念:music,love

D. 物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质或实物:water,tea,air

二. 名词的数:表示可以计算数目的人或物称为可数名词,表示一个用单数,两个以上用复数,可数名词单数前面一般要用不定冠词a / an,可数名词复数是在单数名词后面加“s”或“es”。可数名词复数前不能用不定冠词a / an。

1. 单数可数名词,表示“一”的概念,要用名词的单数形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。

eg:a book, a tree, a shark

an octopus,an apple,an egg

2. 复数可数名词:在英语中,如果要表示“二、三、四,??”概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。

A. 名词复数的规则变化。

a. 在一般情况下,词尾后加-s。

books,cups,beds,boys,horses

b. 以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,词尾加-es,读|iz|

buses,boxes,dishes,watches

c. 以f或fe结尾的词,先将f或fe变成v,再加-es,读|vz|

half—halves,knife—knives

d. 以o结尾的词,词尾加-es或-s。

zoos,photos,radios,tomatoes,potatoes

e. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先将y改为i再加-es。

cities,families,babies

B. 名词复数的不规则变化。

man—men,tooth—teeth,child—children,sheep—sheep

C. 有些名词只有复数形式

clothes,trousers,pants,glasses

3. 不可数名词表示量的概念时,在这些词前加上数量词。

eg:a cup of coffee,a piece of paper,three slices of bread

II. 不定代词,我们所学的不定代词有all,both,each,every,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,either,neither,other,another,no,none以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

一. some,any及其合成词的用法。

1. 基本用法

some,any可与单、复数和不可数名词连用。

some用于肯定句中,而不能用于疑问句中,any一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。 eg:I have some interesting books.

There is some yogurt in the bottle.

I don’t have any money.

Were there any sharks in the aquarium?

2. 特殊用法

在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。

eg:Would you like some more tea?

二. all,both的用法

1. all代表或修饰四个以上的人或事物,或不可数的东西。

eg:We all like eat potato chips.

All the students in our class went to the zoo.

2. both是指“两者都??”

eg:The twins both have long hair.

There are many trees on both sides of the street.

三. many,much,(a lot),a few,few,a little,little。这些词都可以表示数量,并且都可以修饰名词。

1. many,a lot,a few,few修饰可数名词;much,a lot,a little,little修饰不可数名词。

2. many,much,a lot,a few,a little表示肯定的意思:few,little表示否定的意思。 eg:How much relish do we need?

There are a few minutes left, aren’t there?

There is a little time left, is there?

III. 形容词的比较等级:英语中的形容词,在表示“比较——”和“最——”这样的概念时,要用特别的形式,称为比较级和最高级。

原级

young(年轻)

一. 变化形式如下:

1. 规则变化

构成法

一般单音节词和部

分双音节词在词尾

加-er[?](比较级)

和-est[ist](最高

级)

以不发音的e结尾的

单音节词和少数以

le结尾的双音节词

只在词尾加-r(比较

级)和-st(最高级)

“辅音字母+y”结尾

的双音节词,将词尾

的y改为i,再加-er

和-est

重读闭音节词,只有

一个辅音字母结尾

时,要双写该辅音字

母,再加-er,-est

部分双音节词和多

音节词,在该词前面

比较级 最高级 younger(比较年轻) youngest(最年轻) 原级 比较级 最高级 tall高的(adj.) teller the tallest great巨大的(adj.) greater the greatest fast快(adj.& adv.) faster (the)fastest near附近的(adj. & adv.) nearer (the)nearest nice好的(adj.) nicer the nicest large大的(adj.) larger the largest able有能力的(adj.) abler the ablest late晚,晚的(adj. & adv.) later (the)latest easy容易的(adj.) easier the easiest busy忙的(adj.) busier the busiest early早(adj. & adv.) earlier (the)earliest big大的(adj.) bigger the biggest hot热的(adj.) hotter the hottest thin细的,瘦的(adj.) thinner the thinnest important重要的(adj.) more the most important beautiful漂亮的(adj.) important the most beautiful slowly慢(adv.) more beautiful (the) most slowly

加more和the most quickly快(adv.) 构成比较级和最高级

2. 不规则变化

原级

good好的(adj.) well健康的(adj.) 好(adv.)

more slowly (the) most quickly more quickly

最高级

(the) best[best]最好的(地)

better[’bet?]较好的(地)

bad坏的(adj.) ill有病的(adj.)

(the) worst[w?:st]最坏(地)

badly坏(adv.)

worse[w?:s]更坏(地)

最糟(地)

many多(adj. & adv.) 更差(地) much多(adj. & adv.)

(the) most[m?ust]最多的(地)

more[m?:]更多的,更加

far远(adj. & adv.)

farther[’fa:?]较远

little少(adj. & adv.)

old老的(adj.)

further[’f?:?]进一步

(the) farthest[’fa:ist]最远的(地) (the) furthest[’f?

英语语法复习名词形容词比较等级的用法

:

ist]最深远的

比较级

late迟的,晚的(adj.) less[les]较少的(地)

older[’?uld?]较老的 elder[’eld?]年长的 later较迟的,较近的 latter[’l

t?]后者

(地)

(the) least[li:st]最少的(地) the oldest[’?uldist]最老的 the eldest[’eldist]最年长的 the latest(时间上)最近的 the last(顺序)最后的

比较:

elder和eldest主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,如:elder sister姐姐。 older和oldest则用于表示年龄大小。

They are in the same age, but Li looks much older than Ma. 他们两个在年龄上一般大,但看起来李比马老的多。

二. 形容词比较等级的用法。

形容词比较等级通常分为原形,比较级和最高级三种基本形式,具体而言,它们分别以下列形式出现在句中:

(1)as +原形+ as 表示“??和??相同”。

(2)比较级+ than 表示“??比??较为??”。

(3)the +最高级+ of / in 表示“在??中最为??”。

eg:My dog is as old as that one.

The jacket is as cheap as that old one.

Is he as busy as before?

Mary is funnier than Jane.

His brother is younger than me.

Tom is the happiest of us all.

Spring is the best season of the year.

三. 需要注意的一些问题。

1. 在形容词比较级前还可以用much,even,far,a lot,still,a little来修饰,表示“??的多”,“甚至??”,“仍然,还??”,“更??”,以加强语气。

eg:Our city is much more beautiful than yours.

Japan is a little larger than Germany.

2. 表示“大几岁”,“高??”等,句型用“表示数量的词+形容词比较级。” eg:I’m two years older than you.

She is a head taller than me.

3. 表示“越来越??”,句型用“比较级+ and +比较级”。

eg:China is more and more beautiful.

The earth is getting warmer and warmer.

4. 表示“是最??之一”句型用“one of the +形容词最高级”。

eg:Beijing is one of the busiest cities in China.

One of the most important languages is English.

【模拟试题】(答题时间:80分钟)

一. 可数名词用a / an,不可数名词用some填空。

举例:chair?a chair

(1)book (2)tree (3)fruit

(4)paper (5)work (6)bread

(7)cheese (8)news (9)information

(10)music (11)petrol (12)air

(13)water (14)meat (15)newspaper

(16)egg (19)job (22)money (25)island (28)window (17)hour (18)problem (20)tomato (21)soup (23)fish(鱼肉) (24)sheep (26)airport (27)office (29)bank

二. 写出下列名词的复数形式 举例:child?children (1)noodle (2)tooth (4)foot (5)mouse (7)photo (8)family (10)knife (11)woman (13)bed (14)grade (16)box (17)shelf (19)sheep (20)deer (22)hero (23)hamburger (25)trousers (26)shoe (28)half (29)church (31)boot (32)sweater (34)shirt (35)necklace (37)umbrella (38)watch (40)city (41)monkey

三. 选词填空,完成下面的对话。

英语语法复习名词形容词比较等级的用法

(3)man-doctor (6)potato (9)wolf (12)policeman (15)class (18)fish (21)tomato (24)clothes (27)wife (30)jacket (33)blouse (36)dress (39)purse (42)boy

Ben:Now, have we got(1)_______________ we need? Sam:Well, let’s see. There are (2)__________ onions and potatoes, but there aren’t (3)____________ mushrooms and, of course, there isn’t (4)____________ minced beef. Ben:Are there (5)_____________ carrots?

Sam:(6)___________. But we don’t need(7)__________, so that’s OK. Ben:How(8)_________ milk is there? Sam:Only(9)___________. And there isn’t(10)__________ butter, and we haven’t got(11)___________ cheese.

Ben:Well, we don’t need much cheese. Is there(12)__________ else?

Sam:No, not for Shepherd’s Pie. We’ve got(13)_______ salt and pepper, and there’s(14)________ flour. Would you like me to help with the shopping? Ben:Yes, please.

四. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 举例:good?better?best (1)bad (2)clean (3)dirty (4)big (5)small (6)ill (7)little (8)hard (9)happy (10)far (11)well (12)slow (13)easy (14)new (15)young (16)rude (17)quiet (18)dry (19)cheap (20)ugly (21)busy (22)old (23)noisy (24)hot (25)cold (26)fast (27)many (28)wet (29)early (30)bright (31)boring (32)careful (33)quietly (34)expensive (35)difficult (36)interesting (37)beautiful

五. 观察下列表格,并回答问题。

This table shows the price per pound of five vegetables throughout the different seasons of the year. Find the information from the table and write your answer in the brackets.

英语语法复习名词形容词比较等级的用法

(1)In which season are carrots more expensive than cabbages? (2)Which is the most expensive vegetable in Autumn?

(3)In which season are tomatoes more expensive than cabbages? (4)Which is the cheapest vegetable in Autumn?

(5)In which season are two vegetables the same price?

六. 用所给词的正确形式填空:

1. Your room is very _________. It’s much ________ than mine. It’s ________ of all.(big)

2. —This coat is too ________. (expensive)I don’t have enough money to buy it. I can buy a ________ one than it.

—Sorry, this one is _________ one in the store.(cheap)

3. Tom and Sam are _______ at math than physics. And Tom is ______ at English in our class.(good)

4. —There are many ________ places in Australia. You may go there to visit them on vocation.

—Thank you. But I think there are many ________ places in Egypt. I want to go there. (beautiful)

5. —Which unit is __________ in Book 2, do you think? Is Unit 12 _________?(difficult) —I don’t think so. I think it’s a little _________ than Unit 9. (easy)

七. 将下列句子译成英文:

1. Sam是个快乐的孩子。他爱学习,对别人很友好。他是班里最受欢迎的学生。 _______________________________________________________________________

2. 在中国,北京有最多、最好的电视台。北京也是中国最大的城市之一。

_______________________________________________________________________

3. 我们家我很忙,我妈妈比我忙,而我爸爸是最忙的。

_______________________________________________________________________

【试题答案】

一. 可数名词用a / an不可数名词用some填空。

(1)a (2)a (3)some

(5)some (6)some (7)some

(9)some (10)some (11)some

(13)some (14)some (15)a

(17)an (18)a (19)a (20)a

(21)some (22)some (23)some

(25)an (26)an (27)an (28)a

(29)a

二. 写出下列名词的复数形式

(1)noodles (2)teeth

(4)feet (5)mice

(7)photos (8)families

(10)knives (11)women

(13)beds (14)grades

(4)some (8)some (12)some (16)an (24)a (3)men-doctors (6)potatoes (9)wolves (12)policemen (15)classes

(16)boxes (19)sheep (22)heroes (25)trousers (28)halves (31)boots (34)shirts (37)umbrellas (40)cities (17)shelves (20)deer (23)hamburgers (26)shoes (29)churches (32)sweaters (35)necklaces (38)watches (41)monkeys (18)fish

(21)tomatoes (24)clothes (27)wives (30)jackets (33)blouses (36)dresses (39)purses (42)boys

三. 选词填空,完成下面的对话。 (1)everything (2)some (4)any (5)any (7)many (8)much (10)any (11)much (13)some (14)a lot of

(3)any

(6)A few (9)a little (12)anything

四. 写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。 (1)worse, worst (2)cleaner, cleanest (3)dirtier, dirtiest (4)bigger, biggest (5)smaller, smallest (6)worse, worst (7)less, least (8)harder, hardest (9)happier, happiest (10)farther, farthest (11)better, best (12)slower, slowest (13)easier, easiest (14)newer, newest (15)younger, youngest (16)ruder, rudest (17)quieter, quietest (18)drier, driest (19)cheaper, cheapest (20)uglier, ugliest (21)busier, busiest (22)older, oldest (23)noisier, noisiest (24)hotter, hottest (25)colder, coldest (26)faster, fastest (27)more, most (28)wetter, wettest (29)earlier, earliest (30)brighter, brightest (31)more boring, most boring (32)more careful, most careful (33)more quietly, most quietly

(34)more expensive, most expensive (35)more difficult, most difficult (36)more interesting, most interesting

(37)more beautiful, most beautiful

五. 观察下列表格,并回答问题。

(1)summer (2)cabbage

(4)cauliflower (5)winter

六. 用所给词的正确形式填空:

1. big, bigger, the biggest

2. expensive, cheaper, the cheapest

3. good, the best

4. beautiful, more beautiful

5. the most difficult, the most difficult, easier

七. 将下列句子译成英文:

1. Sam is a happy kid. He loves studying and he is friendly to others. He is the most popular student in the class.

2. In China, there are the best and most TV stations in Beijing, Beijing is also one of the biggest city in China.

3. I’m busy in my family. My mom is busier than me. But my father is the busiest. (3)summer

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