如何写好高考任务型作文 一．概要部分解题技巧
首先，应该熟悉概要写作的总体过程：通读全文——确定要点——归纳总结——表达——对照原文检查。
其次，所给材料的文体大多数情况下是议论文，有时也会有事实陈述类文章，因此还是有必要加以注意。议论文的重点在于说理，其主要的方法有两种：归纳法和演绎法。在进行概要写作的时候，不论原文采用何种方式，一般都是以演绎的方法展开为好，即先写中心论点，再以其重点和次要重点的论据展开。事实陈述类文章往往没有主题句，概要写作时应当抓住六个要素：时间、地点、事件、人物、原因和结果。一般选择重要的因素为中心，相对不重要的可以删除。 再次，对照内容概要写作的基本要求，有一些技巧考生还是应当掌握。
1. 忠实原文。这是最根本的要求。 2. 意义完整。切忌将概要写成提纲式的结构，句子和句子之间应当使用过渡词语，这样概要才能成为一个有机的整体。写作时，不管原文如何，应当使用第三人称而非第一人称；使用间接引语而非直接引语。 3. 简明扼要。我们可以使用一些技巧达到这一目的。
4. 应当牢记，不能照抄原文。
二、根据概要写作文需要注意的问题 1．首先要辨清题目意思，抓住题目中心思想，不能看见要点就开始动笔写，应先思考一下所给材料以及所给要点之间的内在关系，弄清楚题目的意思和目的。 2．要抓住所给材料和要点的中心思想进行构思，开动脑筋，启动联想，考虑文章怎样开头，怎样发展，怎样结尾，依次写出每段的主题句，列出每段的中心问题及例证。 3．筛选材料、分析和归类，挑选与主题有关的，能深刻表达题意的素材。 4．在全文写作过程中，要注意使用简单明了的句子，约定俗成的句型和准确恰当的词语。好的文章必须文字连贯，层次清楚，句式富于变化，这些都需要通过句子来实现，因此可以说，句子好坏直接决定文章的成败。下面汇集了多种用途的经典句型，在考试中注意灵活使用这些句型将会对考生大有益处。 任务型写作是在基础写作之后要求学生写一篇主题有所限制的半开放式的作文。它要求学生首先阅读一篇200 字左右的文章。根据文中大意提炼主题，明确主题思想。然后依据主题按照试题规定的写作要点完成一篇夹叙夹议150字左右的文章。要在30分钟之内阅读、概括、组织材料、构思成文完成写作任务学生必须具有扎实的语言基
础和灵活的语言运用能力。 根据写作要求，学生应该注意以下几点：
一、深入阅读提炼主题
写作的第一部分要求学生概括主题思想。所选文章一般主题鲜明，观点明确，而且大都为中学生熟悉的题材。如中学生学习生活、与父母关系、同学关系、或其它如污染等。20xx年的高考试题要求学生写一封信给父亲表达感恩之情，内容在学生可表达范围之内。写作之前，学生要仔细阅读短文，明确文章主题，搜寻作者观点，然后概括短文大意。如果文章主题隐含，学生可以通过题目的写作要点反推阅读文章的主题思想。 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Helicopter parents （过度溺爱孩子的父母）pay close attention to everything, and overmanage their child's life. Some make sure their child succeeds in every way. Others hurry to prevent harm, instead of letting their children learn from their mistakes. Like a helicopter that hovers, parents by the same name are always within reach, even when their children demand a bit more breathing room. They think they're helping their children, but experts believe they could be causing more harm than good. Are you in constant contact with your child? Cell phones have led to frequent communication
between parents and children. If you call your child every morning to make sure he's getting to class on time, take a step back. Do you try and make all your child's academic decisions for him? If you are choosing their courses and career path, you're not letting them decide how to live their own lives. Giving advice is OK, but give them some space to make their own decisions. Do you get anxious if your child doesn't succeed? base their own self-worth and that can create problems for everyone. If your child fails a project or has relationship troubles in college, don't take it personally. You've done the best you can, and now the rest is up to them. [写作内容] 1. 以约30个词概括短文的要点； 2. 然后以约120个词就“Helicopter Parents”这一主题发表看法，并包括如下要点： a) 以自己的学习生活为例，简述在日常学习生活中你父母对你的溺爱；
b) 你对父母做法的看法及理由； c) 你给父母提出合理化建议，让你父母为你的成长少担心，多放心。
这篇文章主要讲述家长过分关注孩子，溺爱造成利大于弊。这篇短文的主体中心可以概括为 This article points out the common phenomenon of parents over-managing their children's life. It gives us a vivid picture of what are called helicopter parents who does more harm than good for the
development of children. 二、 依据主题筛选材料
这一部分是写作的核心部分。学生确定文章的主题和中心思想后，围绕中心思想组织材料。材料要紧扣主题，层次要分明。表达要准确，选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将材料完整流畅地用英语表达出来。按照篇章结构的要求组句成篇，选择适当的并列、递进、因果、转折、条件等意义的连词把所有表示要点的句子连接成文，使句与句、段与段之间意思连贯，结构衔接，生动、准确地表述自己的观点或感想。
三、强调观点呼应主题 写作最后一部分换种表达方式重申自己的观点。注意语言要精练、有力度。
写作常见问题： 1．跑题 阅读短文时不得要领，主体和细节不分。有时把文中具体事例提炼成主题，以至和下文的写作要点主题不一致。 2．零散 选用事例单一、不典型、说服力不强。如父母的关爱多数学生只局限在日常生活，还可以从学习、交友、社会生活等方面陈述，反映父母的关爱。陈述事例语言不紧凑，条理不清，逻辑性不强。 3．超字 考试说明任务型写作字数在150字左右。大多数学生超过这一要求，有的甚至达到200多字。写作超字不仅耗费时间而且增加了出错的可能。
4．表达不准确。语言表达的正确性和准确性欠佳、思维的逻辑性和文章的条理性不强。用词不能充分表达原意而且不符合英语习惯。在书写过程中应尽量使用能表现自己实力的词汇和语法结构，避免语言错误，真正做到语言地道、言简意赅，
5．语言不流畅。句式单一；句子的主题平凡调换；局段之间没有合理使用联接词去体现因果、转折、递进等关系等造成句子不流畅。
写作的提高可以通过阅读来训练提高，会读就会写。另外，多背诵范文多仿写也是提高写作的一个重要手段。
1、the author tells us the importance of self-learning for children. not only should the teacher help the students to correct their mistakes, but also they should depend themselves to correct their own mistakes. 2、this passage discusses the importance of self-learning for children. students should have the chance to correct their own mistakes, learn-by-doing and learn from each other, not just the teacher. 3、the article gives the view that teachers should let students correct their mistakes by themselves. students are able to correct their own mistakes and teachers’ frequent correction will make children unable to judge their own work. 4、some people think students’ mistakes should be corrected by themselves and it is wrong
for the teachers to do it for them too often in school. it will make the children dependent on the teachers. 5、the author (the passage) discussed the benefit of extracurricular activities including being a way to improve students’ health, widen their social circle and introduce them to new ideas and people.
如何写好读写任务中30词的summary
一、考纲要求
1． 概括的准确性；
2． 字数大约30词；
3． 不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。
二、难点分析
1． 如何迅速、准确地捕捉要点；
2． 如何巧妙串连，将要点串成篇章；
3． 如何灵活诠释，避免抄袭的嫌疑。
三、解题思路
1． 巧妙利用opinion，预测材料内容 读写任务先读后写。那么“读”的材料肯定是与要“写”的材料话题是相同的，至少是相关的。因此，我们可以利用这一关系来进行有效的预测。以下是两个例子。 实例一（阅读材料－议论文） We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched.
We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade! Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning. In our classrooms, we work in various ways. Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. And advanced pupils can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal. [写作内容]
1. 用约30词概括短文的内容要点；
2. 用约120词就“学校该不该分班”这个主题发表你的看法。 本例中的主题是“学校该不该分班”，那么，我们可以根据这个话题进行如下预测：
(1）阅读材料的论点是什么：该？不该？ (2）论据是什么：该的理由？不该的理
由？ (3）如何论证：有无实例？如有，又是什么实例？
这样，心中有了疑问，就好比大海航行有了指南针一样，只要循着这一方向去找，一定能在最短的时间里到达大洋的彼岸——迅速捕捉要点。
此外，当对话题的具体内容感到迷惘时，我们还可以充分利用写作内容2）里的a) b) c)来帮助我们进一步定向。如: 实例二（阅读材料－记叙文）
Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled a rich country. One day, he went for a trip to some distant areas of his country. When he was back to his palace, he complained that his feet were very painful, because it was the first time that he had gone for such a long trip, and the road that he went through was very rough and stony. He then ordered his people to cover road of the entire country with leather. Of course, this would need hundreds of thousands of cows’skin, and would cost a huge amount of money. Then taking risks of being killed, one of his wise servants dared himself to tell the king, “Why don’t you cover your feet with a piece of leather?” Luckily the king was an open-minded and easily-persuaded man. So though he was surprised, he later agrees to take the suggestion to make a “shoe” for himself. There is actually a valuable lesson in this story: to make this world a happy place to live in, you’d better change yourself—your heart not the world.
本例中的主题是“改变世界还是改变自己”。那么我们可以分析这一主题：人什么时候需要做出这种选择——改变世界还是改变自己？当然是遇到困难或矛盾时。那么，主人公遇上了什么困难？最终是通过改变世界还是改变自己来解决难题的呢？
至此，还不知道如何预测的同学，不妨再进一步地利用后面的具体内容要点a) b)来预测如下：
1. 原文中主人公遇到（经历）了怎样的困难？
2. 他/她是如何应对的？是改变世界还是改变自己？
与单纯地通过主题/话题来进行预测而言，这一种预测方法（利用写作内容2里的各小点）更适合记叙文体的阅读材料。
2. 分析文章结构，准确捕捉要点 有了“指南针”之后，捕捉短文要点就容易多了。那么，如何才能快速、准确地捕捉到文章的要点呢？
首先，从文体入手。一般来说，读写任务里的阅读材料按文体可以分成两种：议论文和记叙文。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据、论证，文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通常可以在第一段或最后一段找论点。 如实例一，论点就在第一段开头找到：Mixed-ability teaching can do good to bright children. On the contrary, streaming students have many disadvantages.
再看实例二，这是一篇记叙文，我们要找出它的四要素：when, where, who, what等。带着这几个问题去找，自然很快就找出来了。
其次，从过渡语入手。如实例一中，Besides就是一个很好的guide, 因为它通常表示并列或递进的关系，它后面的it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability 很明显是讲streaming pupils的缺点，那么在它前面必然还有至少一个缺点。再从第一段的disadvantage看起，就可以迅速找出它的另一个缺点，即have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child as they develop differently，这就是论据了。第三段一开头，就用了In our classroom， 有具体的地点，那么，一看就知道是在举例了，且举的是Mixed-ability teaching所带来的好处的例子。
3. 理清逻辑关系，选择合适连词 在捕捉到文章的要点之后，接下来就是要理清他们之间的逻辑关系，再找到适当的连接词，自然衔接，使之成为一个连贯的语段。如实例一可以用图表示如下：
灵活变化表达，适度进行paraphrase 理清要点之间的逻辑关系之后，不能简单地照搬原句，还必须进行适度的paraphrase，即用自己的话进行改写，才符合“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”的要求。那么，如何才能达到“雁过不留痕”的效果呢？ (1)同义替换。即用同义或近义的词语或
句型改写，如实例一中的 “intellectual ability”和“academic ability”就可以用grades(成绩)来替换；“grade pupils according to”则可用judge/group pupils by替换；“It does not take into account the fact”可以变为It fails to consider that... (2)语态互换。即主语语态与被动语态的转换，如实例二中he later agrees to take the suggestion to...就可以用它的被动语态来表示：he was later persuaded to...
(3)非谓语动词短语与从句的互换。如实例二中there was a king who ruled a rich country就可以用there was a king ruling a rich country来表达。
(4)合并句子。就是将几个意义联系紧密的句子合并为一句话。如实例一中的两个论据①We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. ②Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability.就可改为Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students’ development, but also is unfair for them judging only by their grades. 5. 削“枝”去“叶”，实行精“兵”裁“员” 由于字数有限制，所以在写summary时还应采取一些必要的手段来进行精“兵”裁“员”,减少字数。惯常采用的方法有： (1)主谓缩写。如they will→they’ll; we are→we’re; should not→shouldn’t; can not→can’t等。 (2)句式省略。如when he crossed the
road=when crossing the road. if they’re corrected too much=if corrected too much. (3)使用代词或含有替代含义的词。如实例二中，有学生会这样写：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet. A servant advised the king not to cover the road and just make a pair of shoes for himself. Finally the king agreed and made shoes for himself. 这时，我们可以利用代词将其改写如下：Once a king wanted to cover the road with leather to protect his feet, but he was persuaded not to do so. Instead, he made a pair of shoes to achieve the same goal. 四、避免误区
1. 要点不齐，“骨” “肉”分离
如实例一中 “学校不该分班”是“骨”，“为什么不该分班”则是“肉”。如果只写了Streaming pupils shouldn’t be adopted in schools.则为有“骨”无“肉”；如果写成Streaming pupils not only neglects the different rates of students’ development, but also is unfair for them judging. only by their grades.则成了有“肉”无“骨”。这两种写法都属于“骨”“肉”分离的典例。
2. 抄袭原文，穷于变化
在进行summarize的时候，要符合“不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子”的要求。因此，我们一定要在扎实地进行一句多译的题型训练之上，学会利用上面所介绍的方法或是其它方法来对材料中的观点进行适当的诠释，灵活的变化。
3. 不够客观，喧宾夺主 在写summary时，要依照作者的观点，客观地转述其要点，不要强加自己的观点。避免这种嫌疑的最佳方法就是在文首加上这样的字眼：According to the passage/the author...
五、备考策略
1． 过好三关
(1)阅读关
首先，要加大阅读量，减少在考试中遇到不熟悉话题的几率。其次，考生还需掌握一定的阅读技巧，对于不同文体的阅读方式要做到心中有数。
(2)表达关 在平时的学习中，一定要巩固单词和固定短语的记忆，灵活运用五种基本句型，以及复合句、非谓语动词、省略句的使用等等。多进行一句多译的训练，养成用英语写日记的习惯，或一周写几篇作文的习惯，或用英语和同学对一些身边发生的焦点问题进行讨论的习惯等。
(3)书写关
要特别关注自己的书写及卷容。在同等优秀的作文面前，书写工整漂亮，卷面整洁干净的肯定是占绝对优势的。 2. 积累模板 要注意归纳和积累summary中常用的句式或模板。 如议论文的概要通常可以如此开头：
The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students. The essay/passage/author argues in support of ..., stating that ... The essay/passage/author argues that we must not only value those who come first or are the best in any field but the others whose effort push them to success. The essay/passage/author discusses the impact of email. The essay/passage/author compares friendship with the comfort of home. The essay/passage/author outlines the harmful effects of smoking. 而记叙文的概要则可以从以下模板中选择：
The passage/story is about a misunderstanding between a student and a teacher. The author tells us a story about a ________. The passage is a story about ________. According to the passage, the hero in the story ________. 总之，我们相信Where there is a will, there is a way. 和Practice makes perfect.不管这种新题型有多难，只要掌握了正确的方法，再以坚韧的毅力勤加操练，那么，我们就一定会写出精美的摘要和优秀的作文来。