1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过“我”来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受“我”活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 记叙文中用得最多的是动词的过去式
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括说明到具体叙述时。如：
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel, watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a
small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright. What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述模式，没有人物语言，把“悬念”给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something. “Crash!” a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was knocking at the door, I asked, “Who?” No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. “It's you.” I said, quite released.
二、写好记叙文的基本要领
1. 头绪分明，脉络清楚
写好记叙文，首先要头绪分明，脉络清楚，明确文章要求写什么。要对所写的事件或人物进行分析，弄清事件发生、发展一直到结束的整个过程，然后再收集选取素材。这些素材都应该跟上述五个“ W ”和一个“ H ”有关。尽管不是每
篇记叙文里都必须包括这些“ W ”和“ H ”，但动笔之前，围绕五个“ W ”和“ H ”进行构思是必不可少的。
2. 突出中心，详略得当
在文章的框架确定后，对支持故事的素材的选取是很关键的。选材要注意取舍，应该从表现文章主题的需要出发，分清主次，定好详略。要突出重点，详写细述那些能表现文章主题的重要情节，略写粗述那么非关键的次要情节。面面俱到反而使情节罗列化，使人不得要领。这一点是写好记叙文要解决的一个基本问题，也需要一定的技巧。如：
One night a man came to our house and told me, “There is a family with eight children. They have not eaten for days.” I took some food with me and went.
When I finally came to that family, I saw the faces of those little children disfigured （破坏外貌） by hunger. There was no sorrow or sadness in their faces, just the deep pain of hunger.
I gave the rice to the mother. She divided the rice in two, and went out, carrying half the rice. When she came back, I asked her, “Where did you go?” she gave me this simple answer, “To my neighbors — they are hungry also!”
3. 用活语言，准确生动
记叙文要用具体的事件和生动的语言对人、事、物加以叙述。一篇好的记叙文的语言既要准确、生动，又要表现力强，这样才能把人、事描写得具体生动，其可读性才强。试比较下面一篇例文修改的前后效果。
原文：
One day Xiaoqiang was wandering away. He was soon lost among people and traffic. He could not find the way back home and started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by found him standing alone in front of a shop and crying.
They went up to Xiaoqiang and asked him what had happened. Xiaoqiang told them how he got lost and where he lived. The two students decided to take him home. Mother was pleased to see Xiaoqiang come back safe and sound. She invited the two students into the house and gave them some money, but they didn't take it. She served them with tea but they left.
修改后：
The other day, five-year-old Xiaoqiang left home alone and wandered happily in the street. After some time, he felt hungry so he wanted to go back home. But he found he was lost among the crowded people and heavy traffic. When he could not find the way home, he started crying. Just then, two young students who were passing by from
school found him standing crying in front of a shop. They immediately went up to him. “Little boy, why are you standing here crying?” they asked.
“I want Mom, I want to go home.” said the boy, still crying.
“Don't worry, we'll send you home.”
And they spent the next two hours looking for the boy's house. With the help of a policeman, they finally found it.
When the worried mother saw her son come back safe and sound, she was so thankful and she invited the students into her house. Gratefully, she offered them some money, saying it was a way to express her thanks, but the young students firmly refused it and left without even a cup of tea.
第二篇：高考英语写作系列-写景抒情(记叙文)
写景抒情(记叙文)优秀范文Mother’s Love母亲的爱Mother’s love is the greatest love in the world. One evening, it was raining hard and it was very dark outside. Suddenly I got a bad headache. My mother felt my head and found that I had a high fever. She was so worried that she took me on the back to the nearby hospital at once.At that time, it was about midnight and it was raining even harder. I looked down at my mother and found that she was walking hard in the heavy rain. I couldn’t keep back my tears. When she was too tired to walk on, she let me down. But when she found I could hardly stand, she took me on the back again and went on walking. When we got to the hospital, she was out of breath. The doctor looked me over carefully and let me take some hot water and some medicine. On the way home, I felt a little better. So I told my mother that I could walk slowly by myself. But mother took me in the back without a word. When we got home, mother fell to the floor. She was too tired! The next day I felt much better, but mother got ill.Mother, I love you, the best words in the world can’t express my love to you.high fever 高烧keep back 阻止too tired to walk on 太疲倦而不能继续行走out of breath 上气不接下气look sb. over 检查by oneself 亲自，独自My Colorful School Life多彩多姿的学校生活I’m a student and I know what I’m studying for．I study hard．In class I listen to the teachers attentively and do homework carefully．I pay particular attention to physical training．I often join my classmates in ball games after class．Sport keeps me fit and healthy．I do my best to get as much knowledge as possible．I make it a rule to go to the computer room once a week and work there an hour or so．I go to the library regularly and spend some time there reading various books．I take part in occasional visits to all sorts of museums and learn a lot from the activities．May there always be colorful life around my school！pay particular attention to physical training 特别注意体育锻炼Sport keeps me fit and healthy． 运动使我保持健康。as...as possible 尽可能……May there always be colorful life around my school！祝愿我的学校总是有多彩多姿的生活。I Love My Mom我爱妈妈My mother has raised me since I was a little girl. Whenever I encounter difficulty, she is always by my side telling me how to overcome the difficulty.My mother is not tall; her figure is slender. Her hair is dyed brown, the skin on her face is white and smooth, her eyes are black and bright, and her mouth is small and will give you a very warm feeling when she smiles.My mother is not just beautiful but also very capable. She has three jobs, everyday she busily runs around, and when she comes home she has to painstakingly take care of me. It’s a very hard work.My mom tells me, whatever you
do you need persistence. It will lead you to success! No matter how hard the wind blows or the rain falls, no matter how tiring or how hard it is, mom is still sending me to learn piano and English without complaint or regret.Mom is always very tired, but she never says so. Her face is always smiling sweetly. How I long for the day when mom will have nothing to do, nothing to worry about and rest well for one whole day!Mom, I love you. I deeply love you!how to overcome the difficulty 怎样克服困难dye 染色painstakingly 辛苦地Whatever you do you need persistence. 无论你干什么都需要坚持。lead you to success 带着你走向成功without complaint or regret 无怨无悔How I long for the day 我多么渴望这一天！A Brilliant Celestial Body精彩的星球My name is “Earth”, I am a brilliant celestial body in a vast mysterious universe.The universe is endless, without a beginning or end. I live with my family of nine children in the solar system. Our names are: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. I am the third youngest. The sun is our beloved mother because she radiates heat and light. Scientists call her a fixed star. We, the nine children, orbit around Mom. We cannot give off light, we can only reflect light from our mom. We are called planets. I am Mom’s favourite, she shines warm light upon me, loving me, making me the only child supporting vigorous life forms. The beautiful mountain ranges and rivers, birdsong and floral fragrance, lively birds and beasts, and intelligent human beings make me so bright and beautiful. Mom always encourages me time and again saying, “Child, you are the pride of our family, you must value your life. If you have your way, and simply do whatever you please, then I will get very angry. I will make the sand and rock fly, overturn rivers and seas, and severely punish you. Mark my words, child, may you lead a long and healthy life!”Mom, please don’t worry, I will surely treat myself with care and remain forever a brilliant celestial body.vast mysterious universe 庞大而神秘的宇宙The universe is endless, without a beginning or end.宇宙广阔无垠，没开始和结束。radiate heat and light 发出光和热give off light 发出光线time and again 一次又一次be the pride of our family 是我们家庭的骄傲mark my words 记住我的话The Scenery Around A Year四季之景Summer has come，with its warm sunny days, making us think of all sorts of nice things, such as holidays in the country，picnics and outdoor parties．When Spring came，she found the earth cold and bare，but she soon changed all that，and by the time Summer arrives，the world is a very different place．It is a green world now，green leaves on the trees，green grass in the fields，green plants crowding in the hedges，and flowers blooming everywhere．The days are l
ong and the nights are short，for the sun gets up early and goes to bed late in sunny June．It is one of the best and brightest months in the year．Birds sing from sunrise till long after sunset． find the earth cold and bare 发现地球又冷又是光秃秃的green plants crowding in the hedges 绿色的植物长满树篱flowers blooming everywhere 鲜花四处盛开from sunrise till long after sunset 从日出到日落很长的时间Stars on a Snowy Night雪夜的星空The temperature had dropped to 18 degrees below zero, but still chose to sleep in the porch as usual. In the evening, the most familiar sight to me would be stars in the sky. Though they were a mere sprinkle of twinkling dots.It had been snowing all night, not a single star in sight. More and more lights came into sight as we kept pointing here and there. Lights from the outside created the scene of a star-studded sky. The numerous lamp-lights now easily passed for as many stars.sleep in the porch as usual 照例睡在走廊下a mere sprinkle of twinkling dots 点点闪烁的光明not a single star in sight 看不见一个星星the scene of a star-studded sky 满天的星星The numerous lamp-lights now easily passed for as many stars.将繁灯比着繁星,简直是恰如其分。描写本类主题常用语言集锦It was raining cats and dogs yesterday. 昨天下着倾盆大雨。The scenery is beautiful near the Atlantic Ocean. 靠近大西洋的地区，风景很美丽。There are many large lakes in this area. 这个地区有许多很大的湖泊。Most of the mountains are located in the west central region. 大部分山脉都在西部中心地区。This mountain range has many high peaks and deep canyons. 这条山脉有许多高峰和深谷。The land in this region is dry and parched. 这个地区的土地很干燥。Nile is the longest river in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。Along the northern coast there are many high cliffs.沿着北部海岸有许多悬崖峭壁。There are forests here, and lumbering is very important. 这里有许多森林，因而伐木业很重要。When spring comes, she finds the earth cold and bare. 春天来临时，天地空旷。The days are long and the night are short. 白天长了，夜晚短了。The sun gets up early and goes to bed late in sunny June.在明媚的六月里，太阳早早升起，很晚才落下。Birds sing from sunrise till long after sunset.鸟儿从太阳升起一直唱到太阳落山以后才停止。Soon the nightingale is pouring out its wonderful song.很快，夜莺尽情地唱起它那美妙的歌。The little brown bird sings away in the roads and woods.在公路边和树林深处，到处都有夜莺在歌唱。It is at night, he has the field all to himself. 正是在夜晚，田野只属于他自己。We hear the nightingale at h
is best. 我们听见夜莺正在尽情地歌唱。The fields are yellow with wheat．麦田一片金黄。The dark clouds have blotted out the sky．乌云遮天。Dark clouds hung over the city．乌云笼罩在城市上空。A storm is gathering．暴风雨正在酝酿之中。The sun will break through the clouds．阳光将破云而出。The sun is Fleering from behind the clouds．阳光从云后面射出。The sun rides high in heaven．太阳高悬在天空。The sunlight plays on the water．太阳在水面上闪耀。The sun streams into the room．阳光照进房间。The sky was filled with the glow of the sunset．晚霞映空。The room is painted white with moonlight．月光把房间照得一片洁白。The moon glimmered in the sky．天空月光闪烁。The stars are glittering in the sky．天空星光闪烁。Volumes of smoke are rising in the air．成团成团的烟升上天空。The room is thick with smoke．房间里浓烟滚滚。On the way back home, we were tired.回来的路上，我们都很累了。It was after dark when we got back, and we were all tired.我们回来时都已经很晚了，而且我们都很累。I feel so happy that I can’t say a word.我如此高兴以致于我不能说出一句话。She brings happiness to our family since she comes.自从她来后她给我们家带来了幸福。She shows more concern for my study and life at school.她对我在学校的学习和生活给予了很大的关注。I make great progress with his help.在他的帮助下，我取得了很大的进步。I think I have a good Sunday, for I see my father’s smile.我觉得星期天我过得非常愉快，因为我看到了爸爸的笑容。Although my family is not rich, we love and care each other.尽管我的家庭不是很富有，但我们彼此之间互相关心爱护。It is said that beauty is not the thing that life lacks but discovery.据说生活中不是缺少美而是在于发现美。I believe if I can make others happy I will be truely happy.我相信假如我能让别人幸福，我就会真正幸福。On my way back home I feel the warmth in my heart.在我回家的路上我心里感到了温暖。Her smile often makes me better. 她的微笑常常使我感到心情好多了。He brings out a bouquet of flower from behind. 他从后面拿出一束花。