大学英语四级应用文写作指导（附加历年真题及范文）
【应用文题型（Applied Writing）】
应用文的范围很广，包括书信、便条、广告、简历以及通知等诸方面。英语考试中的应用文以书信为主、兼或有报告、演讲词、导游介绍之类的要求，这一点在大学英语四级考试中屡有所见。
【书 信】
英文书信一般包括六个部分：
" 信头-----------------------写信人的地址和日期
" 收信人内文地址--------收信人的姓名及地址
" 称呼-----------------------对收信人的称谓语，写在内文地址以下两行
" 正文-----------------------写信人的身份及写信目的
" 结束客套语----------------信尾谦辞
" 签名
称谓（Salutation）
这儿指写信人对收信人的称谓。从左边顶格写起，自成一行，比信内地址低两行。其开头词和专有名词的第一个字母还应大写。称谓后，英国人喜用逗号，而美国人则用冒号。
" "Dear" 的用法：
最常见的是用Dear + （头衔）姓或名，如：Dear Professor Chen, Dear Mr. Alan 或Dear Isabel, 也就是在Mr., Mrs, Miss, Ms, Prof., Dr. 等后只用姓，不用名字。如果关系比较亲密，可用My Dear…。
" 给某个机构或你不认识的人写信，则按如下称呼写：
Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Sirs, Gentlemen, Dear Madame,
Ladies or Madame, To Whom It May Concern.
" 写给政府各部门首长，如参议员、法官、大使、市长等可用Hon. （Honorable 阁下的缩写），表示尊重。 正文（Body）
正文是书信的主要部分。通常在低于称呼一行处写起，每段开头要向后缩进五到八个字母。正文从内容结构上一般包括：
" 写信人的身份及写信目的------------位于开头部分，一般是寒暄或点明写信的目的；要写得贴切、热情、恰如其分。
" 写信人的想法，请求等细节--------位于中间部分，叙述一封信的主要内容，要求写得具体明了，直截了当 " 向收信人表示谢意、希望等---------位于结尾部分，通常写一些表示祝愿、问候、感谢等结束敬语或希望之类的话语。
下面是一些写信时的常用表达：
开头语常用表达：
" 寒暄或关于"接到你的某月某日的信"
Excuse me of not writing you for such a long time.
Your letter dated the 10th inst. （instant 本月） is at hand.
I feel complimented by the kindness of your letter which arrived this morning.
Words can't express my delight of receiving your letter dated Aug. 27.
" 点明目的，表示通知、消息。
I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.
I have the pleasure to tell you that our friend, Jim, will get married in the New Year's Day.
I am very much delighted to inform that you will get a promotion soon.
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结尾语常用表达：
" We send you our best wishes.
" With best regards.
" Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
" Love to all you.
" Please give my best regards to your family / parents.
" All the luck in the world to you.
结尾谦辞（Complementary Close）。
结尾谦辞指写信人对收信人的谦辞称，写在正文下第二、三行处，从信纸中间稍向右处或齐头左顶格写起，第一字母大写，末尾加逗号。结尾谦辞根据通信人之间关系的亲疏恰当选择。常见的有以下几种：
1 " 通常使用：
Sincerely,（Your Sincerely; Sincerely yours; Most sincerely）
Truly，（Yours truly; very truly yours）
" 给上级、长辈、领导或公务信件用：
Respectively yours,
Faithfully yours,
2 " 一般同事或熟人之间用：
Yours ever,
Your friend,
Cordially yours,
3 " 写出亲属或关系非常亲密的是：
With love,
Love,
All my love,
Forever yours
Yours affectionately,
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Your loving son / daughter
书信作文的语体问题
就书信作文而言，作文内容固然重要，但语体更是问题。英文书信大致可分为事务书信（Business Letters）和个人书信（Personal Letters）两种。前者是单位与单位或个人与单位之间来往的信件，语体比较正规（formal）；后者则是个人与个人之间的飞鸿，表达较为随便（Personal）。但有时，同一封信可以采用正式与非正式两种语体表达，这就要求考生具有明辨和变换语体的能力。会变换语体，就要掌握大量词汇和句子结构、套语，尤其是同义词的不同感情色彩以及委婉语气和祈使句的应用。一般说来，正式文多采用包含would, should, might 等情态动词的语句，而个人书信除对师长的客套外，大都可融进少量口语体的句子（如祈使句、感叹句等）。值得一提的是广义虚拟语气在书信中的应用（凡要表达客气委婉的语气或留有余地的主观愿望而使用的虚拟语气属广义用法）。广义虚拟语气涉及到若干固定句式，比如：
1 陈述看法
I believed/thought/guessed/supposed/…that+表述内容（用过去时代替现在时是客气委婉的表示。）
2 提出劝告、建议
It would/could be fine to do …
You might as well do …
You should do…
3 提出请求、询问意向
I would （very much） like to V …
Could you ...
Would you …
4 表明意向
I was wondering if …
I wondered if …
以上句式在正式或比较正式的书信中是常见的，应学会使用。
【书 信】
【实例1----20xx年1月真题】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
Model Composition
January 12th, 2002
Dear Mr. President,
I am a student here. I write you this letter to say a few words about the dining halls in this university.
First, the food in the dining halls is not delicious enough, either too salty or too watery, especially in Dining Hall
3. Second, the prices in dining hall are very high and usually we cannot afford it. Third, the dining halls are always very crowed and we can seldom find seats if arriving there not early enough and the tables are not cleaned in time. Anyway, 3
what is good is that the working staff in the dining halls are quite kind, friendly and patient, and they usually try their best to meet the demand of the students and teachers.
Thus I suggest enlarging the dining halls and improving the quality of foods and reducing the prices to what is acceptable to all the students.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
【实例2----20xx年12月真题】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter in reply to a friend's inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
1 建议报考的专业及理由
2 报考该专业的基本条件
3 应当如何备考
Model Composition
A Letter of Reply to a Friend
December 27, 2003
Dear XX，
When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What's more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.
In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, "Practice makes perfect". In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since "interest is the best teacher."
As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you'd better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.
Yours
XXX
【实例3----20xx年6月真题】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1 表示欢迎
2 提出过度假安排的建议
3 提醒应注意的事项
Model Composition
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A Letter to a Schoolmate
June 23, 2001
Dear Xiao Wang,
I'm very happy that you will come to Beijing and spend holidays with me. It is a long time that we haven't seen each other and I miss you very much. I have always been looking forward to your arrival.
Since you will stay in Beijing for a week, I suggest you visit some places of interests, such as the Great Wall, the Palace Museum, the Summer Palace, the Tian'An Men Square, Mount Fregrance and etc. If time permits, I can show you around some famous universities like Peking University, Tsinghua University and so on, which are worth your visit. As the weather here is changeable, I propose you to wear more clothes in case that it is getting colder.
Come here as soon as possible and I can't wait to meet you. Wish you a safe and pleasant trip here.
Yours,
XXX
【报告写作】
报告（report）是指向某人、某公司或政府机关通报值得注意的一些事实的文件，报告有很多种，这里我们主要集中看看大学生或毕业生所马上面临的部分。在编写报告时，要注意下列事项：
" 弄清楚为谁写这份报告，为什么写
" 尽量用简洁的语言
" 要有特色
" 报告写完后，对主要观点要有总结
一般四级考查的是短文式报告（Report in Essay Style）,这类报告通常包括三部分：引言（Introduction）, 正文（body），结论（conclusion）。当然，正文根据情况不同，可分为不同的段落。
【实例----20xx年6月真题】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:
假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：
1 车祸发生的时间及地点
2 你所见到的车祸情况
3你对车祸原因的分析
Model Composition
An Eye-witness Account of a Traffic Accident
Last Friday morning I was standing at the bus stop waiting for Bus No. 375. Because several lines pass by the station and it was rush hour, many people had gathered there before next bus came, some off the pavement, others on the lawn.
A bus pulled into the station at last. Before I recognized the number of the packed bus, people already thronged 5
forward and fought their way to the door. Suddenly I heard somebody shout "Help! Help!" It was from the crowd. All the passengers looked toward the point where the sound came from. A pregnant woman was lying on the road nearby the bus door, bleeding all over. I was frightened and dazed. An ambulance came and took the woman to hospital. Buses came and went, but I just stood there, lost in thought.
Probably because time and tide wait for no man, people in modern society are always in a hurry, lest they should be left behind and even dismissed. There can never be peace of mind. Thus rises the number of traffic accident. If there were less pressure on people, there might be fewer accidents.
【公众演讲稿】
下面我们看一下公众演讲。大体来说，公众演讲可分为四类：
" 信息型演讲（informative speech）
" 劝说型演讲（persuasive speech）
" 娱悦型演讲（entertaining speech）
" 激励型演讲（stimulating speech）
一般来说，演讲包括六个部分：
" 问候语（Greetings）
" 提出话题（Presentation of the Topic）
" 论述话题（Discussion of the Topic）
" 结束话题（Conclusion of the Topic）
" 呼吁行动（Appeal to Action）
" 结尾语（Closing Remarks）
当然虽然一个演讲包括以上六部分，但未必是六段，在四级考试中，可以把问候语、提出话题合为一段，论述话题一段或两段，而把结束话题、呼吁行动以及结尾语融在一起为一段。
【实例----20xx年1月真题】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a campaign speech in support of your election to the post of chairman of the student union. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作，
2 如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？
Model Composition
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Good morning. My fellow friends, I feel very glad and excited to have the honor of being a candidate for the president of the students' union. I am a junior and come from the Foreign Language department. I think I can be qualified to work for the union as the president for the following reasons.
I joined the department students' union the moment I entered this university, and have been the president of that organization one year later. Consequently, I have accumulated rich experiences in organization activities and communicating with students. Besides, I have a belief of serving for the benefits of students and that of the university as well. Both my fellow department-mates and teachers all give me high praises due to the contributions I made during my term. More importantly, I believe I am a dynamic person full of passion for a variety of things. I am one member of the school basketball team.
If I am lucky enough to be elected the president, I will contribute great efforts to serve the interests of our school. Specifically speaking, I will organize various activities and do more exchanges with other schools to help our learning and make the life even more colorful. I sincerely hope you may give me a chance. Thank you.
【导游解说词】
当今世界旅游事业蓬勃发展，旅游业已成为各国重要的经济部门。为了招揽游客，导游解说和旅游指南就显得十分必要，大学英语考试中有关旅游的题目也是很多。导游解说除了开头结尾的客套话，中间则是对景点的介绍，而旅游指南里面大部分也是对景点大介绍。导游解说词和旅游指南的语言既具有广告宣传文字的特点，也具有某些报导文字和游记文字的特色。其语言既比较规范，又具有大众化，辞令明快优美，富于表现力和说明力，向旅游者介绍某个地方的特色，提供游览的信息，帮助游人了解和欣赏要游览的地方，有时还告诉游客诸如交通、食宿、花费、时间表等出外旅游常见问题。
大家看下面的实例，体会一下导游解说词和旅游指南的写作特点：
【实例----20xx年6月真题】
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition entitled A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:
Your role: a tour guide
Your audience: a group of foreign tourists
Your introduction should include:
● some welcoming words
● the schedule for the day
● a description of the place the tourists will be visiting （e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.）
You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody.
Model Composition
A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction
Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. To begin with, I would like to introduce myself: I am the tourist guide from China Travel Service and it's great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. Just as the old saying goes, "It is always a pleasure to greet a friend from afar", so I hope all of you will enjoy yourselves during this trip.
The following is the schedule for the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortification in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which are the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go to the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors.
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Currently we are on the way to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seventh century B.C., the Great Wall was constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, "He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man".
Above is the introduction to our arrangement. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at any time.
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