一模备考—读写任务过渡句和拓展句的总结归纳复习
段落由哪些句子组成?
1.主题句topic sentence 一般出现在句首，是对全段的概括。也可出现在段末。
2.扩展句supporting details 对主题句进行举例说明论证，或进行详细解释。
3.结尾句 concluding sentence 对主题句的呼应，中肯切要。(可以不用，视情况而定)
例如：（主题句）Books are our teachers. （扩展句1）They hand down knowledge from generations to generations.（扩展句2）They teach us how to do things and how to live a useful life.（结尾句）Therefore, we should read as many books as possible.
如何写好每段主题句：
模式一：直接回答要点。写作要点是询问考生的看法时，对提问直接作出回答。
Model: 假如你处在那些动物的处境,你会有什么反应？ （2009广东高考读写任务要点2）
If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I could feel annoyed when people keep photographing me.
你理想中的大学生活是什么样的？
In my eyes, my ideal college life is wonderful/relaxing.
模式二：表明立场 明确表示对某观点支持、赞同或反对。
Model: 你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。 (20##年广东高考读写任务要点3)
I believe that taking photos with animals should be banned.
Discuss the expressions of supporting and objecting ：
表示支持或赞同的句型：
I agree with the statement that …
I am in favor of …
I appreciate that
I approve of the idea that…
I believe that …
I agree with what the writer said/says.
表示反对或不赞同的句型：
I disagree with the idea that…
I am opposed to the idea that …
I disapprove of the idea that…
In some way, I agree with… but…
What the writer said sounds reasonable, but…
（以上短语务必牢记！）
你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法。(20##年广东高考读写任务要点1)
I am not in favor of encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks.
模式三：重复要点 不直接回答写作要点，而是翻译要点作为段落主题句。
Model： 在生活中谅解他人有何重要意义.
From the story I learn that understanding and forgiving others plays an important role in our life.
中学生活和大学生活的差别.
As we all know, college is widely different from middle school.
词组积累
play an important role/part
have a bad/good influence/effect
have a close relation /connection
do harm to
be different from
说明某一品质或做某事的重要性时，从多方面来阐述，如社会、生活、工作、学习等方面来论述，切忌泛泛而谈，同时还要条理清晰。（这样写出来的文章才能够让人信服）常用到的句型有：
⑴ ... is of great importance/significance/ value/help.To begin with，it can...Besides，it strengthens the tie between... Finally，it helps to...
⑵ ... has a great impact on … Firstly， ...Secondly，... Thirdly，...
模式四：总述原因
Model: 使我们生活发生变化有哪些原因？
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.
你支持青少年的秘密应该与父母分享的理由是什么？
I insist that teenagers’ secrets should be shared with their parents for reasons as follows.
Useful expressions for reasons: （很实用的写作短语）
There are several reasons that contribute to…
The reasons for this are obvious…
… for reasons as follows
The reason why… is that…
模式五：引出建议、方法、措施、步骤等
Model: 说说人们对环境保护所采取的措施。
Luckily, more and more measures are being taken to protect the environment.
如何才能获得快乐？
We should find some effective ways to make ourselves happy.
常用句型：
● We should take some effective measures.
● We should try our best to overcome/conquer the difficulties.
● We should solve the problems that we are faced with.
● It is necessary that proper actions/ steps should be taken to end the phenomenon.
模式六：引出经历 用来引出记叙文的具体事例。（一般都是以过去时来写）
简述你经历过的一次困难或考验。(2010茂名一模)
It reminds me of my own experience when …
常用句型：
? It reminds me of the time when…
? It reminds me of an accident which happened several days ago.
? After reading the story above, I recall the experience of my friend who…
? The story above reminds me of one of my experiences…
（过渡句可以多种写法，不要千篇一律）
实例分析：
1）你对不诚实现象的看法
（表明立场）： Dishonesty does great harm to our society。
2）诚实的重要性。
(重述要点）： Why should we be honest？或 Honesty plays an important role in our life.
3）作为中学生，该如何做一个诚实的人
(回答要点): As students， we should act honestly every day and never cheat others， including cheat in exams.
综合运用
以约120个词就“school rules”这个话题发表你的看法，内容要点包括：
（1）同学们怎么看待你们的校规；
（2）你认为校规的作用是什么；
（3）你对校规的制定有什么建议。
1) As far as I`m concerned, in our school, my classmates often complain about the bans on wearing long hair and jewellery. （直接回答要点）
2)But school rules really play a very important and necessary part in school life.（重述要点）
3)However ,There are some suggestions before waking out school rules.（引出建议、方法、措施、步骤等）
如何写拓展句
围绕主题句进行举例说明论证，或进行详细解释。（论证）
拓展句子的常用法有:
举例法
? 列举式
? 递进式
? 说明原因/结果
? 正反式
? 相关式/细化主题
? 叙述他人经历……
? （拓展句的分类只是大体分类）
1. 现实生活中有很多名人在面对困难时坚持自己的目标。就拿史铁生，一个著名的中国作家来说吧，有了坚强的意志，他从来没有屈服于残疾，终于创造了大量的杰出作品，这使他取得了巨大的成功。另一个令人信服的例子就是刘伟，一个无臂钢琴家，如果他放弃尝试，他永远也克服不了自己的残疾而赢得了中国才艺表演赛。
? There are countless celebrities who stick to their goals when facing difficulties. (主题句)Take Shi Tiesheng, a famous Chinese writer, for example. With strong will power, he never gave in to disability and finally created lots of marvelous works, which earned him a great success. Another convincing example is Liu Wei, an armless pianist. If he had given up trying, never would he have overcome his disability and won the China’s Talent Show.
2.. 用具体的例子来说明主题句所表达的观点或现象。（列举）
? 有很多不同形式的运动适合不同的口味。比如，那些喜欢竞技体育的人可以从事球类运动，再比如，如果他们喜欢单独锻炼的话，他们可以跑跑步或者早上晚上散散步。此外，人们在夏天可以去游泳，冬天去滑冰。总之，无论他们的兴趣是什么，人们总能找到适合他们的运动。
? There are many different forms of exercises to suit different tastes. (主题句) For example, those who enjoy competitive sports may take up ball games. For another example, if they prefer to exercise alone, they can have a run or take a walk in the morning or in the evening. Besides, people can go swimming in the summer and go skating in the winter. In short, no matter what their interests are, people can always find more sports that are suitable to them. (总结句)
?
举例法
通过主题句直截了当的提出自己的观点，再举出具体例子加以说明。
如（1）：谈论个人对网上购物的看法。
On one hand, online shopping has its advantages. Firstly, it is much cheaper. As far as I’m concerned, online stores offer lower prices to the customers and some don’t charge delivery fee if we buy more than one. Secondly, it is more convenient as customers needn’t walk store after store for what they like. And it’s easier for them to compare products online. On the other hand…
列举法
首先摆出一个论点，然后列举一系列的论据对其进行陈述或解释
如（2）谈论“互联网对人们生活带来的影响”
(主题句）The Internet plays a vital role in our daily life. （拓展句）It not only provides people with amounts of latest information, but also changes the way people communicate with each other. Besides, the Internet enables people to go shopping at home easily and conveniently.
（写作过程条理非常清晰，让人觉得作者说的有道理，有理有据）
说明理由（道理分析）
(明确观点)When visiting wildlife parks，many tourists love to take photos with animals. (总述理由) Reasons for this are varied. (例举理由) Some people want to remember their enjoyable and unforgettable experience with the animals by taking photos with them(第一条).
先明确表明自己的观点，然后再列出具体的多个理由，不能一句话轻轻带过。可用句型有：
⑴ There are reasons why ... First of all，...Then...Finally，...做某事的原因有：第一，……；其次，……；最后……
⑵ Reasons for this are varied.Some people think...Others think...其原因是多方面的，有人认为……另外一些人认为……
⑶ I firmly support the view that... because ...In addition，...我坚决赞同……的看法，因为……，此外……
⑷ The reasons can be listed as follows./The reasons for this are as follows. To begin with，...In addition，... 其理由可列举如下/其理由如下：首先，……；其次，……
正反式
如：（1） 11年广州一模要求就“诚信的重要性”的主题发表看法，要点（1）你读后的感受；
（主题句-感受）After reading the story ,I feel it is important to be honest. (拓展句) It’s obvious that an honest person will definitely win the respect from others, which is of great importance in our study and daily life, let it alone in the business world. However, a dishonest person will lose his fame and trust from others sooner or later. No matter how intelligent he is, dishonesty will ruin his future.
(总述)Pressure has both advantages and disadvantages.(利) On the one hand，a certain amount of pressure can encourage us，inspire us and promote us. (弊) On the other hand， too much pressure will certainly do harm to us students，which may influence our health and study.
相关式/细化主题
所谓相关式是指围绕决定事物的相关因素谈论问题的方法。
如(1)：就“如何减少交通事故”的主题谈论人们应该如何避免交通事故
我们就可以围绕造成交通事故的相关因素如司机和行人来谈论如何避免。
? What can we do to avoid traffic accidents?
? ① As to drivers:
? a) keep their emotions under control;
? b) respect others
? ② As to walkers/pedestrians and cyclists:
? a) strictly obey the traffic rules;
? b) value their own lives
（也就是我们平常说的多个角度，打开思路）
如（2）你对考试作弊的看法。
（主题-明示观点）In my opinion, this phenomenon will have a very bad effect on middle school students’ study habit.（拓展句）（细化）Those who usually cheat in exams will never treat study seriously again because they believe they will always get good marks without working hard. Those who never cheat in exams will consider it’s unfair for them, thinking studying hard is not necessary.
1）你对不诚实现象的看法
Dishonesty does great harm to our society.（主题句）. Firstly, It can destroy our good relationship with others， bringing lots of unstable factors to the society. Secondly，it may even affect people‘s health.（拓展句)---运用列举法
2）诚实的重要性。
Why should we be honest？或 Honesty plays an important role in our life.(主题句) Firstly， being honest is one of Chinese traditional virtues which we should carry forward. Secondly， friendship is based on honesty. Seeing that the honest person is reliable， most of people are willing to make friends with them. Thirdly， honesty is very important for us to build a harmonious society and realize our spiritual civilization.(拓展句)-----列举法
3）作为中学生，该如何做一个诚实的人
As students， we should act honestly every day and never cheat others， including cheat in exams. (主题句) Besides， we should help those who are dishonest correct their mistakes. (拓展句) Only in this way can we win respect from others(结尾句)
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