情景交际

Part 1. 概括总结

1. 忌上词下用 上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词，按表层意思似乎合情合理，但往往为错误的“虚像”，需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。

—I wonder if I could use your telephone.

—________. （1996 上海27）

A. I wonder how

B. I don’t wonder

C. Sorry, it’s out of order

D. No wonder, here it is

2. 忌中文思维

掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处，对于准确解题至关重要。我们解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语，去选答案.

Do you think it’s going to rain over

the weekend?

—_______________．

A.I don’t believe

B.I don’t believe it

C.I believe not so

D.I believe not

3. 忌直接回绝

这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助，提出请求或邀请时，回答过于直接，不够委婉，尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的，但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。应该要注重礼貌和合作优先原则 在作否定回答 时，为了表示礼貌和委婉，通常要用一些委婉词，如but, I’m afraid, I’m sorry, thanks, please, had better等

4. 忌答非所问

a. 要掌握常用的功能意念会话项目，

特别是一些口语式的固定搭配；

b. 二、要理解对话交际场合和交际意图，

理出答题思路

5. 要弄清言语含义

Do you think our basketballers played very well yesterday?

— _________.

A. They were not nervous at all B. They were still young

C. They played naturally D. They couldn’t have done better I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.

— ______. It was her fault.

A. No way B. Not possible

C. No chance D. Not at all

Part 2. 分类讲解

考点1 习惯应答类

许多情景对话中使用的是英美人的习惯用语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语；感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其固定的应答用语。对于这类题目，我们要遵循他们的习惯进行回答。如：

1．常用于感谢的应答用语有：You are welcome．/Don?t mention it．/It is my pleasure(My pleasure)．/Not at a11．/That?s all right．/I?m glad(happy)that…/I?m glad you like(enjoy)it．

2．常用于道歉的应答用语有：Never mind．/It doesn?t matter．/Not at a11．/That?s all right．/That is nothing．

3．常见的祝愿和祝贺用语有：Good luck!/Best wishes to you．/Have a nice time．/Wish you a pleasant journey．/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas!/Happy birthday to you．而应答用语有：Thank you．/The same to you．/You too．

4．接受请求和邀请的应答用语有：With pleasure．/I?d be happy(glad)to．/Yes，help yourself．/No problem．/Good idea/Sounds good/Why not?拒绝请求和邀请的应答用语有：Sorry，but…/I?d rather you…/Thank you，but…/No way!/Forget it。

5．其他场景习惯应答用语考生也应注意。问候的应答用语

有：How do you do．/Fine，thank you．介绍的应答用语有：Very glad(pleased)to see you．接电话的习惯用语有：This is Li Ming speaking．道别的习惯用语有：Bye．/So long．/See you later．服务人员的应答用语有：Yes，Sir．/Yes，Madame．/Take your time．

考点2 破交际定势类

汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。我们要力求用英语思维，避免母语交际定势的干扰，要根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答。如：当中国人听到对方夸奖或赞美自己时，习惯上要说些表示谦虚的话；而英美人则不同，他们总是先接受对方的夸奖，再表示谢意。如：

一You?ve given us a wonderful Chinese dinner，Mrs．Wang．王太太，您给我们提供了一顿极好的中式晚餐。

I?m glad you enjoyed it．我很高兴你们喜欢。

典例：——Thank you very much for the gifts you sent me.

——_________.

A. No thanks

B. I?m glad you like it

C. Please don?t say so

D. No, it?s not so good

考点3 语言结构类

这类题要求考生根据对话情景和所掌握的正确语言结构来做出选择。以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)居多。如当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，I think(suppose，believe)SO．/Yes，I?m'afraid SO．对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度，则说：No，I don?t think(suppose) so．/No，I don?t believe so．/No，I believe(suppose)not．/No，I hope not．/No，I am afraid not．“Do you mind…?”常用于表示请求对方允许。如果同意，则用“No，go ahead．/No，of course not．/No，not at a11．”等来回答；如果不同意，可用“I?m sorry I do．”来回答。

考点4 情景用语类

根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。如表示不肯定或没把握，人们会说：I am afraid that…/It depends．表示不耐烦和催促的用语有：

Well，well．/Come on．/Hurry up!表示惊奇和有把握的用语有：No wonder…/No doubt…如：

一What do you want to do next?We have half an hour until the basketball game．接下来你准备做什么?在篮球赛之前我们还有半小时。

一It?s up to you．Whatever you want to do is fine with me．这取决于你。你想做什么我都同意。

Part 3. 分词讲解

A．回答感激/致歉 回答thank you 回答thank you和sorry 回答sorry

1.It's a pleasure. 2.You are

welcome.

3. My pleasure.

4. Don?t mention it 1. Not at all. 2. That?s all right. 3. That?s OK. 4. It?s nothing.

5. Forget it.

6. No problem. 1. It doesn?t matter. 2. Never mind.

B. Never mind

意为“没关系”?“不要紧”,常应用于下列场合:

1) 回答对方的致歉

—I?m sorry. I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.

—Never mind. You can have ours.

2) 回答对方的求助?

—Sorry to trouble you.

—Never mind. What can I do for you?

3) 安慰对方?

—Did you watch the baseball match yesterday?

—No, I missed it. By the time I got there, it had already finished.

—Never mind. It was a boring match.

4）用来谢绝别人的提供，意为：不用啦；别费事啦。

—Can I help you with it? 要我帮你做这事吗?

—Never mind. 别费心啦。

C. don’t mention it

1. 用来回答感谢或类似于感谢的句子，意为：不用谢；不客 气；不要这样说；哪

里哪里。 A：Thank you very much. B：Don?t mention it. A：The film was wonderful. Thank you for inviting me. B：Don?t mention it. I?m glad you enjoyed it. 2. 用来回答道歉，意为：没关系。 A：I apologize for what I said.

B：Don?t mention it.

D. Forget (about) it

1. 用来回答感谢，意为：算不了什么，不用谢了。 A：Thanks a lot.

E. not really

1. 表示轻微的否定，意为“不很”。

F. come on

(1) 用来表示请求、鼓励、劝说等，意为：来吧；行啦。

Come on, Bill, you can tell me, I won?t tell anybody. (2) 用来催促别人快走(做)，意为：快点。 Come on, it?s getting dark. Come on, Mr. Wang is waiting. (3) 表示责备或不耐烦，意为：得啦；行啦；够啦。 Come on, don?t sit there dreaming. Oh, Jane, come on, for goodness? sake. (4) 用于挑战或激怒对方，意为：来吧；好吧；试试吧。 Come on! I?m not afraid of you. (5) 用于体育竞赛等场合鼓励队员，意为：加油。

“Come on! Come on! ” shouted the audience again and again. A：Do you want to come along? B：Not really. 2. 表示怀疑或不相信，意为“不会吧”“不见得”“不会是真的吧” A：They got married last month. B：Not really. 3. 表示语气很强的否定，意为“真的没有”“的确没有”。 A：Did you watch the news on TV last night? B：Not really. B：Forget it. 2. 用来回答道歉，意为：没关系 A：I?m sorry for what I said. B：Forget it! I don?t remember anyway. 3. 表示不想提及或无关紧要，意为：忘了它吧；别提了； 别放在心上 A：How much do I owe you? B：Forget it. 4. 表示不愿重复说过的话，意为：没什么；别提了。 A：Sorry, what did you say? B：Oh，forget it. 5. 表示否定，意为：不行； 休想； 不可能； 别抱什么希望。 A：I?ll take the small truck. B：And leave me to drive the other one? Forget it.

第二篇：高考英语考点精析复习讲义-情景交际

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第十一讲 情景交际

典型例题

情景交际题通过创设语境，考查考生在真实的语言环境中运用所学英语知识交流思想、表达观点的能力。这类试题以对话形式出现，题干较长，灵活性大，有一定难度，考生的得分偏低。要做好这类语法、词语知识加情景交际题，必须具备正确理解句子结构所需要的语法知识，以便正确理解题干句子所提供的语境条件，同时还要弄明白备选答案中的词语意义及用法，这样再把题干句子和选项结合起来加以认真考虑，据此选出符合句意及情景交际需要的正确答案。实际上，这些“交际”题大多徒有其表，因为在这些情景对话题中真正要考查的是其他知识，如时态、词语辨析等。但这毕竟是在特定的语言情景中测试考生所学英语知识，让考生在真实的英语环境中运用所学知识。这一事实说明了高考在重视交际能力的考查方面迈出了第一步，这一变化也意味着学生须真正掌握英语并能灵活运用之，而非单纯学习英语知识。随着时间的推移，NMET的单选题中也出现了单纯的交际题，其比例并有逐年增加的趋势。

应试高分瓶颈

解答单纯的情景交际题，既不需要复杂的语法知识，也不需要深奥的词语知识。关键就是要先弄懂题干的语境条件，再理解备选答案中词语意思，结合平时了解和掌握的讲英语国家的一些情景知识及各种情况下有关口语应答的知识，再根据语感，就不难选出正确答案。考生应该注意的是：在这种试题中，四个备选答案都有可能满足句子结构的语法需要，但只有一个是正确的，既能满足句子结构的语法需要，又能满足语境意义的需要。

总之，要做好情景交际题，需要良好的语言素养、对英关等国风俗习惯的了解以及不断的语言实践。所以考生平时要尽量多了解一些英语国家的风土人情、生活习惯，注意归纳、总结和积累习惯上的差异，熟悉并能正确运用所学惯用法。只有这样才能逐步提高具体语境下的语言应变能力，从而提高交际题的解题水平。

◎命题点 情景交际

命题点 情景交际

本类考题解答锦囊

1．情景交际类的题目是将高考定位在“语言测试是考查语言交际能力的测试”的具体表现。在NMET中，每年至少有一个题目；在上海的试题中，此类题目所占比例更大一些。

2．此类题目在特定语言环境中考查考生运用语言的能力。具体地讲，包含着八个方面的内容：

①特定的时间和地点(the particular setting)；

②特定的目的和动机(the particular purpose and motivatiOB)； ③特定参与者(the particular participants)；

④特定角色(the particulsr role—play)；

⑤特定的行为序列(thcparticularactionsequence)；

⑥特定的心理活动过程(the particular mental process)；

⑦特定的信息处理过程(the particular information processing)；

⑧特定结局(the particular ends)。

3．测试的交际项目一般包含在教学大纲的“日常交际用语”中，干扰项的设置主要考虑了：

①东西方不同的思维方式；

②字面意义相近但交际功能却截然不同的表达，如：Let me see和Let me havea look;

That'sright和That’sall righ“Never mind和NO problem；What can l do for you

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和At your

service；Good luck和Congratulations；My pleasure，I’m glad to hearthat，Whith pleasure和It’Sa pleasure．

③交际的原则是礼貌得体，而不是注重是否遵守了语法规则。

这里语言的实际使用遵守的是约定俗成的交际原则，而不是语法规则。

1．熟悉句型结构，增强理解能力；

2，进行广泛阅读，积累各种情景中交际应酬的用语从而提高交际能力；

3．熟悉中、英两种文化差异，掌握两个不同民族的交际习惯方式；

4．多看英文电视、电影，多跟外国人交谈，从而提高英语实际运用能力。

这类题虽然没有固定规律可寻，但只要交际能力提高了，解答这类题目就非常容易了。近几年来的考试结果，也说明了这一点。因此同学们不必担心害怕，只要我们在平时的学习中注意这些问题，考试是不难的。

Ⅰ高考最新热门题

1.(典型例题Susan,will you poease go and empty that drawer?

A．What for B. What is it

C．How is it D．How conic

命题目的与解题技巧：该题考查情景交际。

【解 析】 what for? 可以扩展为：What will that drawer be emptied for?为什么要把那个抽屉腾空呢?其实，在口语中常用what for表示“为什么”(for what purpose)，而不使用像上面的扩展句那样完整的语言形式的说法，因为“经济原则”(用尽可能少的符号来表达尽可能多的信息)是语言运用过程中的一个基本原则。这里再补充几个关于what的说法：①what if；；what WOUld hat)pen止．．要是??又怎么样呢?②what of it?，so what用以承认某事属实，进而提问其重要性或是否某人要有何行动。③what’s what什么事物有用或重要等。④ whatwithsth．用来列举各种原因：What wllh the weather and my had 1eg，I haven't been out for weeks．由于天气不好，我的腿又不方便，我已经有好几个星期没出门了。

【答 案】 A

2.(典型例题--No, I'm afraid he isn't in. This is his secretary spesaking. Can I help you?

--_________.

A. Oh,you will.

B. Oh,that's a pity.

C. I should think so.

D. Well,I look forward to hearing from you.

答案：C 指导：句意一啊，他不在。我是他的秘书。我可以代劳吗?一我看可以吧。

3. (典型例题)-- _________I didn't hear you clearly. It's too noisy here. --I was saying that the party was great.

A. Repeat. B. Once again. C.Sorry? D.So what?

答案：C 指导：根据句意可知这是在一个嘈杂的环境中的谈话，由于没听清对方的话，希望对方重复。选项A、B、D虽然都有这种意思，但都缺乏礼貌，不符合英语习惯，故答案选C

4. (典型例题l hope you don't mind me asking,_________where did you buy those shoes?

A. so B. and C. yet D. but

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答案：D 指导：but作为一个语气词，起一个启下的作用，并无实际意义：You can use but after you have made an excuse or an apology or anexcuseforwhatyouarejuStabout to say．

5.(典型例题 Can I look at the menu for a few more minutes before I decide? --Of course,_________sair.

A. Make yourself at home B. Enjoy yourself

C. It doesn't matter D. Take your time

答案：D 指导：A指要对方不要受拘束，随便一点；B指要对方尽兴地玩，不要有其他的顾虑；C指在对方做了不该做的事后的安慰；D意思是要对方别着急，慢慢做某事，在此指慢慢看菜单。根据上句的意思，只有选项D符合语境。

Ⅱ 题点经典类型题

1.(典型例题海卷)Could I ask you a rather personal

question?--_________.

A. Yes, don't worry C. Of course,go ahead

C. Yes,help yourself D. Of course,why not

命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查情景交际。

【解 析】 选项A表示对对方的安慰;B表示许可,同意;C表示随便;D表示反问或责问。根据语境,答案选B.

【答 案】 B

2.(典型例题 Let's go and have a good drink tonight.

--______Have you got the first prize in the competition?

A. What for? B. Thanks a lot.

C. Yes, I'd like to. D. Why not?

答案：A 指导：选项A用来询问目的；B是对人所提供的帮助表示感谢；C、D都是对问题的回答。而从第二个人答语可知，他不知对方为何请他喝酒，故答案选A.

3.(典型例题) No,I'm afraid he isn't in . This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you?

--_________.

A. Oh,you will

B. Oh,that's a pity

C. I should think sr)

D. Well,I look forward to hear from you

答案：C 指导：根据语境，选项A太直接，不符合习惯；B是对他人或自己不能怎样的遗憾；D是书信用语；故答案应该选C，表示愿意要“你”帮忙。

4.(典型例题 Do you mind if I open the window?

--_________I feel a bit cold.

A. Of course not.

B. I'd rather you didn't.

C. Go ahead.

D. Why not?

答案：B 指导：选项A表示不介意；B表示希望对方不要打开窗户；C表示要对方去打开窗户；D表示责问对方为什么不干某事的原因。根据I feel a bit cold的意思，答案选B.

5.(典型例题--Go for a picnic this weekend,OK?

--_________ . I love getting close to nature.

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A. I couldn't agree more

B. I'm afraid not

C. I believe not

D. I don't think so

答案：A 指导：根据句意，说话人同意周末去解炊，B、C、D三项表示不同意。can't／couldn'tagreemore意为“非常赞成、完全同意”。can't／could't+比较级意为“再?二不过，不可能更??”。故答案选A.

Ⅲ 新高考命题探究

1.--I enjoyed myself so much at your birthday party.

--_________

A. Oh,that's kind of you

B. Congratulations

C. Oh,I'm glad to hear that

D. It's a pleasure

答案：C 指导：别人在你的生日聚会上玩得很开心，你应当为此感到高兴。这是西方人常用答语。

2.---You cannot finish the book in less than an hour, I suppose? --_________.

A. Yes,I'm sure I can B. No,hardly

C. Sorry,I can't D. I don't think I can

答案：A 指导：对一般疑问句的回答应用了Yes或No开头，故排除C和D两项。B项完整的表达为：No，Icanhardlyfinish it．

3. --When shall we meet ,at 6: 00 or at 6: 30?

--_________.

A. At any time B. You make the time

C. Well,either time will do D. Any time is OK

答案：C 指导：问句是一个(含两项)选择疑问句，答语中用any不合适，因为any指三者或三者以上中的任何之一。

4. Is the experiment easy?

-- _________. I'll just do my bit.

A. I think so B. Certainly

C. Not a little D. Anything but

答案：D 指导：anything but意为“绝不，一点也不”，相当于not(．．．)atall；notalittle意为“非常，许多”。

5 --Excuse me,can you tell me how to get to the airport?

--_________.

A. Certainly,you can take a No. 3 bus

B. No, I don't know how

C. Yes,you could go by bus

D. Along this road

答案： A 指导：对别人的请求给予帮助。

6.-I'm sorry to have shouted at you. I didn't mean to be so rude.

--You were very angry. Anyway,_________.

A. that's right B. you are welcome

C. I'm sorry about that D. it doesn't matter

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答案：D 指导：对道歉的回答用it doesn'tmatter(没关系)。

探究性命题综合测试

考场热身

1.--Have a nice weekend!

--_________.

A. The same to you B. You do to

C. The same as you D. You have it too

答案：A 指导：当对方“祝你?”“愿你?”你也用相同的祝词时可以简单地说"Thesame to you"．如果A说Happy birthday to you!B说：Thank you．(你们的生日不是同一天)．

2.--Hello. May I speak to Zhao Hua?

--Yes,_________.

A.. My name's Zhao Hua

B. I'm Zhao Hua

D. Zhao Hua's me

答案：C 指导：在电话用语中，表示“我是??”通常用This is．．．speaking；表示“你是谁??”通常用Is that．．．speaking或who's that?

3. --I wonder if I could use your telephone.

--_________.

A. I wader how B. I don't wonder

C. Sorry,it's out of order D. No wonder,have it is.

答案：C 指导：Sorry，it'soutoforder是“对不起，电话坏了”的意思。A、B、D不符语法。

4.--Wasn't it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?

A. I didn't dhow he was B. Yes,it was

C. No, he wasn't D. Yes, he did

答案：B 指导：题干是个强调句式的疑问句，所以回答应是Yes，it was或No，it wasn'toA、

C、D项均不符语法，所答非 所问。

5. --Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?

--_________.

A. Sure,I would B. Yes,please

C. Yes,both D. Neither,thank you

答案：D 指导：A、B项回答不符题意。C项应去掉Yes。D项意为“谢谢，茶和咖啡我都不要。”

6.--Sorry,I couldn't come to the party. I was sick that day.

--_________.

A. I don't know that

B. That's all right

C. Yes,we'll have another party

D. No,the party wasn't held.

答案：B 指导：That's all right意为没关系。 7. You haven't been to Beijing,have you?

-- . How i wish to go there!

A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't

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C. No,I have ID. No,I haven't

答案：D 指导：由答语中的一句"How I wish to go there!”可知“I haven't been to Beijing．故D为最佳答案。B、C项是语法错误。A项与题意不符。 8.--Can I get you a cup of tea?

A. That's very nice of you

B. With pleasure

C. You can, please

D. Thank you for the tea

＊＊A 指导：当别人给你提供帮助时，你应该说That's very nice／kind of you；It's very nice／kind of you或Thanks／Thank you／Thank you very much．D项属汉式英语，不符英语表达习惯。B、C项比较生硬，不委婉。

9.--I had a really good weekend at my uncle's.

A. Oh, that's very nice of you

B. Congratulations

C. It's a pleasure

D. Oh, I'm glad to hear that

答案：D 指导：A表示感谢，B表示祝贺，C表示对感谢的应答，D表示喜悦。

10. --My daughter has passed the exam.

--Congratulations! She's really intelligent.

A. No,no she is nothing

B. Oh, thank you.

C. Sometimes she is intellgent

D. You are right.

答案：B 指导：当对方祝贺你，赞美你，表扬你时，常用Thank you回答。