常用动词短语归纳
1．高考高频动词短语
（1）act短语：
act as 担任??职务，起??作用 act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）
act out 表演（对话、故事等） act up 捣乱，出毛病
例如：
I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.当我在厦门时，我担任翻译。 Mr. Green is acting for the old man in his case.布格林先生代那个老人处理他的案件。
The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.孩子们表演耶稣诞生的故事。
He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.他是个顽皮的孩子，总是捣乱。
（2）break短语：
break away 摆脱，脱离
break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入
break into ? 闯入??，破门而入 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发
break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止
break out in tears 突然大哭 break the rule 违反规定
break through 突围，冲跨 break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开
例如:
The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.小偷摆脱了警察的追捕，但是不久就被抓住了。
If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later.如果你这样工作下去，你迟早会被累垮的。
The car broke down just on my way here.我的车在这条路上出了故障。
If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.如果有人试图强行进入，报警器就会响。
If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.如果有人闯入大楼，报警器就会响。
She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. 她掰下一块面包，把它放在汤。
I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.我中断谈话，接起电话。 Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? 每个人都知道如果发生火灾是应该做什么吗？
It may take a long time to break through the problem.这可能要花很长的时间来突破这个问题。
In spring the icebergs begin to break up.在春天冰山开始分解。
（3）bring短语：
bring about 引起，导致，使发生 bring along 把??带来，领来
bring back 拿回来，使恢复 bring sb back 送回某人
bring sth/sb back to life 使??生动/活泼，使??苏醒
bring down 使??降低，减少，使??倒下，使??落下
bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价 bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收
bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出
bring to 使苏醒 bring ? to use = put ?to use 对??加以利用
bring/carry sth to/into effect 实施? bring up 抚养，培养，哺育
例如：
A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests. 大量的环境损害导致了热带雨林的消失。
You’re welcome to bring along a friend.欢迎你带个朋友。
The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation.政府希望这些措施有助于消除通货膨胀。
American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.美国乡村音乐将带来超过每年100亿美元的收入。
This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s. 这种新的技术是在20世纪80年代初被引进。
1
Stress can bring on (=lead to/result in) headaches and other illnesses.压力会导致头疼或其他疾病。
Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles. Jenny打开碗橱，拿出俩个瓶子。
He was brought up by his grandparents.他是被祖父母养大的。
（4）call短语：
call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地） [比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）]
call back 回电话 call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人
call/shout for help 呼救 call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话
call off 取消 call on/upon 号召
call out 大声呼喊，叫喊 call sb?for short 简称某人?? call sb names 谩骂某人 call up 给??打电话，使人想起，号召 例如：
We called at Mike’s house yesterday. 我们昨天拜访了Mike一家。
All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English. 所有的船在海洋的求助需要通过英语无线电。
Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl. 我们叫个医生来瞧瞧这小女孩。
Many of these songs called on/upon the workers to take up the struggle.这些歌曲号召工人继续战斗。
I shall call on him tomorrow.我明天会去拜访他。
I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.我听到有人在楼下叫我。
Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.明天给我打电话，我的电话号码是536291。 Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago. 你的来信使我想起了十五年前我们一起工作的时候。
Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.由于天气不好，运动会已被取消。
（5）come短语：
come about 发生，产生 come across 偶然相遇
come along 来，随同，进展，加油 come at ? 向??袭击
come back 回来，想起来，复活 come down 下来，下落，传下
come down to? 到达，从一处来到另一处 come for? 来拿，来取
come from? 来自，出生于 come in 进来，进入
come into being 形成，产生 come into use 使用起来
come off 脱落，从??离开 come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快
come on/upon sb/sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现
come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开
come over to? 过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方
come round/around （非正式）来访，串门
come to ? 来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒，达成
come to an end 结束，终止 come to know 逐渐地知道，知道，终于认识到
come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来 come to light 显露，为人所知
come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉 come to/into power 当权，上台 come go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to terms with? 甘心忍受 come true 变为现实，成为事实 come up to sb 朝某人走来
come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来
come up with ? 提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上
例如：
I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.我前几天在街上遇见了我的一个老朋友。
Come along/on! Don’t give up yet! 加油！别放弃！
Come along/on! We’re all waiting for you! 加油！我们都等着你！
Suddenly, he came at me with a knife. 突然，他拿了一把刀向我袭来。
Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.现在，让我们回想一下我刚才说的话。
It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.死了的动物是不可能复活的。 Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window. 雪已经下得这么厚，我几乎无法看出窗外。
The airplane came down in that field. 飞机在那片空地上降落了。
2
Where does the film star come from, do you know? 你知道这位电影明星来自哪吗? Mr. Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).Mr. Smith手里拿着书，匆忙的走进来。
The law first came into being in 1912.法律最早在19xx年形成。
By the time he came to/into power in 1951, he was already seventy.当他19xx年当权的时候，他已经70岁了。
The button came off, but he didn’t notice it. 钮扣脱落了，但他没有看到它。 There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day. 毫无疑问，真相有一天会出现的。
The trees turn green and flowers come out.树绿了，花开了。
This magazine comes out once a month.这本杂志一个月出一期。
Why don’t you come around/round for lunch? 你为什么不来吃午饭？
Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made. 有一天你会知道你所犯的错误。
If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned. 如果他们到半夜时分还没做出决定，谈判将被放弃。
His dream of becoming a film star came true at last. 他想要成为电影明星的梦想最终变成了现实。。
A child came up to me and showed me the way. 一个孩子走上前来，为我指路。
The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.同样的问题在昨天的会上被提出来。
They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.他们在昨天的会议上提出了相同的问题。
（6）cut短语：
cut away 切除，剪去 cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减
cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入 cut in line 插队 cut ? into pieces/halves 把??切成碎片/切成两半
cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应） cut out 删除，剪下来
cut the cost of ? 降低??的成本 cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉 例如：
He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful. 他剪去一些树枝，使它显得更美丽。
A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.过去有很多树被砍掉了。
The electricity was cut off because of the storm.因为那场暴风雨，电被中断了。 He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.他被判处死刑，第二天将被砍头。
Could you cut the pizza up, please? 你能把披萨切了吗?
（7）do短语：
do about 处理，应付 do and don’t 要与不要
do a good deed 做一件好事 do a lot of walking 走很多路 do a test 做实验，做化验 do a word puzzle 猜字谜
do an experiment/experiments 做实验 do away with 废除
do body-building 做健身操 do chores 处理琐事，干家务
do housework 做家务活 do make-up 化妆，打扮
do observations 观察 do one’s best 尽某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作业 do research on? 从事??研究工作
do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙 do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书 do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意
do sb the favor to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事
do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西
do sports = have/play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼 do sth in turn/by turns = take turns to do sth/in doing sth 轮流做某事
do telephone interviews 进行电话采访 do the laundry 洗衣服 do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好
do up one’s shoes/hair 系好鞋带/梳好头 do good 有益处，起作用，
do up the button 扣纽扣 do with 处理，处置，对付
do well/better in? 在??方面干得好/更好 do wrong 做错，作恶
do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）
例如：
To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.说实话，我不知道怎么处置他。 3
What did you do with that camera you found? 你打算怎么处置你找到的那个相机？ Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.多吃些水果，对你有益处。
I think I can do better in English this year than last year.我想在英语方面今年我会比去年做的更好。
Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.” Liszt说：“你做了不好错事，但是我能看出来你确实很抱歉。”
I’m going to do my best this year.我今年将尽力而为。
I was only trying to do a good deed.我只是想做一件好事。
（8）get短语：
get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国
get a full mark/full marks 得满分 get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足 get at 意指，本意是 get around = get about 四处走动，活动
get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离 get/gain/take possession of 占有，拥有，占领
get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还 get close to 接近
get down 下来，降下 get down on one’s knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事） get in 进入，收获，达到
get in a word 插话 get into? 进入??
get sb into? 使某人陷入 get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得
get off 下车，脱下（衣服等） get on 上车，过活
get on/along with? 进展，与??相处 get on one’s feet （艰难地）站立起来
get out 离开，出去 get out of 逃避，避免
get over 克服，恢复，原谅 get up 起床，起身
get across 理解，度过 get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）
get to 到达，抵达 get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着 get ready for 为??做准备
（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为??做好了准备）
get rid of 除掉，去掉 get sb to do 让某人做
get the idea for? 想到??的主意 get the message across 传播信息 get/be married(to sb)= marry(sb)（与某人）结婚 get/be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难
get/be tired of 对?感到厌倦，对?失去兴趣（比较：get/be tired for 因??而感到疲倦）
get together 相聚，碰头，联欢 get/be lost 丢失了，迷路
get/be used to sth 习惯于??，适应于??（比较：be used as sth 被用作??
be used for sth 被用于??，用来做??be used to do sth 被用于做?? used to do sth 过去常常做）
get/be dressed 穿衣服 get/be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚
例如：
How are you getting along with your English? 你的英语学的怎么样了？
He got the book away from her. 他把书从她那拿走了。
The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.抢劫犯乘一辆偷来的车逃走了。 When did you get back from the countryside? 你什么时候从乡下回来的？
The dust has got into my eyes. 灰尘进眼睛里了。
This mistake may get him into difficulties. 这一错误将使他陷入困境。
When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine. 当你在伦敦时，可以联系我的朋友。
The conductor got off and checked the rails. 售票员下车检查了铁轨。
She got on her bicycle and cycled off. 她登上自行车就骑走了。
If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket. 如果你不想走，我想我可以把票退了。
We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 我们都设法至少每年在一起过圣诞节。
It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs. 我们花了4分钟后才通过海关检查。
I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him. 我打电话给他，但我无法打通。
4
It’s time we got down to work. 现在我们开始工作。
The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get in. 剧院里已挤满了人，我们进不去。
The peasants are busy getting in the crops. 农民们正忙着收割庄稼。
We didn’t get up until lunch time.直到吃午饭时间，我们还没有起床。
He got up and walked over to the window. 他站起身，走到窗口。
（9）give短语：
give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发 give back 归还，送回
give in 投降，让步，屈服 give off 释放，发出，放出 (烟、光、热等)
give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放 give over = hand over 转交，移交 give up 放弃，辞去 give a concert 开音乐会
give a description of? 描述?? give/make a speech 演讲，讲话 give a talk 演讲，做报告 give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成 give close attention to 密切关注 give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗
give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳 give/lend sb a hand 给某人帮助 give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信
give sb a second look 再看某人一眼 give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人
give sb some advice on sth/doing sth/how to do sth 就??向某人提出建议/忠告 例如：
In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend. 在那些日子里，他常常拿出一部分收入去帮助朋友。
Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret. 不要把它泄露给别人，这是一个秘密。
Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in. 双方都振振有词地辩论着，也不愿让步。
If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases. 如果把它们烧掉，就会放出有毒的气体。
When they made ready to climb the next ridge, they found that their oxygen had given out. 当他们准备攀登一个山脊时，发现他们的氧气已经用光了。
Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.我们的英语老师给我们发放试卷。 Mary had to give up her job after her marriage. Mary结婚后不得不辞去工作。 Mr. Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.今天下午布莱克先生给我做了一个关于如何学好英语的讲座。
Could you give us some advice on reading? 你能给我一些关于读书的建议吗？
（10）go短语：
go abroad 出国 go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干 go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背
go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面 go/walk around 四处走走
go away 走开，离去 go back 回去
go beyond 超越 go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去 go down 下来，落下，倒下 go down on one’s knees 跪下
go for 为??去，努力获取，主张，适用于 go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行 go for a job interview 去面试找工作 go for a walk/walks 散步 go for sb 对某人也一样 go in for 参加，喜欢
go into 详细调查 go into details 细说
go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响 go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去
go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）
go on 发生，进行，继续 go/be on diet 在节食 go on (a) holiday 去度假 go on a tour to 去??观光（游览） go on a visit to 去??访问（参观）
go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）go on with sth 继续某事
go out 熄灭，出去 ，外出 go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅 go past 从??的旁边过去 go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登 go with? 与??相配 go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用 go without 忍受没有??之苦，没有??也行，没有??也能勉强应付
go shopping/fishing/sailing/camping/skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰 go straight along 沿着??一直往前走 go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检 5
查
go through with完成，把?进行到底 go to bed （上床）睡觉 go to school/work 上学/上班 go to sea 当水手
go to sleep 入睡 go to town 进城
go to a movie 去看电影 go to the country(side) 下乡
go home/there 回家/去那儿 go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生
go bad 变坏 go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途
例如：
No one dared to go against the rules. 没有人敢去反对这些规则。
—Do you mind if I open the window?/Do you mind my opening the window? 您介意我打开窗户吗
—No, go ahead. 不，请便
I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.恐怕鱼已经坏了。
Things will get easier as time goes by.事情会随着时间的推移变得更加容易。 If you really want the job, go for it! 如果你真的想要这份工作，加油!
Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.当你离开时，把门窗锁好。
After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.经过短暂的停顿，Maria继续她的故事。
Suddenly the candle went out. 突然蜡烛熄灭了。
Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings? 你想让我通过这个去检查你的拼写？
Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million. 在那个国家的失业率已上升了一百万。
Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.我的表出了问题，我必须把它修理一下。
（11）have短语：
have a break 休息一下 have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来
have (got) a cold/cough/headache/fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧
have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈
[比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话 have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人进行交流
have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话] have a gift for? 对??有天赋（比较：have a reputation for? 有??名誉/名声） have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途愉快 have a good knowledge of ? 对??很熟悉，通晓??
have a good laugh over? 对??笑了个够
have a good/great/wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快 have a/the habit of ?= be in a/the habit of? 有??的习惯
（比较：get into/form the habit of?养成??的习惯 get sb into the habit of? 使某人养成??的习惯）
have a hit 风靡一时 have a large population 人口众多
have/take a look 看一看 have a meeting/party 开会/举行晚会 have a nice/pleasant trip/journey 祝旅途愉快 have (got ) a pain (in the?) （身体某部位）痛
have a part-time job 做兼职工作 have a (good) rest 休息
have/take a seat 坐下（比较：have/take one’s seat 坐某人的座位）
have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食
have a swim 游泳 have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛
have a test 进行测验 have a try 试一试
have/show an appetite for? 有??的欲望或爱好
have/make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定
have an effect on/upon? 对??有影响，对??产生作用
（比较：influence? = affect ? 对??有影响 have no effect/influence on ? 6
对??没有影响
have a good/bad effect on ? 对??有好/坏影响 have a strong influence on? 对??有很大影响
have a great/little effect on ? 对??有很大的影响/影响不大）
have/take an exam 参加考试 have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光 have an income of ? 有??的收入 have lessons/classes 上课
have access to ? 使用（接近??的）权利或机会
have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
have mercy on? 宽恕??，对??仁慈，对??表示怜悯
have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性
have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事
have none of ? 根本不理睬?? have on 穿着
have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物 have/take one’s medicine 服药，吃药 have some difficulty/trouble/problems with ? 在??有困难/麻烦事
[比较：have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦] have something/nothing in common (with?) （与??）有共同点／没有共同之处 （比较：have much/a lot in common with? 与??有许多相同之处
have little in common with? 与??几乎没有相同之处）
have something/nothing to do with ? 与??有关／无关
have to = have got to 不得不，必须
例如：
Class is over. Let’s have a break. 下课了，让我们休息一下。
I’ve got a cough. 我咳嗽了
They are having a good time. 他们都玩得很开心。
He stopped to have a look. 他停下来看看。
We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们有一个乒乓球比赛。
Are we going to have a meeting this week? 这个星期我们要开会吗？
Here is a tree. Let me have a rest.这有一棵树，让我们休息一会吧。
Are you going to have a swim？你要去游泳吗？
We’ll have a test tomorrow.我们明天有一个测验。
Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him. Peter在哪？我想和他说几句话。 Does she have lunch at home？她在家吃午饭吗?
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.别无选择他只好躺下睡觉。
We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.我们上午有四节课下午有两节课。
I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.我注意到他在卧室穿拖鞋。
At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.在下午3点50我们进行体育活动。
（12）hold短语：
hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会 hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住 hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气 hold on 等一等，不要挂电话
hold on to 抓住，保住 hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持 hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞 hold together 连在一起，团结一致 例如：
—Could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Hold on, please.我可以和Smith先生说话吗？请稍等。
The little boy held out his hands. 小男孩伸出双手。
Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at work.抱歉，我迟到了，工作耽误了。
（13）keep短语：
keep away from 避开，别靠近 keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止??向前，留下
keep down 控制 keep off 勿踏，勿踩
keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物
keep on 继续进行，反复提及 keep out 不得入内
keep?out 把??挡住，把??留在外面 keep out of ? 不进入??
keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落
keep up with? = catch up with? 跟上，赶上
keep a date 赴约 keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食 keep a record/records 保持记录
keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）
7
keep busy doing 忙着做某事 keep fit 保持健康 keep?in mind = learn?by heart = remember? 把??记住
keep (on) doing sth 继续不停地做某事
[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事keep ? from doing 阻止??做，不让??做
stop / prevent? (from) doing 妨碍/预防/阻止??做，不让??做]
keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）
keep one’s balance 保持平衡 keep one’s word(s) 遵守诺言 keep safe 保持安全 keep silent over ? 对??保持沉默 keep the same look 保持原貌 keep watch 保持警戒，站岗 例如：
While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth. 当列昂诺夫正船外时，他通过电话与同伴和地球保持联系。
He kept on telling us the same story over and over. 他给我们讲同一个故事一遍又一遍。
Will this overcoat keep the rain out? 这件大衣能防雨吗？
The rain kept up all night. 雨彻夜未停。
The good news keeps our spirits up. 这个好消息使我们精神振作。
He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him. 他走得那么快，我简直跟不上了。
There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”这有一个牌子写着，“勿踩草坪”
（14）knock短语：
knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等） knock down 把??撞倒，击倒 knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见 knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人
knock over 撞翻，撞倒
例如：
We knocked at/on the door but there was no one there. 我们敲了敲门，但没有人。 He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.他被车撞倒后，在医院呆了一夜。
Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White. 汤姆匆忙走进教室时，撞到了怀特先生。
If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door. 如果前门没有人应答，试着敲敲后门。
（15）look短语：
look at 看着，注视，检查 look back on? 回顾??，回忆?? look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子
look after 照顾，照料，照看 look ahead 向前看，展望未来 look around/about 四处看看，四下环顾 look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去
look forward to sth/doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事
look for 寻找，找 look in 来访，参观
look into? 往??里面看，浏览，调查，研究 look (right) into sb’s eyes 直视着 look like? 看起来像?? （比较：look the same 看起来一样）
look on 旁观，观望，看作，视为 look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防
look out for 警惕，留心，找出来 look over? 翻阅，（仔细）检查
look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习
look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻
look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on/upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视） look/be worried 看上去/感到担心
例如：
The boy is old enough to look after himself.男孩已经足够大的能照顾自己了。 He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around/about the city. 他在上海游览了两个星期。
We are looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我们期待着您的回音。
Lily looks like your sister very much. 莉莉看上去很像你妹妹。
Are you twins? You look the same. 你们是双胞胎吗？你们看起来很像。
Join us. Don’t just look on.加入我们，不要只是旁观。
They all looked on him as a member of their family. 他们都把他看作是自家人。 Look out! There is danger ahead. 当心！前面危险。
8
I must look up the time of your train. 我必须查寻一下你乘坐的火车的时间。
A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.一只狐狸来到树下，往上看着公鸡。
（16）make短语：
make into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品）
[比较：be made in 在??生产/制造 be made of 由??组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化）
be made from 由??组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化）
be made up of = consist of 由??组成，由??构成]
make out 理解，看清楚
make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成
make up for 弥补，补充，补偿 made up one’s mind 下决心
make a choice 做出选择 make a commitment 承诺，保证 make a comment/comments (on/upon?) （对??）发表评论
make a (great) contribution to? 为??做出（巨大）贡献，为??捐款
make a decision 做出决定 make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响
make a face/faces 扮鬼脸 make a fire 生火
make a film/blockbuster/follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集
make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人
make/leave/create a good impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象
make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 make (a) noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音
make a note/notes of? 记录，做笔记 ，记下来
make a plan (for? ) （为??）制订计划，制订一个（??的）计划
make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要 make a promise 承诺 make a record 录制唱片，做记录 （比较：record a song 录一首歌 set a world record 创造世界记录）
make (a) suggestion (on ?) 提出（关于??）的建议
make a telephone call 打电话 make/take a trip/journey to ? 去某地旅行
make conversation 交谈 make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵 make friends with sb 与某人交朋友 make fun of? 取笑，嘲笑，和??开玩笑
make it（事业上）获得成功 make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄
make mistake about? 犯了??错误 make/earn money 挣钱
make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气 make oneself known 使/让自己出名 make one’s way to? 往??走去 make progress (in ?) （在??方面）取得进步
make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of? 弄懂??的意思 make sth to (one’s own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做
make sure 确保，确认，查明
make the adjustment to? 适应?? make the/one’s bed 整理床铺
make (full) use of ?= make the most/best of ? (充分)利用
例如：
Bamboo is also made into paper. 竹子也可以用来造纸。
Our desks and chairs are made of wood. 我们的桌子和椅子是木头做的。
The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood. 书和印报的纸也是由木头做的。
This engine is made up of 490 parts. 这台发动机是由490个部分组成的。
Everyone should make full use of time. 每个人都应该充分利用时间。
I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.我已经决定了，你说什么也不会改变它了。
They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.当我试着讲英语时，他们总是嘲笑我。
（17）pass短语：
pass away 去世，死（委婉说法） pass by 通过，从旁边经过
pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传 ，一代一代传下去
pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人) pass the examination 通过考试 pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来
pass out 失去知觉，昏厥 pass through 穿过，越过
9
pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上
例如：
Dr Johnson passed away last night. 约翰逊博士昨天晚上去世了。
They all waved to us as they passed by.当他们经过时，都向我们挥手。
I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.当我看见血时，我差点昏过去。
（18）pay短语：
pay attention to ? 对??注意，留心?? pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复 pay a visit to sb/a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地）
pay for 付款，付费，付代价 （比较：pay a high price for ? 付高价）
pay off 还清（欠款） pay sb a visit 拜访某人
pay the bill 买单，付帐单
例如：
He promised to pay the money back by Friday. 他答应在星期五还钱。
After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last. 经过十年的艰苦工作，他偿还了所有债务。
（19）pick短语：
pick out 挑选，认出
pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品）
例如：
The phone rang and I picked it up. 电话铃响了，我把它接了起来。
I’ll pick you up at the station. 我会到车站接你。
I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.我设法接收了一个美国的新闻节目。
（20）put短语：
put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来 put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下 put forward 提出，建议，推荐 put off 延期，拖延
put on （戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴 put on a performance 演出
put out 扑灭，熄灭，使??停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产
put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立
put up with 忍受，容忍 put into 使进入，输入，投入
put/translate?into 把??译成 put one’s heart into? 全神贯注于??
put sb in/into prison 把某人关进监狱 put ?to use 使用??，运用??
put a date to sth 注明日期 （比较：set/fix the date 确定日期 to date 到目前为止）
put an end to ? 结束?? put ?together 把??放在一起 例如：
We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.我们离开车间前，把工具都放好。
All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic.在该地区的所有医务人员帮助平息流感疫情。
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.今天能做的事，不要拖到明天。 The firemen soon put the fire out. 消防队员不久就把火扑灭了。
The doctor told me to put out my tongue.医生让我把舌头伸出来。
Drop your weapons and put your hands up. 放下武器，举起你的手。
Another supermarket has been put up near our house. 另一家超级市场我家附近被建立。
I can’t put up with a lot of noisy people when I am working.当我工作的时候，我不能忍受嘈杂的人。
The government is putting more money into education this year. 政府把更多的钱投资到教育中。
As students, we should put our heart into studies. 作为学生，我们应把心放在学习上。
（21）send短语：
send away 让走开 send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来 send in 寄送某处进行处理 send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等） send up 发射，射出，往上送 send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉
send signals by ? 通过??发送信号
例如：
Get back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor. 回到床上去，我去请医生来。
The ship is in danger; it is sending out an SOS signal. 船陷入危险中了，它正发出呼救信号。
The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.明天早上火箭将会被发射。
10
（22）set短语：
set about (doing) sth 着手，开始 set aside 留出，搁/放在一边
set down 放下，记下 set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起
set out (for?) 出发往（??），动身去（??） set sb free 释放某人，解放某人
set out to do 开始做，着手做 set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起 set/give a (good) example to? 为??树立（好）榜样
set a goal 设定目标 set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧
set foot on/in? 踏上??，到达，进入 set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做 set sail for 起航去?? set sail from 从??起航
set sb a good example in ? 在??为某人树立榜样
例如：
As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up the room. 当她到达时，她开始收拾房间。
Try to set aside some time each day for exercise. 设法每天抽出一些时间做练习。 They’ve set off on a trip round the world. 他们已出发作环球旅行。
We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system. 我们一定要建立一个完整的现代企业制度。
The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night. 警察想设法查明谁对这座大楼纵火。
Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all. 雷锋同志给我们树立了好榜样。
（23）stand短语：
stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人
stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为??的候选人
stand out 突出，显眼 stand up 起立，站起来
stand still = stay still 站着不动
例如：
CPC stands for the Communist Party of China. CPC是中国共 产 党的英文名称缩写。 Stand still, and let me take a picture of you. 站住，让我给你照张像。
（24）take短语：
take after 与某人相像 take along 带领，携带
take ? apart = separate ? 把??分开 take away 拿走，拿去，使离开
take away from? 从??带／拿走 take back 退回，拿回，收回
take down 拿下，记下，记录 take for? 当作??，误以为是??
take in 吸收，接纳，上当 take over 继承，接管，接替
take off （飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销 take on 呈现 take out 拿出，取出
take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等）
take a bank loan 向银行贷款 take a bath 洗澡
take a chance/chances 碰运气，冒险 take a critical attitude towards? 对??持批判态度
take a few deep breaths 深呼吸 take/have a degree in ? 取得??学位
take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育
take a message (to sb) （给某人）捎个口信 比较：leave a message (to sb) （给某人）留个口信
take a photo (of ?) （给??）照相，拍（??）照片
take a risk/risks 冒险 take a shower 沐浴，洗澡
take a sip 呡一小口 take a taxi to... = go to ...by taxi 乘出租车
take a walk/ride/holiday 散步／兜风／休假 take sb in the arms 拥抱，搂抱
take advantage of 对??加以利用 take ? by surprise 对??突然袭击，出乎??意料
take care 小心, 注意 take care of 照顾，照看
take effect 生效，奏效 take exercise 运动，活动
take ? for example 以??为例 take/get/catch hold of 握住，抓住 take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张 take notice of 注意
take...into consideration 顾及，考虑到，体谅 （比较：under consideration 在考 11
虑中，在研究中）
take lessons 上课 take notes 做笔记，做记录
take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（转义为就职）
take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动 [比较：take time 花费（时间）]
take part 参加
（比较：take part in= join in? = participate in? 参加? take an active part in? 积极参加?）
take place 发生，出现，举行 [比较：take the place of ? = take sb’s place 取代，代替（某人的位置）]
take pride in ?= be proud of? 对??感到自豪
take responsibility for ? = be responsible for ? 对??负起责任
take/hold/keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人 （比较：sb be taken/held/kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏）
take sb seriously 看重某人 take sb some time to do sth 花费某人??时间去做某事
take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温 take sth along with sb 随身携带某物 take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人 take shelter 躲避 take steps/measures/action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采取（??的）行动 take turns to do sth/in doing sth 轮流做某事
例如：
I’m sorry. I’ll take back what I said.抱歉，我收回我说的话。
Take care! The car is coming.小心，车来了。
My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.我的飞机11点准时起飞。
We can’t have such a big table in this small room. It takes up too much room.在这个小房间里我们不能有这么大的桌子，它太占地方了。
（25）think短语：
think about 思考，考虑（是否去做） think of 想到，想起，认为，对??有看法/想法
think out 想出 think over 仔细考虑
think through? 思考??直到得出结论 think up 提出，想出，设计出 think twice 再三考虑，仔细考虑
think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 对??高度评价 例如：
I’m sorry. I can’t think out your name. 抱歉，我想不起你的名字了。
When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.当我再美国时，我经常想起我的朋友李华。
Think it over, and you’ll find a way.仔细想一下，你会找到一个办法。
（26）turn短语：
turn against 转而反对，背叛 turn around/round 转身，转过来 turn ? away 赶走??，辞退??，把??打发走
turn on 打开（灯，气，水，电器等） turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等） turn up 把音量开大，卷起，翻起，发生，出现，到达
turn down 关小/调低（音量／热度），拒绝
turn over 把??翻过来，翻动，犁翻（土地），细想
turn in 交进，上缴，归还 turn into 变成
turn?into? 把??变成??，转变成 turn to? 转向??，向??求助，查阅 turn out 结果是，生产 turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是 turn right/left 向右/向左拐 turn writer = become a writer 成为作家
例如：
Those who were once for him have turned against him. 那些原来支持他的人转而反对他。
Turn in everything captured. 一切缴获要归公。
I’m going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children. 我要把我的车库改成孩子们的游戏室。
Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 当你离开房间时，一定要关灯。
Shall I turn on the bath water for you? 要我给你打开洗澡水吗?
They always turn to me when they are in trouble.当他们有麻烦时，他们总是向我求助。
His attention turned to the pretty young girl. 他的注意力转到那年轻漂亮的姑娘。 Turn the radio down a little. I can scarcely hear the program. 把收音机关小点。我简直不能听到节目。
12
2．以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（便于强化记忆）
（l）动词+about
speak／talk about 谈论
think about 思考，考虑
care about 关心，对??有兴趣
bring about 引起，使发生
set about 着手，开始
come about 发生
hear about 听说
worry about 为??担心
（2）动词+at
aim at 向?瞄准，目的在于
run at冲向，向?攻击，冲去
call at 拜访(地点)
tear at 用力撕
look at 看，注视
work at 从事于?，在?工作
come at 袭击，得到，弄明白
shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷
stare at 凝视，盯着看
glare at 怒视
glance at 匆匆一瞥
laugh at 嘲笑
knock at 敲（门、窗等）
point at 指向
smile at 冲（某人）笑
strike at 向??打击
shoot at 向??射击
wonder at 惊讶
（3）动词+away
die away 逐渐消失
put away 收拾起来，存起来
pass away 去世
wash away 冲走，清洗
take away 拿走
give away 背弃，泄漏
turn away 走开，拒绝，避开
wear away 磨掉，消耗，侵蚀
throw away 扔掉,放弃,错过
blow away 吹走
clear away 清除掉，消散,收拾
break away 摆脱
（4）动词+back
keep back 隐瞒，忍住
hold back 控制住，忍住
give back 归还
call back 回电话
take back 拿回，收回
look back(on) 回顾，回首
（5）动词+down
cut down 削减，砍倒
put down 记下，写下，镇压
take down 记下，记录
turn down 调小，拒绝
slow down 慢下来
pass down 传下来
calm down 平静下来
burn down 烧毁
tear down 拆毁，拆除
come down 下落，传下
break down坏了，垮了，分解 bring down使??降低，使倒下 settle down
（6）动词+from
die from 因??而死，死于??
13 安家
hear from 收到??来信
learn from 向??学习
differ from 与??不同
suffer from 受??苦
result from 由于
separate?from 把??分离开
keep/stop/prevent?from 不让/要??做
date from=date back to 始于??时期，追溯到
（7）动词+for
run for 竞选
ask for 要求得到
beg for 乞求
wait for 等候
look for 寻找
call for 需要，要求
hunt for 寻找
long for 渴望
care for 关心，喜欢
seek for 寻找
come for 来拿，来取
apply for 申请
stand for 代表，表示
search for 查找
change?for 用??换
charge?for 收费，要价
take?for 误以为??是
hope/wish for 希望得到
（8）动词十in
get in 收获，进入
fill in 填写
cut in 插入
join in 参加
look in 来访，参观
hand in 上交
drop in 拜访
give in 让步
take in 接纳，吸收
call in 召集，来访
bring in 引进，使得到收入
break in 强制进入，插话
result in 导致
succeed in 在??获成功
persist in 坚持
（9）动词十into
run into 碰到
look into 研究，调查，往里面看
burst into 闯入，进发
turn into 变成
change?into 把??变成
divide?into 把??分成
put/translate?into 把??译成
（l0）动词+of
die of 死于
talk of 谈到
hear of 听说
think of 想到
dream of 梦到
speak of 谈到
consist of 由??组成
approve of 赞成
complain of 抱怨
become of 发生??情况，怎么啦
（l1）动词+out
14
go out 熄灭 set out 出发，着手 try out 试用试验
run out 用完 let out 泄漏，发出(声音) pick out 选出
hold out 坚持下去 wear out 穿破，使??疲劳 make out 理解，看清楚，
keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住 find out 查出，弄明白 work out 算出，想出办法等
send out 发出，派遣 give out 散发，分发，用完 look out 当心，提防
hand out 散发，分发 help out 救助 turn out 结果是，生产
come out 出版，出来 cross out 划掉 burst out 进发
carry out 执行 break out 爆发 point out 指出
figure out 算出 bring out 阐明，使表现出
省略，删掉
speak out 大胆讲出
（l2）动词+over
go over 审阅，检查，研究
get over 克服
run over 压死，看一遍
take over 接管，接替
turn over 翻倒，细想
fall over 跌倒，摔倒
roll over 翻滚
look over 翻阅，检查
think over 仔细考虑
watch over 看守，照看
（l3）动词十to
add to 增添
get to 到达
see to 处理，料理
turn to 向??求助，查阅
come to 共计，苏醒
lead to 导致，通向
reply to 答复
refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅
bring to 使苏醒
agree to 同意
object to 反对
point to 指向
write to 写信给
relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（与??）有关
attend to 处理
belong to 属于
supply?to 为??提供
devote?to 贡献给
stick/hold／keep to 坚持，忠于
compare?to 与??相比，把??比作
（l4）三词以上的短语动词
do well in 在??干得好
make up for 弥补
look down on/upon 轻视
break away from 摆脱
keep away from 避开，别靠近
do away with 废除
put up with 忍受
catch up with = keep up with 赶上
fill up with 用??装满
go on with 继续
get on/along with 和??相处
15 leave out
look forward to 盼望
look up to 仰望，尊敬
add up to 总计
live up to 依据??行事；做到；不辜负（期望）get close to 接近 get down to 认真开始
set fire to 放火烧
pay attention to 注意
pay a visit to 访问
take/get/catch hold of 握住
run out of 用完
get out of 逃避，避免
take notice of 注意
take a photo of 拍??照片
take the place of 取代
set an example to 为??树立榜
16