小学英语四年级(下)知识点总结

时间:2024.4.5

第二篇:总结小学英语知识点


总结小学英语知识点

上传: 严娟     更新时间:20##-4-4 19:24:49

总结小学英语知识点

名词所有格的形式和用法。

  (1)名词所有格一般是词尾加′s构成,如:the boy’s bag;our teacher’s room等。如果原词已经

  有复数词尾-s,则仅仅加一个(′)即可,如boys′ school等。词尾无s的复数名词则仍要加′s,如:

  men’s clothes等。

  (2)表示无生命东西的名词的所有格不可用词尾加(′s)或(′),而是用of 属格,如:the window

  of the room等。但在表示时间、距离以及其他习惯用语中,则需用(′s)或(′)表示所有格,如:

  ten minutes′ walk等。

  (3)如果一样东西为两人共有,则只在后一个名词后加“'s”。

  如:we visited xiao li and xiao zhang's room. 我们参观了小李和小张的房间。

  (4)名词的双重所有格。(本部分只出现在教师版中)

  物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such,

  another, which等词一起修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。

  公式为:a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。

  如:a friend of mine 我朋友中的一个

  each brother of his 他的每个哥哥

  名词

  名词是人类认识事物所使用的基本词汇,它主要用来指人或各种事物具体的名称,也可以指抽象的概念。

  名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、称呼语等。

  名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如beijing,

  china等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。

  名词有数的变化,从名词所表示的事物的性质看,可以分为两类:可数名词,如:car汽车,army军队等

  ;不可数名词,如:milk牛奶,water水,love爱等。

  可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数名词的变化有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

  规则变化

  构成方法 语 音 你会读吗?

  在词尾加-s 1. 在清辅音后读作/s/

  2. 在浊辅音后读作/z/ 1. desk-desks

  2. dog-dogs

  1. 以s, x, sh, ch, z等结尾的名词之后加-es

  2. 如词尾为e,只加-s -(e)s读作/iz/ 1. class-classes

  buzz-buzzes

  2. horse-horses

  page-pages

  如词尾为-f或-fe,则一般变为-ves -ves读作/vz/ knife-knives

  以辅音+y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es -ies读作/iz/ family-families

  以元音+y结尾的名词,加-s -s读作/z/ boy-boys

  以辅音+o结尾的名词,加-es -es读作/z/ tomato-tomatoes

  (photo, piano除外)

  以元音+o结尾的名词,加-s -s读作/z/ radio-radios

  以-th结尾的名词,加-s 1. 在长元音后-ths读作/ez/

  2. 在短元音或辅音后-ths读作/θs/ 1.bath-baths

  2.month-months

  不规则变化

  ①名词复数的特殊形式。

  如:man – men       woman – women      foot – feet

  tooth – teeth

  mouse – mice     child – children   deer – deer

  goose – geese

  asian – asians   american – americans german – germans

  ② 单复数形式相同。

  如:sheep, deer, fish, chinese, japanese

  ③合成名词,只将其主体词变为复数形式。

  如:girl student – girl students    pencil-box – pencil-boxes

  ④由man和woman构成的合成词,全都变成复数。

  如:man doctor – men doctors   woman teacher – women teachers

  不可数名词

  不可数名词一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式。它不能和a或an及数词搭配使用。不可数名词表示数量可

  以和some, any, little, a little, much, a piece of, a pound of, a cup of, a lot of等连用。

  如:a piece of news  four glasses of milk   five bottles of

  water

  主要用法 例句

  1)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词 they are teachers.

  他们是教师。

  2)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词 failure is the mother of success.

  失败乃成功之母。

  3)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词 man cannot

  live without water.

  人离开水就无法生存。

  4)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词 president bush;professor smith

  5)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词 i can't write wijthout pen or pencil.

  没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。oom.

  形容词、副词

  形容词

  1. 形容词定义

  形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征,在句中可作定语、表语、状语等成分。

  如:this is a difficult problem to solve.(作定语)

  the weather here is very pleasant.(作表语)

  maggie is very polite.(作表语)

  2. 形容词的位置

  形容词在句中的位置主要指作定语时与名词的排列位置。

  1)作定语一般位于名词前。

  如:i often have a joyful hear. 我通常都是心情愉快。

  china has a peaceful environment.

  2)形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody, nothing等不

  定代词时,需要置于其后。

  如:i have something important to tell you all.

  3)多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序(本部分只出现在教师版中)

  多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,其排列顺序通常如下:

  限定词(包括冠词、人称代词、指示代词等)+大小+形状+性质或状态+颜色+年龄或新旧+材料或种类+来

  源+名词

  如:there are a few big round black new wooden french tables in the room.

  形容词、副词等级用法

  1. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

  1)比较级和最高级的构成

  构成 原级 比较级 最高级

  一般在词尾加-er, -est great, hard greater, harder greatest, hardest

  以字母e结尾只加-r,-st nice, wide nicer, wider nicest, widest

  以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这一辅音字母后再加-er, -est big, hot bigger,

  hotter biggest, hottest

  以辅音字母+y结尾的词,将y变为i再加-er, -est happy, early happier, earlier

  happiest, earliest

  在双音节和多音节词前加more或most difficult,

  difficultly more difficult,

  more difficultly most difficult,

  most difficultly

  2)形容词的不规则变化如下:

  原级 比较级 最高级

  good, well better best

  bad, ill, badly worse worst

  little less least

  much, many more most

  far farther/further farthest/furthest

  old older/elder oldest/eldest

小学英语课堂用语100句

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小学英语课堂用语100句

1 let’s get ready for class. 准备上课。

2 i’m sorry i’m late. /excuse me for coming late. 对不起,我迟到了。

3 please come earlier next time. 下次请早点到。

4 class begins. 上课。5 who’s on duty today? 今天谁值日?

6 is everyone here? 都到齐了吗?

7 who’s absent today? 今天谁没来?

8 what day is today? 今天是星期几?

9 what’s the date today? 今天是几号?

10 li hong, have you collected all the exercise-books? 李红,作业本都收齐了吗?

11 here are your exercise-books. please hand them out. 这是练习本,请发下去。

12 monitor, would you please fetch some chalk for me? 班长能帮我去拿些粉笔来吗?

13 open your books, please. 请翻开书。

14 please turn to page 12. 请翻开书本十二页

15 please take out your notebooks/exercise books. 请拿出笔记本/练习本。

16 no more talking, please. 请安静。17 attention, please. 请注意。

18 let’s have a dictation. 让我们来听写。

19 we’re going to have a new lesson today. 今天我们要上新课。

20 first let’s have a revision. 首先我们复习一下。

21 who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?

22 do you have any questions? 你们有问题吗?

24 let me see. 让我看看/想想。

25 put up your hands if you have any questions. 如果有问题请举手。

26 raise your hands, please. 请举手。

27 hands down. 把手放下。

28 repeat after me/follow me. 跟我读。

29 listen to me, please. 请听我说。

30 look at the blackboard/screen, please. 请看黑板/屏幕。

31 all eyes on me, please. 请都看着我。

32 can you solve this problem? 能做出这道题吗?

33 let’s read it together. ready, go! 大家齐声朗读,预备,起。

34 read slowly and clearly. 读慢一点,清楚一点。

35 who wants to try? 谁想试一试?

36 who wants to do it on the blackboard? 谁愿意到黑板上来做?

37 are you through? 做完了吗?

38 have you finished? 做完了吗?

39 you did a very good job. 做得不错。

40 very good./good try./ well done! 完成得不错。

41 terrific!/ wonderful! / excellent! 很棒!

42 please give him (her) a big hand. 请给他/她一些掌声。

43 can you follow me? 能跟上吗?

44 do you understand? 你听懂了吗?

45 don’t be nervous. 不要紧张。

46 any one can help him/ her? 谁来帮他/她一下?

47 any volunteers? 谁自愿回答?

48 i beg your pardon? 对不起,能再说一遍吗?

49 take it easy. 请放心/别紧张。

50 be brave / active, please. 请勇敢/主动些。

51 who wants to try? 谁来试试?

52 come up to the front, please. 请到前面来。

53 go back to your seat, please. 请回座位。

54 come on. you can do it. 来吧!你能做到的。

55 come on, you’re almost there. 来吧!你快(做/答)对了。

56 i’ll give you a clue (hint). 我给你一些提示。

57 you can do it this way. 你可以这样来做。

58 let’s play a game. 让我们玩个游戏。

59 are you tired? let’s take a break. 累了吗?休息一下。

60 look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查这个词。

61 take notes, please. 请作笔记。62 are you clear ? 明白了吗?

63 is that right /correct? 那个正确吗?

64 can you find the mistakes? 你能找出错误吗?

65 do you know how to correct the mistakes? 你知道怎么改错吗?

66 are you ready? 准备好了吗?67 can you guess it? 能猜猜吗?

68 yes. you’re right. 对,你对了。

69 i’m sorry. can you say that again? 对不起,能再说一遍吗?

70 take your time. 慢慢来。

71 use your head. 动动脑筋。

72 good idea! that makes sense. 好主意。有道理。

73 whose turn is it? 轮到谁了?

74 now you’re going to read one by one. 现在你们依次朗读。

75 who’s next? 接下来是谁?

76 you’re next. 接下来是你。

77 it’s your turn. 轮到你了。

78 just hands. no voices. 不要说,请举手。

79 do it on your own. 自己做。

80 from the very beginning. 从头开始。

81 please read it to the end. 请读到结尾。82 stop here, please. 请停下来。

83 hands up before you answer. 回答问题前,请举手。

84 here’s your homework for today. 这是今天的家庭作业。

85 hand in your homework tomorrow. 家庭作业明天交。

86 please pass the exercise books to the front. 请将练习本递到前面来。

87 who wants to come to the front? 谁愿意到前面来?

88 come to my office after class. 下课后到办公室找我。

89 come and see me after class. 课后找我。

90 watch me and i'll show you. 看着我,我来演示。

91 i want all of you to answer this question. 我请大家一齐来回答这个问题。

92 that’s all for the new lesson/ revision. 新课/复习就到这儿。

93 i want you to work in pairs/groups. 请大家做对子/小组练习。

94 i’m sorry to have kept you so long. 对不起耽搁大家了。

95 that’s all for today. 今天就到这

96 we stop here for today. 今天就到这。

97 let’s call it a day. 今天就到这。

98 don’t copy others’ work. 不要抄别人的作业。

99 class is over. thank you, class. 下课。谢谢!

100 good-bye./ see you tomorrow. 再见/明天

1、小学英语介词at,in与on在时间方面的用法                                     
at表示时间的一点;in表示一个时期;on表示特殊日子。如:
he goes to school at seven o’clock in the morning. 他早晨七点上学。
can you finish the work in two days. 你能在两天内完成这个工作吗?
linda was born on the second of may. 琳达五月二日出生。
1>. at后常接几点几分,天明,中午,日出,日落,开始等。如:
at five o’clock (五点),at down (黎明),at daybreak (天亮),at sunrise (日出),at noon (中午),at sunset (日落),at midnight (半夜),at the beginning of the month (月初), at that time (那时),at that moment (那会儿),at this time of day (在一天的这个时候)。
2>. in后常接年,月,日期,上午,下午,晚上,白天,季节,世纪等。如:
in 2006(20##年),in may,2004 (20##年五月),in the morning (早晨/上午),in the afternoon (下午),in the evening (晚上),in the night (夜晚),in the daytime (白天),in the 21st century (21世纪),in three days (weeks/month)三天(周/个月),in a week (一周),in spring (春季)。
3>. on后常接某日,星期几,某日或某周日的朝夕,节日等。如:
on sunday (星期日),on a warm morning in april (四月的一个温暖的上午),on a december night (12月的一个夜晚),on that afternoon (那天下午),on the following night (下一个晚上),on christmas afternoon (圣诞节下午),on october 1,1949 (1949年10月1日),on new year’s day (新年),on new year’s eve (除夕),on the morning of the 15th (15日的早上)等。


2、 巧记形容词的排列顺序
当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词,形容词该如何排 列?为什么不能说a black new pen,而是说成a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循? 如果你记住opshacom这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词, 就能掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。 opshacom中p代表opinion,指表示人们观点的形容 词,如beautiful,horrible,lovely,nice等; sh代表shape,指表示形状的形容词,如long,short,round, narrow等; a代表age,指表示年龄、时代的形容词,如old,new,young等; c代表colour,指表示颜色的形容词,如red,black, orange等; o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如british,canadian,german等; m代表material,指表示材料的形容词,如plastic,metal,aluminium等。 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列, 如a nice long new black british plastic pen 当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连 用的情况。
请根据形容词排列规则完成以下练习:
1>.she has a ___ jacket.(leather,brown,beautiful)
2>.he has a ___ car. (american,long,red)
3>.they live in a ___ house. (old,beautiful)
4>.we have a ___ table. (antique,small,wooden)
5>.he has a ___ jumper. (woollen, lovely, red)
6>.she has a ___ ring. (diamond,new,fabulous)
7>.it was a ___ song.(french,old, lovely)
8>.he owns a ___ dog.(black,horrible,big)
9>.she bought a ___ scarf.(gorgeous,silk,pink)


一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。
e.g. it seldom snows here.
2 、表示现在的特征或状态。
e.g. he is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。
e.g. action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。
e.g. (tom enters the room_and_sits at the table)
doctor : what`s your trouble, young man?
tom : i`ve caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:
always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。


二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
e.g. when did you read the novel?
she often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时
e.g. i didn`t know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时
e.g. lei feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now,
when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。


三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
e.g. we have learnt four english songs this month.
how many times have you read the novel?
for many days we haven`t seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
e.g. the delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里)
look, what you have done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有:
already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. have you had your lunch?
what did you have for lunch?
i have ever been to the great wall,_and_i went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
have you seen the six thirty`s news program?
应改为:
did you see the six thirty`s news program?


四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。
e.g. i`ve been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. i`ve written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
it has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。

五、过去完成时
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
e.g. as soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。
e.g. where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。
e.g. by the end of last month. we had reviewed four books
by eight o`clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
by 1985, by eight o`clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。

六、现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. listen, someone is crying.
what are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。
e.g. how are you feeling today?
你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
he is doing well in his lessons.
他的功课很好。(赞扬)
you are always boasting.
你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。
e.g. they are leaving for shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:
now, these days, recently, this week 等。

七、过去进行时主要用于:
表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. at that time she was working in a pla unit.
那时她在解放军某部工作。
what were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用:
at nine o`clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。
e.g. when he came in, i was reading a newspaper.
注:
1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。
e.g. i read a magazine while i was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。
e.g. i was reading a newspaper when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句: we were building a reservoir last winter.
去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成) we built a reservoir last winter.
去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)

八、一般将来时主要用于:
表示将要发生的动作或情况
e.g. tom will have a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用:
tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
e.g. they are going to have a competition with us in studies. it is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
i am going to be eighteen years old next year.
应改为: i shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。
e.g. we are about to discuss this problem.
我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
e.g. when is the train to leave. 
 

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